Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/08—Organic compounds
  • D06M10/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/08—Organic compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/487—Aziridinylphosphines; Aziridinylphosphine-oxides or sulfides; Carbonylaziridinyl or carbonylbisaziridinyl compounds; Sulfonylaziridinyl or sulfonylbisaziridinyl compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
  • D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
  • D06Q1/08—Decorating textiles by fixation of mechanical effects, e.g. calendering, embossing or Chintz effects, using chemical means

Definitions

• This invention relates to a novel finished cellulosic textile product and to a process for finishing cellulosic textiles employing ionizing radiation.
• the process is particularly applicable to the wash-and-Wear finishing of cellulosic textile materials.
• the latter term as employed herein is intended to include films, yarns, fibers, filaments or threads as such or in the form of cast sheets, woven, knit, felted or non-Woven [fabrics consisting of natural or regenerated cellulose, as Well as such fabrics which are made up of a major portion of cellulose or regenerated cellulose, but containing in addition a small quantity of non-cellulosic fibers, filaments, etc.
• the process of the present invention is particularly directed to a method for improving the crease resistance (wash-and-wear) properties of the cellulosic textile, as measured by the crease angle, but the method also produces a substantial improvement in the tearing or tensile and abrasive strengths .of the materials treated in accordance herewith.
• the fabric is impregnated with one or more well-known condensable substances, for example, a synthetic resin precondensate which is dispersed or dissolved in a carrier containing a condensation catalyst which is usually acidic. Following impregnation, the excess resin is squeezed out and the impregnated fabric is then subjected to temperatures above 100 C. for a period of time sufiicient to cure the resin. Textiles finished by this conventional technique at elevated temperature are substantially less durable than the unfinished or starting fabric. Conventional finishing imparts acceptable crease resistance, but at the expense of a marked reduction in fiber strength of the textile product, as evidenced either by appreciably reduced tensile or tearing strength or resistance to abrasion or both.
• condensable substances for example, a synthetic resin precondensate which is dispersed or dissolved in a carrier containing a condensation catalyst which is usually acidic.
• the tensile or tearing strength of the finished textile is in some instances, although not always, improved. Occasionally tensile strength is slightly reduced.
• the cellulosic textile its irradiated with the condensable or resinforming substance thereon, and it has been found that in many instances substantial doses of ionizing radiation are required, for example of the order of 0.5 10 to about 3x10 rads and even as high as 10' rads, in order to achieve the results desired by that finishing process.
• the present invention provides a novel process which is an improvement upon the method described in our earlier application, and salient advantages thereover will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art.
• the cellulosic textile is preirradiated, that is to say the textile is initially subjected to ionizing radiation, after which a resin-forming substance or resin preoondensate is applied to the irradiated textile, after which the irradiated impregnate-d material is squeezed off and dried. It has been found that by following this sequence substantially lower total doses of ionizing radiation are required to effect condensation of the resin forming substance. Irradiation of the textile apparently creates active centers on the cellulose molecule which catalyze or otherwise effect condensation of the subsequently applied resin-forming material. Since irradiation precedes ap plication of the condensable finishing substance such material is not subjected to direct irradiation and does not suffer the aforementioned partial decomposition.
• the present method enables one to carry out irradiation and impregnation or final finishing separately both as respects location and time. This is particularly important to the small finisher of cellulosic textiles who is not in a position to acquire and operate irradiation equipment.
• irradiation may be carried out at one location and impregnation at another, since the preirradiated cellulosic textile retains its ability to effect condensation of the resinforming substance after the passage of several days, which is an obvious advantage.
• the cellulosic textile is subjected to a lower dose of ionizing radiation, more particularly to a dose between about 10 and 10 rads, and preferably 10 to 5 l0 rads.
• the ionizing radiation may be of the electromagnetic type, for example gamma or X-rays. Suitable sources of gamma include C0 burnt uranium slugs, fission products of U separated isotopes such as Cs etc.
• the ionizing radiation may consist of accelerated electrons, i.e.
• beta particles of a relatively low particle energy, namely between about 0.05 and 1 mev., preferably between about 0.05 and 0.6 mev., which may be produced with the aid of the usual electron accelerators, such as the cascade, Van de Graaff, or linear types, or from radioactive substances such as Sr
• An important aspect of the present invention is the use of accelerated electrons of the aforementioned low energy values. It has been found that these low energy beta particles enable sufficient activation of the cellulosic molecule to achieve resin condensation without significant degradation of the cellulose. At energy levels above about 1 mev. and equivalent total doses very significant deterioration of the cellulose occurs.
• the importance of the use of low energy beta particles is set forth in the related application of Fritz Munzel, Serial No. 125,089, filed on even date herewith, and the information therein with respect to the use of low energy particles is herewith incorporated byreference.
• sensitizers The action of the sensitizers is to ultimately very greatly enhance the effect of ionizing radiation upon the resin-forming substance, While also by reason of their absorptive and resonating efficiency serving to reduce the total does which must be imparted to the textile.
• materials suitable as sensitizers are set forth in the aforementioned application, and a particularly preferred material is 1,4-diphenylbenzene.
• the sensitizers are preferably applied to the cellulosic textile by application from aqueous media followed by squeezing off and drying, with the sensitized textile then being ready for irradiation.
• resin-forming substance as employed herein is to be understood as meaning a substance which can be condensed with itself, with another material also present or with the cellulosic molecule of the textile being treated.
• the term also may refer to a mixture of two or more such substances which may intercondense.
• Typical resin-forming substances are those customarily employed in the crease-proof finishing of cellulosic textiles, by conventional methods not employing irradiation. They are compounds which contain oxygen in the molecule or which contain sulphur in place of oxygen, as in urea and thiourea.
• Typical condensable or resin-forming substances include: precondensates of formaldehyde with urea, thiourea, ethyleneurea and its homologues, uron,
• acetylenediurein and is derivatives, dicyandiarnide, melamine, phenol and its derivatives, methylolurea, methylolamines, as well as ketone-aldehyde precondensates, aziridinyl compounds, triazone derivatives and diglycide ethers.
• Particularly suitible resin-forming substances include N- substituted urea-formaldehyde resin precondensates such, in addition to ethyleneurea, as dioxyethyleneurea or N,N'- bis (methoxy-methyl uron.
• Tetrohydro- 1 ,3-bis (methoxymethy1-5-methyl-2(1)-s-triazone, 1 carbonyl 2,5 dimethoxy-4-ethyl-triazone-2,4,6 and other similar triazone derivatives may be employed. Mixtures of two or more of such resin-forming substances may of course be used if desired.
• heating is not required to effect resin formation or condensation of the finishing substance on the textile.
• the cellulosic material following application of the resin-forming substance is of course squeezed out and dried, and during the passage of the time consumed for these operations condensation of resin formation occurs.
• Heating is generally employed to facilitate drying of the treated textile, but temperatures are mainained below about 100 C. Typical drying temperatures range from about 60 to about C., as shown clearly in the following examples.
• the method of the present invention can be applied to textiles of all kinds, but is particularly applicable to fabrics or sheet material.
• Woven or knit goods of native or regenerated cellulose or mixed native and regenerated cellulose, e.g. cotton and rayon, are especially improved by the present finishing method.
• the method is suitable primarily for the crease-proofing and the imparting of dimensional stability to the material.
• permanent embossing effect such as goffering, ribbing, schreinerizing or moire effects, as well a calendering effects, with or without friction.
• the method can furthermore be applied to fine cotton or regenerated cellulose fabrics, in which stiffening and/ or transparency have been achieved by a treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, cuprammonium solution or sodium zincate cellulose solution, and with such fabrics good crease resistance effects can be achieved without a decrease in fiber strength.
• improved crease resistance is accompanied by substantially improved tensile and abrasive strength.
• Particularly significant improvements are achieved with the fine or stiffened and transparentized fabrics, where significant degradation of the cellulose as a result of excessive doses of ionizing radiation would be immediately apparent.
• the foregoing improvements in the finished cellulosic textile fabric are accompanied by retention of a pleasant soft hand.
• the method of the present invention can of course be applied to. textile yarns, filaments, fibers or threads, and good crease resistance and dimensional stability can be achieved in fabrics constructed of relatively highly twisted yarns, such as voile and marquisette, which ordinarily have a very strong tendency to shrink.
• Example I A spun rayon muslin fabric which had been pretreated in the usual manner was immersed in a water bath containing about 1% of 1,4-diphenylbenzene at 20 C. and thereupon dried at 60-70 C. The fabric was then subjected to a stream of accelerated electrons having a particle energy of 0.12 mev. to a total dose of 10 rads. The irradiated fabric was thereupon impregnated with a 15% aqueous solution of aziridinyl phosphoniumoxide, squeezed out and dried at 7080 C., after which it was again washed with water and similarly dried. The mechanical properties of the thus finished fabric, the starting material, and the fabric which had been simply sensitized and irradiated are shown in the following table:
• Example II Crease angle Tearing Abrasive in degrees strength in G. strength in number of revolutions Warp Fill Warp Fill Starting material 49 43 680 590 16, 770 Irradiated material. 47 37 632 564 433 Irradiated material treated with resin precondensate 100 105 960 730 30, 840
• Example 111 A cotton muslin fabric was parchmentized with 52 B. sulfuric acid at- 15 C. for ten seconds and thereupon aftermercerized with 30 B. sodium hydroxide for fifteen seconds. The material was washed until neutral, then immersed in a water bath containing about 1 g. of 1,4-diphenylbenzene at 20 C., and subsequently dried. The fabric was then subjected to the action of accelerated electrons of a particle energy of 0.12 mev. to a total dose of rads. Thereupon the fabric was impregnated with a aqueous solution of aziridinyl phosphoniumoxide, squeezed out, dried at 70-80 C., washed and dried again. The mechanical properties of the thus finished fabric and the starting material were as follows:
• Example IV A cotton voile fabric was treated with an aqueous solution'containing about 1% 1,4-diphenylbenzene at 20 C., dried at 60-70 C. and thereupon subjected to the action of accelerated electrons of a particle energy of 0.12 mev. to a total dose of 5X10 rads.
• the fabric was subsequently impregnated with an aqueous solution containing 150 g. of a melamine-formaldehyde resin precondensate in 1 liter of water, squeezed out and dried at 7080 C., washed and dried again at the same temperature.
• the mechanical properties of the thus finished fabric and the starting material were as follows:
• the poplin of Example II is a reasonably heavy cotton fabric as evidenced by its initial tearing and abrasive strength, and yet these physical properties, in addition to the crease angle, were very substantially increased by treatment in accordance with the present invention.
• the parchmentized muslin of Example III and the cotton voile of Example IV are inherently fragile fabrics, but there was a three-fold increase in the crease angle of the muslin and virtual doubling of the crease angle of the voile, accompanied by doubling and quadrupling of the abrasive strength of the respective materials. Very substantial improvements in tearing strength were also obtained.
• a method of finishing a cellulosic textile which comprises first subjecting the textile to high energy ioniz ing radiation to a total dose between about 10 and i0 rads, whereby said textile is rendered capable of condensing a condensable resin-forming substances, subsequently impregnating the thus irradiated textile with a creaseresistance imparting condensable resin-forming substance and permitting the same to condense in contact with said textile.
• a method of finishing a cellulosic textile which comprises subjecting the textile to accelerated electron radiation of a particle energy between about 0.05 and 1 mev. to a total dose between about 10 and 10 rads, subsequently impregnating the irradiated textile with a condensable wash-and-wear resin-forming substance and permitting the same to condense in contact with said textile.
• a method for imparting excellent crease resistance to stiffened, transparentized and parchmentized cellulosic textiles which comprises first subjecting the textile to high energy ionizing radiation to a total dose between about 10 to 5 l0 rads, subsequently impregnating the 7 thus irradiated textile with a condensable crease-resistance imparting resin-forming substance and then drying the irradiated impregnated textile below about 100 C.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=4343648

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (2)

Citations (5)

• 0
  • NL NL267110D patent/NL267110A/xx unknown
• 1960
  • 1960-07-29 CH CH869560A patent/CH395014A/de unknown
• 1961
  • 1961-07-14 ES ES0269136A patent/ES269136A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1961-07-14 DE DEH43127A patent/DE1276591B/de active Pending
  • 1961-07-19 US US147380A patent/US3252750A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1961-07-20 GB GB26365/61A patent/GB930427A/en not_active Expired
  • 1961-07-24 BE BE606453A patent/BE606453A/fr unknown

Patent Citations (5)

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