US3259790A - Beam tube and magnetic circuit therefor - Google Patents

Beam tube and magnetic circuit therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3259790A
US3259790A US135323A US13532361A US3259790A US 3259790 A US3259790 A US 3259790A US 135323 A US135323 A US 135323A US 13532361 A US13532361 A US 13532361A US 3259790 A US3259790 A US 3259790A
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
pole piece
tube
collector
electron gun
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Expired - Lifetime
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US135323A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arthur A Goldfinger
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Varian Medical Systems Inc
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Varian Associates Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL282676D priority Critical patent/NL282676A/xx
Application filed by Varian Associates Inc filed Critical Varian Associates Inc
Priority to US135323A priority patent/US3259790A/en
Priority to CH990762A priority patent/CH427051A/fr
Priority to FR908083A priority patent/FR1336472A/fr
Priority to GB33165/62A priority patent/GB1019743A/en
Priority to DEE23458A priority patent/DE1294567B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3259790A publication Critical patent/US3259790A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H01J23/065—Electron or ion guns producing a solid cylindrical beam
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/029—Schematic arrangements for beam forming

Definitions

  • electrostatic field lines of a particular pattern of distribution may be produced to control the electrostatic convergence of the electrons emitted from the cathode.
  • conventional beam tubes such as klystrons and traveling wave tubes
  • the cathode, focus electrode and accelerating anode cooperate to converge the beam in the proper ratio.
  • the pattern of distribution of the magnetic lines of force between the electron gun and the pole piece may be controlled by the size of the aperture in the pole piece, the association of magnetic means with the electron gun, and the transverse and axial interrelationship of pole piece aperture with the magnetic means. It is therefore another object of this invention to provide means for establishing a cooperative transverse and axial relationship between the pole piece aperture and magnetic means associated with the electron gun so as to adjustably control the pattern of distribution of the magnetic lines of force.
  • the main magnetic circuit In the operation of beam tubes such as klystrons and traveling wave tubes which utilize a magnetic field to confine the electron beam, it is important that the main magnetic circuit provide only a single gap corresponding in length and placement to the path followed by the electron beam. For maximum concentration of the magnetic field in this gap, it is desirable that the re-' mainder of the magnetic lines of force be contained within a low reluctance path composed of soft ferromagnetic material. In a structure where the axially spaced pole pieces are annular, such a low reluctance path would ideally take the form of a ferromagnetic cylinder extending between the pole pieces.
  • the invention comprises an electron tube and magnetic circuitry therefor, both the tube and circuitry embodying novel elements cooperating to increase the operating stability and output efiiciency of the apparatus.
  • the beam tube chosen for illustration comprises a klystron tube having an electron gun, a radio frequency interaction section including resonant cavities, and a collector electrode for collecting the beam of elec- It is trons projected through the tube for interaction with the cavities.
  • This tube assembly including the resonant cavities, even where these are of the external type, is inserted through centrally disposed and axially aligned apertures in spaced magnetic pole pieces having their outer peripheral portions connected by ferromagnetic means such as spaced posts and/or plates to form a magnetic frame. These posts and plates form a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux generated by appropriate magnetic coils supported on the frame. Energizing the coils establishes a strong tubular magnetic field between the pole pieces coaxially disposed with respect to the pole piece apertures.
  • Such magnetic tube is utilized to counteract the space charge effect of the electrons forming the beam, and it is important that the tube of magnetic flux be coaxially aligned with the electron tube axis and the electron beam projected therethrough.
  • the diameter of the apertures in the pole pieces is determined by the diameter of the structure which must pass therethrough. This results in the aperture in the pole piece adjacent the electron gun having an appreciable diameter, which gives rise to considerable leakage of magnetic flux into the region surrounding the aperture and lying between the pole piece and the electron gun.
  • the invention in one of its aspects therefore comprises the conception of method and means for causing the magnetic flux in the region between the electron gun and the adjacent pole pieces to assume a pattern of distribution conforming to the trajectories of the electrons in this region.
  • the method utilized involves securing termination of the magnetic leakage flux in a region adjacent the cathode so as to produce threading of the cathode by lines of magnetic force arranged in a pattern conforming to the ideal trajectories of the electrons.
  • the method is accomplished by providing an adjustable magnetic lens including an auxiliary pole piece in close association with the cathode, and a pole piece extension adjustably mounted in respect to the auxiliary pole piece, to enable lateral displacement of the leakage flux axis to align the electron trajectories with the tube axis.
  • the pole piece extension determines the ultimate size of the pole piece aperture and the quantum of magnetic flux leakage, and size and placement of the inner periphery of the pole piece extension cooperate with the auxiliary pole piece to control the pattern of distribution and transverse displacement of the magnetic leakage flux in the gap between the auxiliary pole piece and the adjustable pole piece extension, and to provide means for aligning the beam with the main magnetic field, which is itself centered or aligned with the tube structure.
  • Means are also provided independent of the adjustable pole piece extension for mechanically supporting the tube coaxially with the magnetic frame.
  • the invention involves the provision of magnetic frame means forming a low reluctance path for magnetic flux through the magnetic frame while permitting convenient access to the interior of the frame from outside thereof.
  • Such means comprises a magnetic frame having sections forming a substantially complete enclosure about the magnetic coils, and provided with access apertures therein selectively covered or uncovered by appropriate door means forming a part of the magnetic frame enclosure.
  • Such enclosure ensures that the beam-confining magnetic field will be of optimum effectiveness, and that a maximum percentage of beam electrons reach the collector.
  • the collector preferably comprises a hollow metallic block the interior of which communicates hermetically with the interior of the interaction section.
  • a multiplicity of passageways formed in the outer periphery of the collector block cooperate with a shell fitted therearound in a fluid-tight manner and a detachable jacket having appropriate inlet and outlet means to guide the flow of a fluid coolant about the collector.
  • FIGURE 1 is an elevational view illustrating in greatly reduced scale the beam tube and magnetic circuit therefor.
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1, portions being broken away to reveal the underlying structure enabling centering or transverse adjustment of the pole piece extension on the frame, and the doors giving access to the interior of the frame.
  • FIGURE 3 is a vertical sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line 3-3 in FIGURE 2, and illustrating the inter-relationship of the auxiliary pole piece and main pole piece extension forming the magnetic lens according to this invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a vertical sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line 44 in FIGURE 1, and illustrating the inter-relationship of collector, collector water jacket and lower pole piece.
  • FIGURE 5 is a schematic view illustrating the approximate pattern of distribution of magnetic lines of force in a conventional klystron.
  • FIGURE 6 is a schematic view illustrating the effect on the pattern of distribution of the magnetic lines of force of orienting an auxiliary magnetic pole piece adjacent the cathode.
  • FIGURE 7 is a view similar to FIGURE 6 and illustrating the effect on the pattern of distribution of the magnetic lines of force of the cooperation between the auxil- 1ary magnetic pole piece and the adjustable pole piece extension.
  • the operation of a klystron amplifier necessitates projection of an elongated beam of electrons between the generating source of electrons and a collector thereof.
  • the electron beam interacts with a radio frequency interaction structure in a manner to amplify radio frequency signals.
  • Such interaction structures are often quite long, and impose the problem of preventing the electron beam from dispersing in the area between its point of generation and point of collection due to the inherent space charge effect.
  • electron beam tubes are commonly supported in a magnetic structure or frame which cooperates with magnetic field producing coils to confine the electron beam along a predetermined axis.
  • auxiliary magnetic coils interposed between the main magnetic field and the source of the electron beam.
  • auxiliary magnetic coils interposed between the main magnetic field and the source of the electron beam.
  • the purpose of the auxiliary coil is to establish an auxiliary magnetic field through which the beam must pass before entering the main magnetic field, so as to precisely guide the electron beam into the main magnetic field. It was thought that if the beam were guided into the main magnetic field so that the axis of the beam and the axis of the main magnetic field coincided very closely, such scalloping of the electron beam in the main magnetic field would be obviated. It has been found that such scalloping of the beam still occurs; however, not to such an extent as without the auxiliary magnetic coil.
  • one way to prevent such scalloping of the beam is to allow a portion of the main magnetic field to project in a controlled manner between the main field and the generating source of electrons.
  • the lines of magnetic force in this region closely coincide or match the trajectories of the electrons emanating from the source and being converged by the electrostatic means, the elec trons will not have a radial velocity component imposed on them, and they will therefore not have the tendency to scallop as they proceed through the magnetic conduit formed by the main magnetic field.
  • a test showed that over 99% of the electron beam was passing through the interaction structure without impinging thereon.
  • the invention as embodied with respect to a klystron amplifier tube comprises an electron gun 2 integrally and hermetically connected to one end of the radio frequency interaction section 3, including resonant cavities 4, and a collector electrode 6 integrally and hermetically connected to the end of the radio frequency section remote from the electron gun.
  • the resonant cavities 4, including drift tube portions 7 and interaction gaps 8, interact with the beam in a well known manner for klystron tubes.
  • the tube so constituted, with resonators attached is suspended or otherwise supported in a magnetic frame 9.
  • the magnetic frame comprises upper and lower pole pieces 12 and 13, respectively, each conveniently fabricated from a substantially rectangular plate of magnetic material, and provided with large central apertures 14 and 16, respectively.
  • the pole pieces 12 and 13 are held in spaced parallel relation by a plurality of columns or posts 17 interposed between the pole pieces and connected thereto adjacent the outer peripheries thereof.
  • the interconnection between the pole pieces and the columns or posts is preferably a detachable one, but one providing a low reluctance path for the flow of magnetic flux lines therebetween.
  • an axially extending cylindrical support 19 secured at one end to the pole piece.
  • the tube When the tube is assembled in the magnetic frame, the tube is lowered into the frame from above with the collector at the lower end of the tube.
  • the collector passes through tubular support 19, and the upper end of the tubular support is adapted to engage a projection or abutment on the tube body so as to rigidly support the tube in the frame.
  • the interaction section of the klystron lies spaced between axially spaced pole pieces 12 and 13, and electron gun 2 extends on the opposite side of pole piec 12, but closely adjacent thereto.
  • pole piece portion 12 is provided with a pole piece extension 18 (FIGURE 2) which preferably comprises an annular steel plate having its outer peripheral portion 20 detachably secured adjacent the inner periphery 21 of pole piece portion 12. Such interconnection is conveniently eflfected by means of thumb screws 22.
  • pole piece extension 18 is preferably formed in two semi-circular parts which, when corresponding edges are abutted, form a complete annulus about the axis of the tube. Formation of the pole piece extension in two parts is necessary because the inner peripheral edge 23 of the extension is smaller in diameter than the outside diameter of the electron gun closely adjacent thereto.
  • the inner peripheral edge portion 23 of the pole piece extension is preferably rabbeted, and provides a seat for peripheral edge portion 26 of brass insert 27, the inner periphery 28 of which lies closely about neck 29 of the tube.
  • the insert is preferably split diametrically into two sections as with pole piece extension 13. From this it Will be seen that elements 12, 18 and 27 coact to retain the upper end of the tube coaxially aligned with the tubular support on the lower pole piece 13.
  • aplurality of coils 31 are provided supported on columns or posts 17.
  • Suitable cantilever support braces 32 radjustably mounted on each of the posts 17 underlie the coils and provide support therefor.
  • the coils are of course arranged coaxially about the axis of the tube.
  • doors 33 extending between the upper and lower pole pieces functions both to provide a low reluctance magnetic path between the pole pieces, in addition to the posts, and provides selective access to the interior of the frame.
  • doors may be placed on all four sides of the frame to provide easy access thereinto from any direction.
  • auxiliary pole piece 41 associated with the electron gun
  • an adjustable auxiliary pole piece extension 42 movably supported on magnetic pole piece extension 18 adjacent its inner periphery, and formed from a pair of complementary plates, the inner arcuate edge portions of which overlap the outer edge portion of brass insert 27 to lock the brass plate in .position.
  • FIGURE 3 This construction, embodied in a practical structure, is shown in FIGURE 3 and comprises electron gun 2 having a metallic base plate 45, to which is hermetically united one end of a cylindrical dielectric shell 47.
  • the structure incorporates a radially inwardly extending plate 48 having a large central aperture 49, and adapted to adjustably support detachably, adjacent its inner pe riphery, a modulating anode 51. Adjustability of the modulating anode is important because it allows exact alignment of the aperture therein with the cathode and focus electrode.
  • a second tubular dielectric envelope portion 52 is provided, having its end remote from plate 48 integrally and hermetically united to the interaction section of the tube.
  • a metallic support shell 53 having a cylindrical portion 54 and a conical base portion 56.
  • a flange 57 on the conical base portion is suitably attached to base 46 by screws 58.
  • Extending from cylindrical portion 54 is a support shell extension 59, one end of which is spot welded to cylindrical portion 54, and the other end of which is provided with a conical section 61 and an integral cylindrical extension 62 spot welded to the peripheral edge of cathode 63.
  • the diameter of the cathode is somewhate smaller than the diameter of shell extension 59, and is thermally shielded therefrom by auxiliary shell 64 extending from the peripheral edge of the cathode.
  • shell 64 is appropriately spot welded to the peripheral edge of a transversely extending heat shield disk 66.
  • This disk is preferably concave in form so as to direct heat back toward the cathode, and cooperates with other transversely extending heat shields to support the heater coil 67 in heat transfer relation with the cathode.
  • Suitable leads 68 and 69 connect opposite ends of the heater coils to an appropriate source of power outside the envelope.
  • a focus electrode support cylinder 71 having a plurality of apertures 72 thereon to reduce the amount of metal through which heat may be conducted to the focus electrode.
  • Adjacent one end of cylindrical support 71 is provided a focus electrode having an intermediate portion 73 spot Welded to the end portion of shell 71, and having a conically tapered portion 74 extending into close proximity to the outer periphery of the cathode.
  • the spacing between the adjacent edges of the focus electrode and cathode is preferably in the range of .020", while the free end of the focus electrode is provided with a rolledover edge portion 76 as shown.
  • I provide an auxiliary cylindrical heat shield 77 surrounding the focus electrode and shell 59 in the region of the apertures 72, and having one end spot welded to shell 59.
  • the other end of cylinder 77 is free to permit thermal expansion and contraction without danger of stressing or straining related structure as a result thereof. traction is minimal, however, because of the nature of support shell 71, and because of the interception of heat by shell 77 and its conductance back to shell 59.
  • a radially extending annular plate 78 mounted at its inner periphery to cylindrical shell 54.
  • Plate 78 serves to detachably support the flanged end 79 of an auxiliary pole piece 81.
  • Pole piece 81 is fabricated from ferromagnetic material preferably in a hollow cylindrical conformation closely surrounding support shell 59, and at one end extending under the rolled-over edge portion 76 of the focus electrode. This end of the auxiliary pole piece is therefore securely held by the focus electrode, while the other end is detachably connected to support plate 78.
  • auxiliary pole piece 81 in FIG- URE 3 corresponds to the same element shown schematically in FIGURES 6 and 7 and designated by the reference number 41.
  • auxiliary pole piece 81 extends on both sides of the cathode. In operation, therefore, when the magnetic circuit is energized, the magnetic field leaks through the aperture in pole piece extension 18, and many of the magnetic lines of force terminate on [auxiliary pole piece 81. In being so forced out of their natural pattern of distribution, the magnetic field lines are caused to closely align themselves with the trajectories of the electrons emanating from the cathode. This correspondence is selectively controlled and increased by the movable plate 42, which may be adjusted at will into a desired correlation with auxiliary pole piece 811 to control the passage of the beam into the drift tube.
  • the energy remaining in the beam after passage through the interaction structure is dissipated as heat which is conventionally effected by causing coolant fluid to flow over the collector surfaces.
  • heat which is conventionally effected by causing coolant fluid to flow over the collector surfaces.
  • a thin shell normally brazed over the lands which are formed between the grooves channels the coolant fluid through the grooves over the entire length of the collector, until it exits through an outlet aperture.
  • this problem has been obviated by providing a collector block 86 This amount of expansion and conwith a multiplicity of spiral channels 87 over which is detachably mounted a shell 88, secured as by means of one or more screws 89 at one end thereof.
  • the shell at its end remote from the interaction section of the tube is provided with a conical portion 91 having an open truncated apex end 92 lying closely adjacent closed end 93 of the collector block.
  • Encircled about shell 88 at the intersection of the conical portion 91 and cylindrical portion 88 is an O-ring bracket 94.
  • the O-ring bracket is brazed to shell 88, and is provided in its outer peripheral surface with an annular groove 96 adapted to receive a rubber O-ring 97.
  • the open end of the collector block is provided with a radially extending mounting flange 98, having in one surface thereof an annular channel 99 adapted to receive a second O-ring 101.
  • the collector block assembly is inserted into hollow collector jacket shell 102 having an open end 103 and a closed end 104.
  • the open end of collector shell 102 is provided with a radially outwardly extending flange 106 having apertures 107 therein.
  • flange 106 When assembled with the collector block assembly, flange 106 abuts mounting flange 98. Such abutment has the effect of compressing rand sealably deforming O-ring '101 between the two flanges which are then retained in sealed relation by cap screws 108.
  • O-ring 97 In the assembly of shell 88 within the jacket 102, O-ring 97 seated in its channel lies sealingly interposed between the two shells and serves to coaxially space the shells with relation to each other.
  • the O-ring also lies spaced axially between inlet and outlet apertures 109 and 11'12, respectively, in shell 102 and serves as a fluid-tight baffie to guide coolant fluid first through aperture 92 in the apex end of conical portion 91 of shell 88.
  • the inlet and outlet apertures 109 and 112 are provided with suitable fittings 113 for connection to appropriate conduits.
  • cool-ant entering aperture 109 fills the chamber 114 between conical portion 91 and shell 102. From this chamber it progresses through aperture 92 and flows around the collector end 93, and progresses through spiral passages 87 to the upper end of the collector. The coolant then spill-s out of the spiral channels 87 into the space between shell 88 and jacket 102 and exits through outlet aperture 1112. It will thus be apparent that when it becomes necessary to clean the grooves or spiral channels in the collector block, cap screws 108 may be removed and the outer jacket 102 detached from the collector block assembly. Next, screws 89 are removed and the cylindrical shell 88 is slipped from the collector block, thus exposing the channels 87 which may then be cleaned in any appropriate manner. Such facility to clean the coolant passages ensures that the efiiciency of the collector to dissipate heat will be maintained for the life of the tube.
  • Electron beam generating apparatus comprising a beam tube having an electron gun including an energizable cathode and anode to project and accelerate a beam of electrons and a collector electrode to intercept the beam, a magnetic frame about the tube between the electron gun and collector having first and second apertured ferromagnetic pole pieces adjacent the electron gun and collector, respectively, and including magnetic means establishing lines of magnetic force between the cathode and said first pole piece, means associated with the electron gun on the side of said anode remote from said first apertured pole piece and cooperating with said first apertured pole piece to control the pattern of distribution of said lines of magnetic force, and said first apertured pole piece comprising a first portion fixed with respect to the tube and a second portion selectively movable with respect to said means associated with the electron gun.
  • said means associated with the electron gun comprises a tubular auxiliary pole piece and said second portion of the first pole piece comprises an apertured plate extending transverse to the axis of said tubular auxiliary pole piece.
  • an electron gun comprising a tubular dielectric envelope portion, an end plate hermetically closing one end of the tubular dielectric envelope portion, beam forming electrodes supported within the envelope portion and including an energizable cathode and focus electrode, an accelerating anode supported on the end of said dielectric envelope portion remote from said end plate, and a body of ferromagnetic material within the envelope portion closely adjacent said cathode and focus electrode, said body of ferromagnetic material being separated from said accelerating anode and located between said accelerating anode and said end plate, said end plate constituting a base plate, and said cathode and focus electrode being detachably supported on the base plate.
  • said ferromagnetic body comprises a tube closely surrounding the cathode and focus electrode.
  • a collector assembly comprising a hollow metallic collector block, a hollow outer shell closed at one end and open at the other end, threaded clamp means detachably holding said outer shell, arranged about the collector block in radially spaced relation thereto, an inner shell open at both ends arranged about the collector block threaded clamp means detachably connecting said inner shell to said collector block, the open ends of the inner shell communicating the interior of the inner shell with the interior of the hollow outer shell, and means interposed between the collector block and inner shell and between the inner shell and hollow outer shell cooperating with said shells to define inlet and outlet passages for circulation of a fluid coolant about said collector block.
  • said means interposed between the inner and outer shells includes a fluid-tight seal ring fixed intermediate the ends of the inner and outer shells.
  • Electron beam generating apparatus comprising in combination a beam tube having an electron gun including a cathode and a heater therefor, a focus electrode, and an anode providing an electrostatic convergence field to project, converge and accelerate a beam of electrons, a collector spaced along the beam axis from said gun to intercept said beam of electrons, an electron beam interaction section positioned between said anode and said collector, magnetic circuit generating means for said beam apparatus, said magnetic generating means comprising magnetic coil means and magnetic field guiding frame means including a first apertured magnetic pole piece positioned adjacent said gun between said gun and said collector and spaced a substantial distance from said cathode toward said collector, a second magnetic pole piece adjacent said collector, and magnetic conductor means interconnecting said pole pieces, said magnetic circuit generating means being located entirely on the collector side of said gun whereby substantially the only magnetic field in the cathode region is the stray field which emanates from the aperture in said first pole piece, and field shaping means for shaping said stray field to coincide with the trajectory of electrons
  • a frame constituting a magnetic circuit for beam tubes comprising a pair of axially spaced centrally apertured pole pieces through which a beam tube may extend, a plurality of ferromagnetic posts extending between outer peripheral portions of said pole pieces and forming a part of the magnetic circuit, a plurality of energizable coils detachably supported on said posts and adjustable into coaxial alignment with said pole piece apertures to establish a magnetic field therebetween when said coils are energized, and a multiplicity of plates of ferromagnetic material extending lengthwise between and magnetically interconnecting said pole pieces to normally enclose the frame and coils, at least one of said plates being pivotally mounted for movement to give access to the interior of the frame.
  • one of said pole pieces includes a first portion fixed with respect to said posts and a second portion constituting an extension of said first pole piece portion and selectively movable thereon to transversely adjust the location of the pole piece aperture with respect to said beam tube.

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US135323A 1961-08-31 1961-08-31 Beam tube and magnetic circuit therefor Expired - Lifetime US3259790A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL282676D NL282676A (de) 1961-08-31
US135323A US3259790A (en) 1961-08-31 1961-08-31 Beam tube and magnetic circuit therefor
CH990762A CH427051A (fr) 1961-08-31 1962-08-20 Générateur de faisceau électronique
FR908083A FR1336472A (fr) 1961-08-31 1962-08-29 Appareil électronique à faisceau dirigé
GB33165/62A GB1019743A (en) 1961-08-31 1962-08-29 An electron beam tube
DEE23458A DE1294567B (de) 1961-08-31 1962-08-30 Laufzeitroehre mit magnetischem Laengsfeld und ferromagnetischem Rahmen

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US135323A US3259790A (en) 1961-08-31 1961-08-31 Beam tube and magnetic circuit therefor

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US3259790A true US3259790A (en) 1966-07-05

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US (1) US3259790A (de)
CH (1) CH427051A (de)
DE (1) DE1294567B (de)
GB (1) GB1019743A (de)
NL (1) NL282676A (de)

Cited By (12)

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US3331984A (en) * 1963-01-22 1967-07-18 Varian Associates Magnetic field shaping cylinder for confined flow electron guns
US3626230A (en) * 1969-10-02 1971-12-07 Varian Associates Thermally conductive electrical insulator for electron beam collectors
US3679929A (en) * 1970-12-02 1972-07-25 Litton Systems Inc Ceramic ball insulated depressed collector for a microwave tube
US3798499A (en) * 1971-11-02 1974-03-19 Siemens Ag Disc-sealed electron discharge tubes
US3866085A (en) * 1973-12-03 1975-02-11 Varian Associates Collector pole piece for a microwave linear beam tube
US3886384A (en) * 1974-02-04 1975-05-27 Raytheon Co Collector electrode
US4057749A (en) * 1975-04-03 1977-11-08 English Electric Valve Company Ltd. Travelling wave tube having an improved magnetic focussing field
US4555646A (en) * 1981-10-07 1985-11-26 Varian Associates, Inc. Adjustable beam permanent-magnet-focused linear-beam microwave tube
US5374873A (en) * 1991-06-14 1994-12-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gyrotron apparatus having vibration absorbing means
US20060181186A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 E2V Technologies (Uk) Limited Magnetic assembly for a linear beam tube
US20070215459A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Krzeminski Paul A Liquid cooling system for linear beam device electrodes
FR3128353A1 (fr) * 2021-10-14 2023-04-21 Thales Système électronique muni d'un circuit de refroidissement à fluide caloporteur

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DE893990C (de) * 1951-10-02 1953-10-22 Telefunken Gmbh Fokalisator fuer Lauffeldroehren
GB853668A (en) * 1956-03-06 1960-11-09 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube apparatus

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US2829299A (en) * 1949-08-12 1958-04-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge devices
US2687490A (en) * 1949-09-22 1954-08-24 Sperry Corp High-frequency beam tube device
US2608668A (en) * 1950-06-17 1952-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically focused electron gun
US2879440A (en) * 1953-07-27 1959-03-24 Varian Associates High frequency tube
US2928972A (en) * 1954-04-09 1960-03-15 Varian Associates Electron tube apparatus
US2936394A (en) * 1955-07-18 1960-05-10 Hughes Aircraft Co Electron gun
US2991391A (en) * 1957-07-24 1961-07-04 Varian Associates Electron beam discharge apparatus
US2909691A (en) * 1958-10-17 1959-10-20 Heil Oskar Electron guns with magnetic focusing
US3104338A (en) * 1960-06-27 1963-09-17 Varian Associates Ribbed collector for cooling klystrons
US3155866A (en) * 1961-03-14 1964-11-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic focusing structure for traveling wave tubes

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331984A (en) * 1963-01-22 1967-07-18 Varian Associates Magnetic field shaping cylinder for confined flow electron guns
US3626230A (en) * 1969-10-02 1971-12-07 Varian Associates Thermally conductive electrical insulator for electron beam collectors
US3679929A (en) * 1970-12-02 1972-07-25 Litton Systems Inc Ceramic ball insulated depressed collector for a microwave tube
US3798499A (en) * 1971-11-02 1974-03-19 Siemens Ag Disc-sealed electron discharge tubes
US3866085A (en) * 1973-12-03 1975-02-11 Varian Associates Collector pole piece for a microwave linear beam tube
US3886384A (en) * 1974-02-04 1975-05-27 Raytheon Co Collector electrode
US4057749A (en) * 1975-04-03 1977-11-08 English Electric Valve Company Ltd. Travelling wave tube having an improved magnetic focussing field
US4555646A (en) * 1981-10-07 1985-11-26 Varian Associates, Inc. Adjustable beam permanent-magnet-focused linear-beam microwave tube
US5374873A (en) * 1991-06-14 1994-12-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gyrotron apparatus having vibration absorbing means
US20060181186A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 E2V Technologies (Uk) Limited Magnetic assembly for a linear beam tube
US7579779B2 (en) * 2005-02-11 2009-08-25 E2V Technologies (Uk) Limited Pivotable magnetic assembly for allowing insertion or removal of a linear beam tube
US20070215459A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Krzeminski Paul A Liquid cooling system for linear beam device electrodes
US8872057B2 (en) * 2006-03-15 2014-10-28 Communications & Power Industries Llc Liquid cooling system for linear beam device electrodes
FR3128353A1 (fr) * 2021-10-14 2023-04-21 Thales Système électronique muni d'un circuit de refroidissement à fluide caloporteur
US11871504B2 (en) 2021-10-14 2024-01-09 Thales Electronic system equipped with a heat-transport fluid cooling circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH427051A (fr) 1966-12-31
GB1019743A (en) 1966-02-09
DE1294567B (de) 1969-05-08
NL282676A (de)

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