US3257531A - Synchronized circuit interrupter with shunting impedance contacts - Google Patents

Synchronized circuit interrupter with shunting impedance contacts Download PDF

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Publication number
US3257531A
US3257531A US134655A US13465561A US3257531A US 3257531 A US3257531 A US 3257531A US 134655 A US134655 A US 134655A US 13465561 A US13465561 A US 13465561A US 3257531 A US3257531 A US 3257531A
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Prior art keywords
current
circuit
synchronous
contact
contacts
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Expired - Lifetime
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US134655A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kesselring Fritz
Gisiger Ernst
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Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/44—Devices for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle

Definitions

  • This invention relates to synchronized circuit interrupters in general and, more particularly, to improved synchronized circuit interrupters involving improved contact-operating arrangements.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved synchronized circuit-interrupting structure in which a pair of synchronous operators are employed, one of the synchronous operators being applicable to a moderate overload current level, whereas the other synchronous operator is applicable to a high-fault-current condition, the arrangement being selectively operable.
  • Still a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved synchronized circuit-interrupting structure of simplified construction and readily adaptable for low-voltage application.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved fluid-blast circuitdnterrupting structure involving a pair of main contact structures and a shunting impedance means having series auxiliary contacts to reduce the rate of rise of the recovery voltage across the main contact structure to enable the circuitinterruptnig structure to interrupt higher power circuits.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view taken through a synchronized circuit-interrupting structure embodying principles of the present invention, the contact structure being illustrated in the closed-circuit position;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken through a modified-type synchronous circuit-interrupting structure, the contact structure being illustrated in the closed-circuit position;
  • FIG. 3A is a detailed view of the manual operator for the synchronous interrupting device of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional plan view of the synchronized circuit-interrupting structure of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken through a fluid-blast type of synchronized circuit-interrupting structure, the contact structures being illustrated in the closedcircuit position;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view through the circuit-interrupting structure of FIG. 5 substantially along the line VI VI thereof.
  • the present invention is particularly concerned with the use in synchronized circuit-interrupting structures of systems employing moving coils energized by the alternating current, which may serve as the tripping means, or opening means for such interrupting devices.
  • the moving coils may actuate, for example, latches, valves, compressed gas rotary slide valves, or similar type structures.
  • it is suflicient if the moving coil produces a torque of, for example, 0.1 cmkp. (centimeter-kilopond).
  • Theoretical and experimental investigations lead to a surprising result, namely that the torque alternating current moving coil system increases with the fifth power of the linear dimension-s of the system.
  • a torque of approximately 200 cmkp. can be produced by feeding a short-circuit current of approximately 10,000 amperes into a rectangular copper coil having dimensions of 3 centimeters by 7 centimeters.
  • synchronous circuit-interrupting structures are characterized in that an inductance system, energized from the breaker current and consisting of at least one movable element, such as a rotating coil element, may be employed as the driving mechanism for the movable circuit breaker parts.
  • the contact separation it will be desirable to arrange the contact separation so that it takes places only when the circuit current is decreasing on the descending portion of the alternating-current wave, whether the circuit current is symmetrical, or asymmetrical, or whether it is a reverse current in a direct-current installation.
  • the reference numeral 1 generally designates a synchronous-type circuit-interrupting structure.
  • the circuit interrupter 1 includes a pair of line terminal studs 2, 3 having relatively stationary contacts 4, 5 at their inner, or confronting ends.
  • the reference numerals 6, 7 generally designate laminated iron, or magnetic systems which surround the line terminal studs 2, 3 respectively.
  • the iron cores 6, 7 are provided with cylindrical bores 8, 9, concentrically of which are arranged the cores 10, 11.
  • the rectangular coils 12, 13 revolve on their shafts 14, 15 on suitable journal supports, such as ball bearing supports 16, 17, 18 and 19, for example.
  • the housing structure 22 for the circuit interrupter 1 may be comprised of a pair of cylindrical halves 23, 24 having flange portions 25, 26 which abut a suitable gasket member 27, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the interior of the housing structure 22 is filled with a suitable arcextinguishing medium, for example oil, or sulfur-hexafluoride (SP gas.
  • the magnetic cores 10, 11 form an air gap which is larger in the case of the magnetic system 6 than in the case ofthe magnetic system 7.
  • the magnetic system 6 is provided with more turns on the coil 12.
  • Biasing means 28, assuming the form of a toroidal spring coil holds the movable bridging contact 21 normally in an open-circuit position, whereas biasing means 29, assuming the form of a toroidal spring coil, biases the bridging contact 2t), under normal operating conditions, against the stationary contacts 4, 5.
  • biasing means 29 assuming the form of a toroidal spring coil
  • the synchronized circuit-interrupting structure functions in the following manner: In case of moderate overcurrents, the diminishing or decreasing main current induces in the moving coil 13 a secondary current which moves the movable bridging contact 20 into the open-circuit position. Upon the instant that the diminishing circuit current passes through its zero value, the arc is extinguished, and the movable bridging contact 20 is held in the open-circuit position by the latch 30.
  • the circuit breaker 1 is opened.
  • the latch 30, which may be a frictional latch, may be released by actuation of an operating mechanism 32 which is of the nonsynchronous type.
  • the movable bridging contact 20 resumes its closed position, as shown in FIG. 2, under the effect of the biasing spring 29.
  • an additional device may be provided to assistin rotating the shaft 15 in the direction for opening. As shown in FIG. 1, this may include a shaft extension 33 extending exteriorly of the housing structure 22 by a suitably provided sealed opening.
  • the application of two magnetic systems 6, 7 with different air gaps and/or different numbers of turns on the coil elements 12, 13 has the advantage that also load-switching operation with synchronization can be made.
  • the short-circuit bridging contact 21 takes over synchronous interrupting at high overloads and at short-circuit currents.
  • the circuit interrupting structure 1 is simple and can be easily applied into existing line systems.
  • a magnetic system 38 having an air gap 39. Movable in a linear direction within the air gap 39 is a rectangular coil element 40, which is connected through a holder 41 with a movable bridging contact 42. Beneath the coil 40 there is provided a pair of flexible spring-like extensions 43, 44,'whose lower latching ends engage with recesses 45, 46 in the open position.
  • the reference numeral 47 designates the primary, or exciting winding carrying the main current.
  • the horn-like stationary contacts 48, 49 are mounted on insulating plates 50, 51.
  • the reference numeral 52 indicates a divergent arc-chute arrangement which may be of a rather conventional type.
  • Hand operation of the device 37 take-s place by means of a U-shaped holder 53, FIG. 3A, which is interconnected with an insulating bridging bar 54 by means of springs 55.
  • the reference numeral 56 indicates an addit-ional spring which biases the movable contact 42 upwardly against the spaced relatively stationary contacts 48, 49 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the main current terminal studs 57, 58 are mounted upon an insulating base plate 59.
  • the primary, or exciting winding 47, is located between the main terminal stud 57 and the relatively stationary contact 48, whereas the relatively stationary contact 49 is connected directly to the main terminal stud 58, as shown.
  • a suitable housing structure 60 is provided, preferably being made of insulating material.
  • the synchronized circuit-interrupting arrangement 37 functions in the following manner:
  • the hand-tripping or opening operation is obtained by pressing downwardly upon the holder 53, by which the springs 55 are compressed sufficiently until they overcome the force produced by the lower single spring 56.
  • the circuit breaker 37 is then held in the open-circuit position by the latch elements 43, 44.
  • the hand closing operation is analogously obtained by pulling upwardly upon the holder 53, whereby first the resistance of the latches 43, 44 is overcome, and then the movable contact system moves quickly upwardly particularly under the effect of the lower biasing spring 56.
  • the movable elements will then move into the closed position illustrated in FIG. 3 of the drawings.
  • the reference numeral 72 designates the upper main line stud, which is mounted within an insulating cover 73.
  • the reference numeral 74 designates a movable contact which is provided on its sides with slots, in which the curved levers 75, 76 are engaged.
  • a magnetic system 77 is provided within which are arranged coils 78, 79.
  • the line terminal stud 86 constitutes a magnetomotive force means to generate magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit.
  • the coils 78, 79 are connected with the rotating arms 80, 81 through their shafts 82, 83.
  • the shaft 83 has attached to its lower end another lever 84.
  • the movable contact 74 is electrically connected with the flexible spring segments 85 which are electrically connected directly to the lower main terminal stud 86 mounted within an insulating cover 87.
  • a second auxiliary movable impedance contact 88 is provided, which is electrically connected on the one end to the main contact stud 86, and on the other hand to a nozzle-like relatively stationary contact 89.
  • the movable auxiliary impedance contact 88 may pass with sliding contact through a bore provided in the lower main terminal stud 86 itself.
  • At the left-hand end of the movable auxiliary contact 88 there is provided a connection to an insulating operating rod 90.
  • the movable impedance contact 88 can be moved back and forth either by the lever 84 or by the insulating operating rod 90.
  • the breaker is enclosed within a housing 91, which is mounted upon insulators 92, 93.
  • the interior of the insulator 92 is connected with a low pressure container 94, whereas the supporting insulator 93 opens into a highpressure reservoir tank 95.
  • the reference numeral 96 designates a suitable operating mechanism compartment, which is attached, by means not shown, to a supporting wall structure 97.
  • the shaft 83 of the moving coil element 78 has attached at its upper end an insulating valve baffle member 98, which is moved against a sealing ring 99 when the breaker is in the open-circuit position.
  • a shunting impedance means 100 assuming the form of a resistor, which is connected on the one end to the relatively stationary contact 89 through a metallic tube 101 and on the other side with a metallic cap 102 which, in turn, is electrically connected to the main terminal stud 72 through a terminal screw 103 and the metallic terminal plate 70.
  • the reference numeral 104 designates the insulating resistor housing.
  • An auxiliary contact valve piston 105 is provided with small openings 106 on its lefthand side, as viewed in FIG. 5. It has attached thereto an arcing pin 107, whereas a compression spring 108 acts against the right-hand side thereof.
  • the reference numerals 109, 110 designates suitable sealing rings, the function for which is more clearly understandable from the description hereinafter provided.
  • the synchronized circuit interrupting structure 66 functions in the following manner:
  • the insulating operating rod 90 moves toward the left, by means of the expansion-compression spring 111, constituting a flexible coupling means 112
  • the shaft 83 and with it also the lever 80 are moved by the lever 84 in such manner that the curved lever 76 moves in a clockwise direction.
  • the movable contact 74 is pushed downwardly and compressed fluid, such as compressed air, flows through the nozzle 67 and the resultant arc is extinguished when the current passes through its value.
  • the closing operation is achieved by moving the insulating rod toward the right in a corresponding manner.
  • Such motion of the insulating operating rod 90 may be achieved by an externally situated operating lever 113 connected to a nonsynchronous operating rod 114, as indicated in FIG. 5 of the drawings.
  • the levers 80 and 81 are rotated with a rather large force by the coils 78 and 79 toward an open position when the instantaneous value of the circuit current is decreasing, and toward a closed position when the circuit current is increasing in its instantaneous value.
  • the contact 88 is moved by the lever 84 toward the left when the circuit current is decreasing.
  • the impedance means, or resistance is connected in parallel with the main interrupting gap, and this makes the interruption of the main current much easier because of the depressing effect which is exerted upon the rate of rise of the recovery voltage. Following the interruption at the main contacts, there also occurs interruption between the auxiliary contacts 88, 89.
  • the valve piston 105 is driven by the high pressure compressed gas toward the right, by which an arc is drawn between the point of contact pin 88 and the arcing pin 107 which carries the residual current as reduced by theresistance 100. This arc will be quenched when the current passes through its zero value.
  • the pressure within the housing 104 is increasing, whereby the openings 106 in the valve piston 105 have a larger area than the relatively restricted opening 116. The result of this is that the valve piston 105 is driven by the spring 108 toward the left, as viewed in FIG. 5, as a result of an equalization of the gas pressure on both of its sides.
  • the arcing pin 107 is moved against the sealing ring 110, which further seals off the breaker housing 91 at this point.
  • the pres sure against the spring 108 is now given by the crosssectional area of the arcing pin 107 at its exposed area to the sealing ring 110. This pressure is, of course, less than the force exerted by the spring 108 so that a satisfactory seal is obtained. If for any reason, the arc quenching action does not take place at this first controlled passage of the current through its zero value, then the circuit breaker will reclose and synchronized opening will take place, as described, at the next passage of the current through its zero value. If the circuit interrupter is used as a reversing switch, then it will be of advantage an induction-type system. Because of the low arcing energy, the interrupting contacts can be built at the same time as valve elements and, therefore, several other valves can be eliminated. In addition, the interrupting capability of the circuit interrupter 65 is considerably improved by the additional provision of a parallel resistance 100.
  • a synchronous-type alternating current fluid-blast circuit interrupter including separable main contacts, impedance means shunting said separable main contacts, a pair of separable auxiliary contacts disposed in series relationship with said impedance means, operating means for eflectin'g separation of said separable main contacts including a synchronous operator, said synchronous operator including a magnetic circuit having an air gap, magnetomotiveforce means responsive to the alternating current to be interrupted for generating magnetic flux in said magnetic circuit dependent upon the current to be interrupted, a moving coil element disposed within said air gap, means for producing a current in said moving coil element dependent upon the rate of change of the current to be interrupted, said operating means functioning to separate said main contacts to draw a main current arc, and means interrelating actuation of said synchronous operator with opening motion of the separable auxiliary contacts to'draw a residual current-arc.
  • valve-piston means are provided for halting the fluidblast adjacent the auxiliary contacts toward the end of the opening operation.
  • a synchronous-type alternating-current fluid-blast circuit interrupter of the type using a closed gas system including a relatively stationary main orifice-type contact, a cooperable valve-type movable main contact, a housing, a bypassing impedance housing enclosing impedance means shunting said main contacts, a pair of auxiliary impedance contacts in series relationship with the impedance means, operating means for opening said main valveatype movable contact including a synchronous operator, said synchronous operator including a magnetic circuit having an air gap, magnetomotive force means responsive to the alternating current to be interrupted for generating magnetic flux in said magnetic circuit dependent upon the current to be interrupted, the moving coil element disposed within said air gap, means for producing a current in said moving coil element dependent upon the rate of change of the current to be interrupted, connecting means interrelating actuation of said synchronous operator with opening .motion of the auxilsecond supporting insulator for said housing, and a gas compressor is provided for compressing gas from the lowpressure region and forcing it into the high-pressure
  • a synchronous-type alternating-current fluid-blast circuit interrupter of the type using a closed gas system including a relatively stationary main orifice-type contact, a cooperable valve-type movable main contact, a housing, a bypassing impedance housing enclosing impedance means shunting said main contacts, a pair of auxiliary impedance contacts in series relationship with the impedance means, operating means for the valve-type movable main contact including a synchronous operator, said synchronous operating including a magnetic circuit having an air gap, magnetomotive force means responsive to the alternating current to be interrupted for generating magnetic flux in said magnetic circuit dependent upon the current to be interrupted, a moving coil element disposed within said air gap, means for producing a current in said moving coil element dependent upon the rate of change of the current to be interrupted, connecting means interconnecting actuation of said synchronous operator with opening motion of the auxiliary impedance contacts, non-synchronous opening means having a flexible connection with said synchronous operator, and a valve bafile plate carried by said moving coil element

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US134655A 1960-08-31 1961-08-29 Synchronized circuit interrupter with shunting impedance contacts Expired - Lifetime US3257531A (en)

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DES70157A DE1189611B (de) 1960-08-31 1960-08-31 Synchronschalter

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CH (1) CH386524A (de)
DE (1) DE1189611B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3364326A (en) * 1964-12-18 1968-01-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Double-break synchronously operated circuit breaker with connecting bar rotating in enlarged opening in magnet structure
US3379850A (en) * 1964-12-17 1968-04-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Gas-blast circuit breaker system with current-responsive initiating synchronous relay
US3381102A (en) * 1965-02-11 1968-04-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Synchronous-type hydraulic operator for alternating current synchronous type circuitinterrupter

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2108560A (en) * 1933-10-20 1938-02-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit breaker
US2222719A (en) * 1939-07-08 1940-11-26 Gen Electric Air blast circuit breaker
US2672541A (en) * 1951-12-27 1954-03-16 Gen Electric Electric circuit interrupter
GB718985A (en) * 1952-03-13 1954-11-24 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements relating to gas blast circuit breakers
US2846623A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-08-05 Leetronics Inc Relays and solenoids
US3052783A (en) * 1957-07-19 1962-09-04 Siemens Ag Compressed-gas circuit interrupters

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE212303C (de) *
DE665797C (de) * 1933-05-30 1938-10-04 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Wechselstromschalter mit Lichtbogenloeschung durch ein stroemendes, unter Druck zugefuehrtes Loeschmittel
DE643774C (de) * 1934-02-07 1937-04-16 Aeg UEberstromschnellschalter
DE928656C (de) * 1945-02-01 1955-06-06 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zum Schalten von Wechselstromkreisen im Strom- oder Spannungsnulldurchgang
BE517339A (de) * 1952-03-22
DE1011959B (de) * 1956-02-21 1957-07-11 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur vorwiegend ohmschen Stromunterbrechung bei Schalterkontakten

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2108560A (en) * 1933-10-20 1938-02-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit breaker
US2222719A (en) * 1939-07-08 1940-11-26 Gen Electric Air blast circuit breaker
US2672541A (en) * 1951-12-27 1954-03-16 Gen Electric Electric circuit interrupter
GB718985A (en) * 1952-03-13 1954-11-24 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements relating to gas blast circuit breakers
US2846623A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-08-05 Leetronics Inc Relays and solenoids
US3052783A (en) * 1957-07-19 1962-09-04 Siemens Ag Compressed-gas circuit interrupters

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3379850A (en) * 1964-12-17 1968-04-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Gas-blast circuit breaker system with current-responsive initiating synchronous relay
US3364326A (en) * 1964-12-18 1968-01-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Double-break synchronously operated circuit breaker with connecting bar rotating in enlarged opening in magnet structure
US3381102A (en) * 1965-02-11 1968-04-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Synchronous-type hydraulic operator for alternating current synchronous type circuitinterrupter

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DE1189611B (de) 1965-03-25
CH386524A (de) 1965-01-15

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