US3262018A - Fuse protection system with an auxiliary high current voltage source for selective disconnection of loads under fault conditions - Google Patents

Fuse protection system with an auxiliary high current voltage source for selective disconnection of loads under fault conditions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3262018A
US3262018A US263185A US26318563A US3262018A US 3262018 A US3262018 A US 3262018A US 263185 A US263185 A US 263185A US 26318563 A US26318563 A US 26318563A US 3262018 A US3262018 A US 3262018A
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United States
Prior art keywords
source
fuse
current
high current
power
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Expired - Lifetime
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US263185A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bogaerts Renaat Frans
Vanderheyden Joseph Gerlachus
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for DC applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
    • H02H3/243—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage for DC systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for DC systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/738—Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines
    • H04M1/74—Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
    • H04M1/745—Protection devices or circuits for voltages surges on the line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M19/00—Current supply arrangements for telephone systems

Definitions

  • Such devices generally require additional power sources which have a voltage different from the conventional battery voltage used in the telephone exchanges, e.g. 48 volts, and which do not have to deliver a substantial current.
  • auxiliary sources may have higher voltages, e.g. 100 volts or more for the operation of certain electronic tubes, or alternatively they may have much lower voltages, e.g. 12 volts when they serve to power transistor circuits.
  • the capacity of the power source is solely based on normal on-load current consumption considerations.
  • Such sources as described above are therefore designed with a current output which is not sufiicient to permit protection by the usual grasshopper fuses.
  • Ordinary fuses of lower current rating, associated with high impedance detecting devices which serve to identify a burnedout fuse such as by causing the release of a relay, normally operated as long as a voltage is developed across the high input impedance of the detector when the fuse is still in service are used.
  • Such detecting devices for operating a relay are quite elaborate, bulky and expensive in comparison to the grasshopper fuses mentioned above.
  • An additional and important drawback is that since the low current sources have a high internal resistance, too many of such high impedance detectors cannot be included in any one system.
  • a general object of the invention is to remedy the above drawbacks.
  • a specific object of the invention is to devise such a fuse arrangement that permits the use of fuses operated by a substantially higher current than that which is nor- ;nally supplied by the sources to be protected with such uses.
  • a fuse arrangement for low current power supply systems is characterized in that each such DC. power source having a voltage whose absolute value is smaller than those of the other sources and able to supply a larger current than said other sources.
  • a potentiometer is provided across at least one of said power sources with a tapping point connected to the additional power source through an additional uni-directional impedance.
  • the additional uni-directional impedance is normally conductive in order to keep a steady potential across the additional power source, while at the same time all the individual uni-directional elements are non-conductive.
  • the corresponding individual uni-directional element becomes conductive to enable the additional power source to send an increased current through the load for a time period sufiicient to melt a fuse included in the faulty circuit part of said load that is responsible for the lowering of the source voltage.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a fault protection circuit having an additional high current power source.
  • the additional power source may comprise a relatively high current battery maintained in a charged condition by currentsupplied through the additional unidirectional impedance means.
  • the additional power source may comprise a capacitor of relatively high value maintained in a charged condition by the current supplied through said additional uni-direction impedance means.
  • the high current battery or the large capacitor does not deliver any current as long as the load conditions are normal.
  • the load is short-circuited the high current battery or, if the overload current increases fast enough, the large capacitor renders the rectifier associated with the faulty source conductive and supplies a higher current to the load.
  • the various circuits constituting the load may be subdivided into various sections each having its own fuse of the grasshopper variety.
  • the current ratings for such fuses will increase as the circuits are grouped in larger units towards the source.
  • the grasshopper fuse associated with the faulty circuit will rapidly melt, interrupt the flow of current and give a non-urgent alarm identifying the faulty circuit, while the voltage of the overloaded supply source immediately returns to normal.
  • an eflicient fault protection system for low current drain systems can be realized with simple and economic means.
  • FIG. 1 represents a first embodiment of the invention using an additional high current power source with a lower voltage than those of the power sources to be protected;
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of FIG. 1 in which the additional supply source is constituted by a large capacitor.
  • a DC. power source 1 has its negative pole grounded while its positive pole is applied to a load comprising a plurality of circuits of which only 2 is represented in FIG. 1.
  • This connection between power source 1 and the load such as 2 is made through a series of fuses of the grasshopper variety such as 3, 4 and 5.
  • Each of such fuses closes a contact upon being burned-out in order to give an alarm.
  • such fuses constitute a pyramid or tree arrangement leading to the various individual load circuits such as 2, and the fuse current ratings may be upgraded as one nears the source 1.
  • fuse 5 directly associated with circuit 2 may be a l ampere fuse
  • fuse 4 may be a 2 ampere fuse covering a whole rack of circuits such as 2
  • fuse 3 may be a 4 ampere fuse covering a whole row of racks, and additional stages.
  • the positive pole of source 9 is connected to the positive pole of source 1 through rectifier 10 poled as shown and as indicated by the multipling connection 11, this positive pole of source 9 may also be coupled through other individual rectifiers such as 10 to other sources such as source 1 each supplying a plurality of other circuits such as load circuit 2 through its own network of fuses such as fuses 3, 4 and 5.
  • source 9 may be connected to a plurality of arrangements such as shown in FIG.
  • potentiometer and rectifier arrangement 6, 7, and 8 is necessary between one of the sources such as source 1 and the common additional source 9, although, evidently the latter may be associated with more than one source such as 1 through circuits similar to that comprising the elements 6, 7 and 8.
  • the source 9 is maintained in the charged condition by the supply of energy from source 1 through the conductive rectifier 8. Since the voltage of source 9 is lower than that of source 1, rectifier 10 is normally blocked. If a short-circuit develops in one of the circuits such as load circuit 2, branched on any source such as 1, it would result in a lowering of the impedance of that circuit, in an increased current and in a decrease of the potential at the cathode of rectifier 10. The latter will become conductive when the potential goes down to about the potential present at the positive pole of source 9. The higher current available from source 9 through the conductive rectifier 10 would result in a sufficiently increased current through circuit 2 to melt fuse 5 and disconnect the circuit from the rest of the equipment.
  • the fuse would give an alarm identifying the faulty circuit.
  • a fault has lowered the potential of a source such as source 1 down to the lower value supplied by source 9
  • the faulty circuit is automatically put out of action and is identified despite the fact that source 1 is unable to supply sufficient current to melt the fuse.
  • the high current power source 9 may also be replaced by a large capacitor.
  • FIG. 2 shows this modification with the capacitor connected to the rectifiers 8 and 10 and assuming in this case that the positive poles of the sources are grounded.
  • the capacitor 12 will normally be charged to a negative voltage by source 1 through the conductive rectifier 8 and it will also supply the relatively high current necessary to blow the fuses such as fuse 5 (FIG. 1).
  • such an arrangement with a capacitor can only be effective if the short-circuit occurs over a short time period. A very gradual overload would lead to a prolonged state of affairs with the rectifier 10 just conductive and the capacitor 12 charged from source 1 through the arrangement 6, 7 and 8 at a rate which would be insufficient to compensate for the gradual discharge of capacitor 12 through rectifier 10.
  • low current DC. sources which are often of vital importance to a system may be adequately protected by simple arrangement at little extra cost.
  • the supervisory device may be used in common for various such low current sources which are usually specified as a function of their normal loads. Moreover, as a shortcircuit affects only the local circuit, a non-urgent alarm is adequate.
  • a power supply system comprising a low current power source, at least one load circuit supplied by said low current power source, fuse means in said load circuit, said fuse means requiring more current to operate than is supplied by said low current source, a high current power source normally not connected to said load circuit, means responsive to an overload condition at said load circuit for connecting said high current power source to said fuse to operate said fuse to remove said overloaded circuit from said system, and means for charging said high current source from said low current source when said high current source potential falls below a predetermined value.
  • a power supply system comprising a plurality of first power means for individually supplying a first electric current at a first voltage to a plurality of load circuits associated with each 'of said first power means, fuse means individual to each of said load circuits, said fuse means requiring more current to operate than is supplied by said first power means, auxiliary power means common to said plurality of first power means, said auxiliary power means operating at a second voltage that is less than said first voltage and capable of supplying a second electric current that is larger than said first electric current, and first connecting means individual to each of said first power means operated responsive to a decrease in said first voltage to the value of said second voltage to connect said common auxiliary power means to said load circuits associated with said first power means, for a time sufficient to melt the fuse individual to an overloaded circuit.
  • said first connecting means comprises first uni-directional impedance means.
  • said second connecting means comprises potentiometer 5 means bridging said first power means and second unidirectional impedance means connected to be normally conductive from a tapping point on said potentiometer to said auxiliary power means.
  • auxiliary power means comprises a high current battery maintained in a charged condition by current supplied through said second unidirectional impedance means.
  • auxiliary power means comprises a capacitor maintained in a charged condition by current supplied through said second unidirectional impedance means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
US263185A 1962-03-21 1963-03-06 Fuse protection system with an auxiliary high current voltage source for selective disconnection of loads under fault conditions Expired - Lifetime US3262018A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL276219A NL276219A (en)) 1962-03-21 1962-03-21

Publications (1)

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US3262018A true US3262018A (en) 1966-07-19

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US263185A Expired - Lifetime US3262018A (en) 1962-03-21 1963-03-06 Fuse protection system with an auxiliary high current voltage source for selective disconnection of loads under fault conditions

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3262018A (en))
BE (1) BE629872A (en))
CH (1) CH411099A (en))
DE (1) DE1164550B (en))
ES (1) ES286019A1 (en))
GB (1) GB998012A (en))
NL (1) NL276219A (en))

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3386007A (en) * 1965-07-22 1968-05-28 Sprague Electric Co Multi-shot voltage sensitive switch for protecting components or circuits subject tovariable voltage conditions
US3419779A (en) * 1965-08-09 1968-12-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp System for removing a bad battery from charging circuit
US3423637A (en) * 1965-06-24 1969-01-21 Int Standard Electric Corp Control of a relay chain circuit
US3500152A (en) * 1967-06-06 1970-03-10 Ind Electronics Inc Remote control receiver for operating a motor with a superregenerative detector,bandpass amplifier and dc motor drive amplifier
US3631264A (en) * 1970-02-11 1971-12-28 Sybron Corp Intrinsically safe electrical barrier system and improvements therein
US3784841A (en) * 1972-02-19 1974-01-08 Nissan Motor Electric power supply system
US3858087A (en) * 1973-06-19 1974-12-31 Cml Macarr Inc Circuit for prolonging the life of fluorescent lamps
US4145618A (en) * 1977-09-15 1979-03-20 Wabco Westinghouse Arrangement for providing auxiliary energy source for static inverter used with traction motor drive during power interruption
US4795914A (en) * 1986-12-26 1989-01-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power supply circuit with backup function
NL2003410C2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-01 Emforce B V Device and method to protect an electric power distribution network against current faults.
US20140307358A1 (en) * 2013-04-11 2014-10-16 International Business Machines Corporation Battery Circuit Fault Protection in Uninterruptable Power Sources
WO2019115508A1 (en) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-20 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Fault clearing circuitry
US11118363B1 (en) 2020-03-13 2021-09-14 Darrell Allen Saddle tie-back fall protection anchor

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2314017A (en) * 1940-02-08 1943-03-16 Ralph R Pittman Power directional fused network
US2383327A (en) * 1941-11-07 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical system
US2882452A (en) * 1957-12-30 1959-04-14 Standard Electric Time Co Supervised control circuit means
US3060351A (en) * 1959-10-12 1962-10-23 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Voltage responsive control circuit
US3207957A (en) * 1962-05-23 1965-09-21 Cts Of Canada Ltd Safety control circuit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2314017A (en) * 1940-02-08 1943-03-16 Ralph R Pittman Power directional fused network
US2383327A (en) * 1941-11-07 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical system
US2882452A (en) * 1957-12-30 1959-04-14 Standard Electric Time Co Supervised control circuit means
US3060351A (en) * 1959-10-12 1962-10-23 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Voltage responsive control circuit
US3207957A (en) * 1962-05-23 1965-09-21 Cts Of Canada Ltd Safety control circuit

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423637A (en) * 1965-06-24 1969-01-21 Int Standard Electric Corp Control of a relay chain circuit
US3386007A (en) * 1965-07-22 1968-05-28 Sprague Electric Co Multi-shot voltage sensitive switch for protecting components or circuits subject tovariable voltage conditions
US3419779A (en) * 1965-08-09 1968-12-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp System for removing a bad battery from charging circuit
US3500152A (en) * 1967-06-06 1970-03-10 Ind Electronics Inc Remote control receiver for operating a motor with a superregenerative detector,bandpass amplifier and dc motor drive amplifier
US3631264A (en) * 1970-02-11 1971-12-28 Sybron Corp Intrinsically safe electrical barrier system and improvements therein
US3784841A (en) * 1972-02-19 1974-01-08 Nissan Motor Electric power supply system
US3858087A (en) * 1973-06-19 1974-12-31 Cml Macarr Inc Circuit for prolonging the life of fluorescent lamps
US4145618A (en) * 1977-09-15 1979-03-20 Wabco Westinghouse Arrangement for providing auxiliary energy source for static inverter used with traction motor drive during power interruption
US4795914A (en) * 1986-12-26 1989-01-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power supply circuit with backup function
NL2003410C2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-01 Emforce B V Device and method to protect an electric power distribution network against current faults.
EP2290774A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-02 EMforce B.V. Device and method to protect an electric power distribution network against current faults
NL2006296A (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-10 Emforce B V Device to protect an electric power distribution network against current faults.
EP2306607A3 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-05-04 EMforce B.V. Device and method to protect an electric power distribution network against current faults
US20140307358A1 (en) * 2013-04-11 2014-10-16 International Business Machines Corporation Battery Circuit Fault Protection in Uninterruptable Power Sources
US9608430B2 (en) * 2013-04-11 2017-03-28 International Business Machines Corporation Battery circuit fault protection in uninterruptable power sources
WO2019115508A1 (en) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-20 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Fault clearing circuitry
US11258247B2 (en) 2017-12-11 2022-02-22 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Fault clearing circuitry
US11118363B1 (en) 2020-03-13 2021-09-14 Darrell Allen Saddle tie-back fall protection anchor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE629872A (en)) 1963-10-21
ES286019A1 (es) 1963-10-16
CH411099A (de) 1966-04-15
NL276219A (en)) 1964-10-12
GB998012A (en) 1965-07-14
DE1164550B (de) 1964-03-05

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