Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/347—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated ethers, acetals, hemiacetals, ketones or aldehydes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
  • D06M13/13—Unsaturated aldehydes, e.g. acrolein; Unsaturated ketones; Ketenes ; Diketenes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/144—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
  • D06M13/148—Polyalcohols, e.g. glycerol or glucose
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/325—Amines
  • D06M13/332—Di- or polyamines
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
  • D06M13/405—Acylated polyalkylene polyamines
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
  • D06M14/02—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin
  • D06M14/04—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin of vegetal origin, e.g. cellulose or derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides

Definitions

• textile as employed herein shall be understood to include textile materials of all kinds, including fibers, yarn, threads, knitted goods, and woven as well as non-woven fabrics.
• cellulosic textile material is intended to include textiles consisting entirely of natural or regenerated cellulose or mixtures of these cellulose types, as well as textiles in which a cellulosic material constitutes a major portion of the product and non-cellulosic fibers or filaments constitute the remainder or minor portion.
• the improvements to be derived by the method of the present invention are most pronounced on textile materials consisting entirely of cellulosic fibers, for example cotton, the rayons, or mixed cotton and rayon goods.
• cellulosic textiles especially cotton fabrics
• the typical finishing synthetic resin precondensates for example the methylol ureas and urea derivatives as well as melamine which penetrate the cellulose fibers and then by heating in the presence of a catalyst are converted to insoluble resins by polycondensation in and on the fiber, acquire the property of recovering in a relatively short time a major portion of any deformation produced in the fabric as a result of wrinkling or creasing in dry condition.
• fabrics which have been treated with the aforementioned typical resin precondensates may be regarded as crease or wrinkle resistant only insofar as the wrinkling on creasing isbrought about while the fabric is dry. By reason of their poor wet crease resistance they do not possess satisfactory washand-wear properties.
• vent-ion it is a primary object of the present in vent-ion to provide a method for imparting completely satisfactory wash-and-wear properties to a cellulosic textile material.
• acrolein is polymerized in and on the cellulosic textile and a polyfunctional reactant, for example an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic 3,254,941 Patented June 7, 1966 alcohol,-amide or amine, is then condensed with the acrolein polymer.
• a polyfunctional reactant for example an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic 3,254,941 Patented June 7, 1966 alcohol,-amide or amine
• acrolein undergoing polymerization in and on the fibers of the cellulosic fabric also forms some chemical bonds with the cellulose polymer.
• the thus polymerized acrolein contains appreciable free aldehyde groups, and possibly also occasional carbon-to-carbon unsaturations, which are capable of forming reaction products, that is condensation products with the alcohols, amides or amines.
• the reactants are capable of reacting with the aforementioned aldehyde or unsaturated groups in more than one acrolein polymer molecule thereby serving as a cross-linking bridge in the poly acrolein, which would seem to account for the very substantial increase in wet crease resistance as demonstrated hereinafter.
• polyacrolein is of course capable of engaging in condensation reactions with monofunctional alcohols, amides or amines, no such positive direct crosslinking within the polyacrolein is likely to occur with a monofunctional condensation reactant. Accordingly, the present invention contemplates only the use of polyfunctional reactants of the aforementioned types, with polyfunctional alcohols and amides being preferred.
• Polymerization of the acrolein is accomplished in the presence of one of the well known alkaline catalysts in the presence of water or other media which will enable the catalyst to become manifest.
• the catalyst may be applied by immersing the fabric in a dilute aqueous solution of the catalyst or by spraying the fabric with the catalyst solution.
• Suitable catalysts include the alkali metal carbonates or hydroxides, lime, lead hydroxide, ammonia, the amines, etc.
• the weak alkalis potassium or sodium carbonate areperhaps the most convenient catalysts and will generally be employed for the polymerization, and will be applied 'to the fabric from about 1 to 2% aqueous solution.
• the catalyst is imparted to the textile by dipping the latter in a dilute catalyst solution of the catalyst or by spraying the catalyst solution onto the textile to a wet pick-up of about 70-90%.
• the textile is contacted with acrolein either by spraying an aqueous solution of acrolein onto the textile, by dipping thetextile in an aqueous acrolein solution or by contacting the textile with acrolein in the gas phase in a confined zone.
• acrolein gas is particularly critical; with decreasing water content of the fabric, the dry crease recovery angles increase.
• Application of acrolein gas is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 20-70 C., with the goods being maintained in contact with the gas for periods ranging up to about 10 minutes.
• the textile is desirably although not necessarily washed with water to remove excess catalyst prior to subsequent treatment in accordance herewith. Washing is not essential since an acid catalyst is employed in the condensation reaction, which acid catalyst will readily neutralize any excess acrolein polymerization catalyst which may remain on the unwashed textile.
• the textile bearing the polymerized acrolein is then treated with an aqueous solution, dispersion or emulsion containing one or more of the aforementioned polyfunctional reactants.
• This treament may be by spraying of the acrolein-treated textile with the aqueous medium containing the polyfunctional reactant, in which case the textile is substantially completely saturated with the aqueous medium, but preferably the textile is immersed in a bath containing the polyfunctional reactants in amounts up to about 2.5% by weight of the bath, preferably between about 5 and 20% by weight.
• This bath or the spraying solution, dispersion or emulsion also contains the usual acid condensation catalyst, which term as employed herein and in the appended claims is intended to include also the potentially acid catalyst types.
• Typical catalysts employed to facilitate condensation of the alcohol, amide or amine with the acrolein polymer on the textile include oxalic or citric acids, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc fluoroborate, magnesium perchlorate, diammonium phosphate, etc.
• oxalic or citric acids zinc chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc fluoroborate, magnesium perchlorate, diammonium phosphate, etc.
• One or more of these catalysts is present in the polyfunctional reactant bath or Spraying medium to the extent of about 0.5-3% by weight thereof.
• the textile is dried at elevated temperatures and condensation or curing is effected by subjecting the textile to temperatures within the range of about 70 to 150 C. for periods ranging from about 3 to 30 minutes.
• the textile may be removed from the polyfunctional reactant impregnating bath and immediately subjected to the aforementioned condensation or curing temperatures, or the treated textile may be dried at a substantially lower temperature, even at room temperature, and condensation effected by subsequent higher temperature treatment within the aforementioned range.
• the polyfunctional reactants which are essentials to production of the improved crease resistant finished cellulosic textile of the present invention include the polyfunctional alcohols which are capable of forming acetals and diacetals. Particularly suitable are alcohols containing four to six functionl groups, for example, pentaerythritol and mannitol. Other polyfunctional alcohols include the glycols, particularly trimethylene glycol, glycerine, vinyl alcohol polymers, etc.
• Suitable polyfunctional amides in accordance with the present invention include urea and its derivatives, particularly monoethyl urea, ethylene urea and the methylol ureas.
• the acrylamides, heterocyclic aromatic acid amides, e.g., melamine aliphatic acid amides and diamides may also be employed.
• Preferred polyfunctional amines include hydrazine and aliphatic diamines such as tetramet-hylenediamine and hexamethylened-iamine, for example. It is also possible to employ mixtures of polyfunc tional alcohols and amides or amines, and in this connection particularly useful combinations include the four to six functional alcohols and urea or the urea derivatives.
• the present method is particularly applicable to cellulosic textile materials in web form, and the acrolein and polyfunctional reactants are easily applied to a textile web from aqueous media with conventional textile finishing equipment.
• acrolein gas to the web slight modifications of existing equipment will of course. be required.
• the present method is also eminently well suited to the finishing of fine cotton or regenerated cellulose fabrics which have been rendered stiff and/or transparent by treatment with concentrated sulphuric acid, cuprammonium or sodium zincate-cellulose solutions, and is also applicable to the finishing of fine fabrics constructed of relatively highly twisted yarns such as voille and marquisette.
• the present invention thus provides a method for achieving very substantially improved resistance to wet creasing in these stiff and/or transparent fabrics without any notable reduction in the strength of the fibers thereof.
• Example 1 A Lac fabric (125 grams per square meter) was impregnated with a 1% aqueous potassium carbonate solution and squeezed off to about 80% wet pick-up. The fabric'was then subjected in a confined space to acrolein gas at about C. for 2 /2 minutes. The fabric was removed from the acrolein atmosphere and washed with water, .after which it was impregnated by immersion in an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight pentaerythritol and 4% by weight zinc chloride, preliminarily dried and then finally sub-jected to a temperature of 125 C. for a period of 10 minutes to effect condensation or curing.
• Example 3 The cotton fabric of Example 1 was soaked for one hour in a 2% aqueous potassium carbonate solution and then squeezed to a wet pick-up of about 80%. The wet fabric was exposed to acrolein gas at about 50 C. for 2.5 minutes. Thereupon the fabric was impregnated by immersion in an aqueous solution containing mannitol and 1.5% oxalic acid, preliminarily dried and then heated to 120 C. for 10 minutes. The fabric was washed as in Example 1 and exhibited the following improved properties:
• Example 4 A cotton fabric weighing 125 grams per square meter was impregnated with a 2% aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and squeezed off to about 80% wet pickup. The fabric was then slightly predried on a tentering frame, and while still in moist condition it was sprayed beyond the point of saturation with a 30% aqueous solution of acrolein at a temperature of about -20" C. and allowed to remain on the frame following spraying for about 15 minutes. The fabric was then rinsed, treated with the aqueous solution of pentaerythritol and zinc chloride, dried and heated as in Example 1. It was then subjected to the standard washing of Example I, hung to dry and crease angle determinations made. The fabric thus treated showed a very substantially increased dry and wet crease resistance and the crease pattern following washing was very good as compared with the starting material.
• Example 5 A cotton fabric was treated with acrolein gas and washed with water in accordance with Example 1. It was then impregnated with an aqueous solution containing 5% pentaerythritol, 5% monoethyl urea and 1% oxalic acid, preliminarily dried and heat-treated at about 110 C. for 10 minutes. The fabric was then subjected to the standard washing described in Example 1 land crease angles in both wet and dry condition were determined. The dry and wet crease resistance were very substantially improved and the fabric had a very good crease pattern as compared with the starting material.
• Example 6 A cotton fabric weighing 125 grams per square meter was impregnated with a 2% aqueous potassium carbonnate solution to a wet pick-up of about 80%, and predried to about 7% moisture. The fabric was-thensubjected in a closed vessel to acrolein gas at about 60 C.
• Example 7 Weft Dry Weft Wet Visual creasing creasing Crease angle angle Pattern Evaluation Starging Material 33 75 Treated Material 145 4
• Example 8 The cotton fabric of Example 6 was impregnated with a 2% aqueous solution of potassium carbonate, squeezed off to about 80% and predried to about 7% moisture. The fabric was then subjected to acrolein gas at a temperature of about 50 C. for 2.5 minutes washed with water, immersed in a aqueous solution containing'10% by weight glycerine and 1% by Weight zinc fiuoroborate and squeezed off to about 80%. The thus treated fabric was preliminarily dried and finally cured at about C. for 10 minutes. The fabric was washed and crease angles determined as in Example 1 with the following results:
• the cotton fabric of Example 6 was impregnated with 2% aqueous solution of triethanolamine, squeezed off to about 80% and pre-dried. The fabric was then subjected to acrolein gas at a temperature of about 50 C. for 5 minutes, washed with water, immersed in an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight hydrazine hydrate and 1% by weight zinc nitrate and squeezed offto about 80%. The thus treated fabric was preliminarily dried at 60 C. and finally cured at about 120 C. for 10 minutes. After washing the fabric exhibited dry creasing angles and wet creasing angles in the weft of more than 100.
• Example 10 The cotton fabric of Example 6 was impregnated with a 2% aqueous solution of trimethylamine, squeezed off to about 80% and pre-dried. The fabric was then subjected to acrolein gas of about 50 C. for minutes, washed with water, immersed in an aqueous solution containing by weight hexamethylenediamine and 1% by weight zinc fluoroborate and squeezed off to about 80%. The thus treated fabric was preliminarily dried at 60 C. and finally cured at about 120 C. for 10 minutes. After washing the fabric exhibited an excellent dry and wet crease resistance.
• Method for improving the wet crease resistance of a cellulosic textile which comprises contacting said textile with acrolein in amount sufficient to impart thereto about 0.5 to about 10% acrolein, polymerizing the acrolein so imparted to said textile in and on the same in the presence of an alkaline catalyst for said polymerization in contact with said textile, impregnating the textile having the acrolein polymerized therein and thereon with a polyfunctional reactant capable of reacting at its functional sites with free aldehyde groups in the acrolein polymer selected from the group consisting of polyfunctional alcohols, amines and amides, and condensing the polyfunctional reactant with the acrolein polymer in the presence of an acid condensation catalyst.
• Method for improving the wet crease resistance of a cellulosic textile which comprises imparting to said textile a catalytic amount of an alkaline catalyst for the polymerization of acrolein, contacting said textile with acrolein gas at a temperature between about and 70 C. for a time sufficient to impart between about 0.5 and 10% by weight acrolein to said textile, whereby at said temperature and in the presence of said catalyst polymerization of the acrolein occurs in and on the textile, contacting the so treated textile with an aqueous medium containing about 5 to 25% by weight of a polyfunctional alcohol containing 4 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and subsequently heating the textile in the presence of an acid condensation catalyst at a temperature between about 70 and 150 C. forperiods up to about 30 minutes to effect condensation of the polyfunctional alcohol with the acrolein polymer.
• Method for improving the Wet crease resistance of a cellulosic textile which comprises contacting said textile with acrolein in amounts sufficient to impart about 0.5 to about 10% by weight acrolein thereto, polymerizing the acrolein in and on said textile in the presence of an alkaline polymerization catalyst at a temperature between about 15 and 70 C., subsequently impregnating the thus treated textile with a polyfunctional reactant of the group consisting of polyfunctional alcohols, amides and amines and condensing said reactant with the acrolein polymers in the presence of an acid condensation catalyst at temperatures between about 70 and 150 C.
• Method for improving the wet crease resistance of a cellulosic textile which comprises contacting said textile with acrolein gas at a temperature between about 15 and 7 0 C. in the presence of an alkaline polymerization catalyst for a period sufficient to impart about 0.5 to 10% by weight acrolein to said textile, whereby said acrolein is polymerized in and on said textile, subsequently impregnating the thus treated textile with a polyfunctional reactant of the group consisting of polyfunctional alcohols, amides -and amines and condensing said reactant with the acrolein polymer in the presence of an acid condensation catalyst at temperatures ranging from about 70 to about 150 C.
• Method for improving the wet crease resistance of a cellulosic textile which comprises contacting said textile with an aqueous solution of acrolein for a period up to about 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from about 15 to about 40 C. in the presence of an alkaline polymerization catalyst in contact with the textile, whereby about 0.5 to 10% acrolein by Weight of the textile is polymerized therein and thereon, subsequently impregnating the thus treated textile with a polyfunctional reactant of the group consisting of polyfunctional alcohols, amides and amines and condensing said reactant With the acrolein polymer in the presence of an aicd condensation catalyst at temperatures above about 70 C.
• Method for improving the wet crease resistance of a cellulosic textile which comprises contacting said textile with acrolein to impart about 0.5 to 10% by weight acrolein thereto and polymerizing the acrolein in and on said textile in the presence of an alkaline polymerization catalyst at about 15 to 70 C., subsequently impregnating the thus treated textile with a polyfunctional alcohol and heating the textile to between 70 and C. for in excess of about three minutes in the presence of an acid condensation catalyst to condense the alcohol with the acrolein polymer.
• Method for improving the wet crease resistance of a cellulosic textile which comprises contacting said textile with acrolein to impart about 0.5 to 10% by weight acrolein thereto and polymerizing the acrolein in and on said textile in the presence ofan alkaline polymerization catalyst at about 15 to 70 C., subsequently impregnating the thus treated textile with a polyfunctional amide and heating the textile to between 70 and 150 C. for in excess of about three minutes in the presence of an acid condensation catalyst to condense the amide with the acrolein polymer.
• a cellulosic textile o1 improved resistance to wet creasing comprising a cellulosic textile base material.
• acrolein having deposited therein and thereon polymerized acrolein in amounts of about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of the textile material said deposited acrolein polymer being cross-linked through in situ reaction with a polyfunctional reactant of the group consisting of polyfunctional alcohols, amides and amines.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

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Cited By (2)

Citations (3)

• 0
  • BE BE620297D patent/BE620297A/xx unknown
  • NL NL124676D patent/NL124676C/xx active
  • NL NL281050D patent/NL281050A/xx unknown
• 1961
  • 1961-07-20 CH CH852761A patent/CH388245A/de unknown
• 1962
  • 1962-06-26 ES ES278673A patent/ES278673A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1962-07-05 US US20781862 patent/US3254941A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1962-07-17 GB GB27450/62A patent/GB959522A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (3)

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