US3257322A - Toner for electroradiography - Google Patents
Toner for electroradiography Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3257322A US3257322A US300155A US30015563A US3257322A US 3257322 A US3257322 A US 3257322A US 300155 A US300155 A US 300155A US 30015563 A US30015563 A US 30015563A US 3257322 A US3257322 A US 3257322A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- weight
- varnish
- parts
- carrier liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001055 blue pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 13
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical group [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005012 oleoresinous Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/80—Processes for incorporating ingredients
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/135—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents
Definitions
- This invention relates to electroradiography, and in particular relates to a new and improved liquid dispersible toner material for the accurate rendition of continuous tone reproduction such as are required in electroradiography.
- a black toner of such fineness suitable for continuous tone applications such as electroradiography and of positive polarity, suitable for dispersion in low cost hydrocarbon solvents can be formulated with adequate fixing properties utilizing an oleoresinous varnish which combines the properties of easy wetting of the pigment with suitable grinding and dispersing characteristi'cs, such varnish being so formulated that image deposits obtained from such toners display antisculf properties to a degree not hitherto possible with such fine grainedpositive acting toners.
- This varnish is compounded by the heating of hydrogenated rosin with linseed oil so that the resultant varnish has suitable dispersion characteristics in relatively low solvent power hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, n-heptane and the like.
- Example 1 Grams Compound A 85 Microlith Black CT 20' Microlith Blue 4GT Microlith is the trademark of Ciba Ltd., for a range of resin dispersed pigments.
- Microlith Black CT is carbon ice black dispersed in hydrogenated rosin ester
- Microlith Blue 4GT is phthalocyanine blue dispersed in hydrogenated rosin ester.
- Shell Solvent X55 a substantially aliphatic solvent with a K.B. value of about 40.
- This toner was also dispersible in n-heptane, mineral turpentine, Shellsol T, a high boiling point aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent with a K.B. value of about 26, manufactured by the Shell Company, trichloromonofluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, and Solvesso 100, a substantially aromatic'hydrocarbon solvent of K.B. value about 93, manufactured by Esso-Atlantic.
- the toner was of positive polarity, and the fineness of image deposit was suitable for continuous tone applications in all carrier liquids with a K.B. value greater than about 40.
- Example 2 Grams Compound A of Example 1 Carbon Black SRF 35 Victoria Blue 5 This toner was milled and dispersed as in Example 1.
- the resultant dispersion was somewhat finer than that of Example 1, and was maintained in carrier liquids with K.B. values above about 30.
- This toner was milled and dispersed as in Examples 1 and 2 and the resultant dispersion was finer than that of either of the other two examples. It will be observed that the amount of toner used is about 30 to 40 parts by weight to about 85 parts by weight of the varnish obtained by heating the linseed oil and hydrogenated rosin at a temperature and for a time sufiicient to produce solution.
- the preferred weight ratio of rosin to oil is about 1:4, and the preferred weight ratio of varnish to carrier liquid is about 1:100.
- preparing a varnish consisting essentially of heating about one part by weight hydrogenated rosin in the presence of about four parts by weight of polymerized linseed oil having a viscosity of about 7.0-9.5 poises and at a temperature of about 235 F.
- a toner consisting essentially of carbon black in a predominating amount and blue pigment in a minor amount, said toner being present in the proportion of about 30 to 40 parts by weight of toner to about 85 References Cited by the Examiner parts by weight of varnish, and milling to disperse the UNITED STATES PATENTS toner 1n the varnish; and subsequently dlspersmg the medium so formed in a carrier liquid in the proportion of 2,348,594 5/1944 Bernardl 10629 about one part by weight of medium to about 100 parts 5 2,907,674 10/1959 Metcalfe at v XR by weight of carrier liquid, the carrier liquid being a OTHER REFERENCES hydrocarbon solvent with a K.B.
- a method according to claim 1 wherein the carrier liquid is selected from the group consisting of cyclohex- 10 JULIUS GREENWALD P'lmary Exammer' ane, n-heptane, and trichlorotrifiuoroethane. J. D. WELSH, Assistant Examiner.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU20840/62A AU270763B2 (en) | 1962-08-08 | Improved toner for electroradiography and method of manufacturing same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3257322A true US3257322A (en) | 1966-06-21 |
Family
ID=3710148
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US300155A Expired - Lifetime US3257322A (en) | 1962-08-08 | 1963-08-06 | Toner for electroradiography |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3257322A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE635968A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1447912A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL296408A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3391015A (en) * | 1964-04-27 | 1968-07-02 | Harris Intertype Corp | Liquid development of electrostatic images with carbon black and a solid organic pigment |
| US3669886A (en) * | 1968-09-11 | 1972-06-13 | Hunt Chem Corp Philip A | Liquid developer for electrostatography |
| US3986968A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1976-10-19 | Rank Xerox Ltd. | Milled and polar solvent extracted liquid developer |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2348594A (en) * | 1942-11-14 | 1944-05-09 | Interchem Corp | Printing ink |
| US2907674A (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1959-10-06 | Commw Of Australia | Process for developing electrostatic image with liquid developer |
-
0
- BE BE635968D patent/BE635968A/xx unknown
- NL NL296408D patent/NL296408A/xx unknown
-
1963
- 1963-08-06 US US300155A patent/US3257322A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-08-08 FR FR944186A patent/FR1447912A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2348594A (en) * | 1942-11-14 | 1944-05-09 | Interchem Corp | Printing ink |
| US2907674A (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1959-10-06 | Commw Of Australia | Process for developing electrostatic image with liquid developer |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3391015A (en) * | 1964-04-27 | 1968-07-02 | Harris Intertype Corp | Liquid development of electrostatic images with carbon black and a solid organic pigment |
| US3669886A (en) * | 1968-09-11 | 1972-06-13 | Hunt Chem Corp Philip A | Liquid developer for electrostatography |
| US3986968A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1976-10-19 | Rank Xerox Ltd. | Milled and polar solvent extracted liquid developer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1447912A (fr) | 1966-08-05 |
| NL296408A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1900-01-01 |
| BE635968A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1900-01-01 |
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