US3252414A - Pressure hectograph copying process - Google Patents

Pressure hectograph copying process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3252414A
US3252414A US382087A US38208764A US3252414A US 3252414 A US3252414 A US 3252414A US 382087 A US382087 A US 382087A US 38208764 A US38208764 A US 38208764A US 3252414 A US3252414 A US 3252414A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
images
sheet
solvent
coating
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US382087A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas A Newman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB1052363D priority Critical patent/GB1052363A/en
Application filed by Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc filed Critical Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority to US382087A priority patent/US3252414A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3252414A publication Critical patent/US3252414A/en
Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GREENE, IRA S., TRUSTEE OF COLUMBIA RIBBON AND CARBON MANUFACTURING CO. INC.
Assigned to GREENE, IRA S. reassignment GREENE, IRA S. COURT APPOINTMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: COLUMBIA RIBBON AND CARBON MANUFACTURING CO INC
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
    • B41M5/04—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet using solvent-soluble dyestuffs on the master sheets, e.g. alcohol-soluble

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved dry process for the production of multiple copies from an inscribed, typed or otherwise imaged hectograph master. This application is a continuation-in-p-art of application Serial No. 792,377, filed February 10, 1959, now abandoned.
  • a master sheet bearing images containing a soluble dyestuff is prepared with the aid of a special carbon paper whose pressure-transferable surface is placed in contact with one side of a master sheet. The other side of the master sheet is then inscribed with the original typing, writing or similar record. This produces a hectograph image in mirror reverse on the master.
  • This imaged master sheet is attached to the drum of a conventional spirit duplicator and sheets of copy paper are fed thereto in succession.
  • Means are provided for moistening the sheets of the copy paper with a volatile dye solvent immediately prior to their contact with the master sheet and, since the dyestutf in the images on the master sheet is highly soluble, the moist surface of the copy sheets when contacted with the images on the hectograph master dissolves some of the dye and transfers a duplicate image from the master sheet to the moist surface of the copy sheets.
  • a volatile dye solvent any one of a number of desirable solvents may be used.
  • water and a solvent more volatile than water such as alcohol, methanol, acetone, or other similar solvents or combinations thereof, are used.
  • a dry pressure process has been proposed in which the hectograph copy sheets are first treated with a composition including a liquid non-volatile dye solvent and a small amount of nitrocellulose binder material, and the dry treated copy sheets are pressed against a hectograph master sheet to pick off a portion of the master images.
  • the transferred images are gradually dissolved by the dye solvent in the copy sheets to form copies of the subject matter of the master sheet.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel dry hectograph copying process which provides instant color-formation on the copy sheets in the form of sharp clear images which do not spread or broaden without the necessity of employing a dye precipitant.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel dry hectograph copying process which, although not requiring the use of volatile dye solvents, functions in a manner nearly identical to the conventional spirit process. to produce copies having a high degree of sharpness and clarity.
  • FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary sectional view showing in detail a master sheet and a copy sheet embodying the principles of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an arrangement of a master carrying drum and a pressure roll included in an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process used herein for duplicating and transferring hectograph images from a master sheet to a succession of copy sheets of the type herein disclosed.
  • a hectograph 'dye bearing master 10 FIG. 1 has an image 11 produced thereon in the usual way. This is mounted on the drum 21, FIG. 2, forming part of the simplified duplicating machine.
  • the coated copy sheet 13, FIG. 1, is shown with the pressure-responsive spongy sol-id coating 12 containing dispersed solvent material 14 releasably held or suspended in the interstices of the coating.
  • master sheet 10 is shown carried by drum 21 in pressure contact with a copy sheet 13 with the coated or treated side 12 of the copy sheet facing the image 11 of the master sheet.
  • the two sheets are then pressed between the drum 21 and roller 22 and are put into intimate contact along a transverse line, the thickness of which varies with the pressure exerted.
  • This pressure displaces the solvent material on to the coated surface of the copy sheet and the exuded solvent is distributed over the surface of the copy sheets and dissolves off some of the dye from the imaged master sheet.
  • This application of pressure over a very small area extending along a continuous transverse line produces a complete copy on the copy sheet.
  • the process of this invention with its specially coated copy sheet may be characterized as a dry type of copy reproduction.
  • this invention provides a pressure responsive spony film coating for the hectograph copy sheet.
  • This film coating is in the form of a microrecticulated or spongelike structure 'of vinyl resin having dispersed and insulated in the minute interstices thereof discrete portions of a dye-dissolving liquid.
  • the dye solvent is a non-solvent for the vinyl resin phase and incompatible therewith sothat it separates from the binder material in the [form of pressure-exudable droplets and is reabsorbed by the spongy binder material when pressure is released.
  • a copy sheet or similar weblike paper material is provided with a novel taneously spread and coalesces over the copy sheet surface to form a wet surface film which functions in the same manner as the wetted copy sheets in the spirit process to dissolve off a portion of the dye contained in images inscribed in mirror reverse on a hectograph master which has its imaged surface in direct contact with this self-moistened copy sheet surface.
  • This pressurized contact between the imaged master and the self-moistened surface of the copy sheet produces an immediately readable copy of the imaged master on the copy sheet. Any surplus liquid left on the copy sheet is reabsorbed into the interstices of the spony vinyl coating as soon as the pressure is released so that the copy sheets are nearly immediately returned to their dry-to-the-touch condition.
  • the present process is so similar in end result to the spirit process.
  • the master is contacted with a copy sheet having a wet surface which is not receptive to pressure-transfer of the master images so that the only dye which transfers to the copy sheet is in dissolved form and has a developed color.
  • the excess dye solvent is removed from the copy sheet surface so as to prevent any possibility of spreading of the images, such removal being effected by evaporation in the spirit process and reabsorption in the present process.
  • the reabsorbed dye solvent is insulated within the vinyl binder so that even if it contains some dissolved dye it cannot spread or bleed this dye through the coating.
  • novel copy sheet coatings of the present'invention comprise a spongy vinyl resin binder material having dispersed therein discrete droplets of liquid nonvolatile dye solvent which can be exuded to the surface of the coating under the application of pressure thereto, and can be reabsorbed into the coating by capillary action when the pressure is released.
  • Suitable vinyl resins include vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and copolymers thereof, vinylidene chloride, polystyrene, acrylic and methacrylic acids, esters and amides, polyvinyl butynal, and the like.
  • the liquid non-volatile dye solvents used must be incompatible with the particular vinyl resin used therewith. Otherwise the dye solvent will function as a diluent or softener for the vinyl resin, will not separate therefrom in the form of discrete droplets and will not be pressure-exudable from the coating.
  • Preferred dye solvents inolude the higher, non-volatile, liquid fatty acids .and esters such as oleic acid and butyl stearate, alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerine, oils such as mineral oil, chlorinated diphenyl and the like. It is also possible to use semi-solid dye solvents such as cetyl alcohol and Carbowax 4000 provided that they are mixed with compatible liquids such as glycerine to produce a liquid mixture. 7
  • the present copy sheet coatings are produced by dissolving 1 part by weight of the vinyl resin binder material in a suitable volatile organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone :or the like, adding thereto from 2 to 6 parts by weight of the dispersed phase comprising the liquid dye solvent, and applying the composition to a suitable paper or'plastic film foundation in the form of a surface coating.
  • a suitable volatile organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone :or the like
  • adding thereto from 2 to 6 parts by weight of the dispersed phase comprising the liquid dye solvent and applying the composition to a suitable paper or'plastic film foundation in the form of a surface coating.
  • a suitable paper or'plastic film foundation in the form of a surface coating.
  • the use of smaller amounts of dye solvent results in insuflicient exudation while the use of larger amounts gives rise to a coating which is soft and mushy.
  • Example I A continuous film former comprising a 12.5% solution of a Vinylite copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride is prepared in an ethyl acetate solvent.
  • the discontinuous phase comprises the following:
  • Example 11 The same ingredients and procedure as outlined in Example I are used with the exception that the discontinuous phase consists of a mixture of 18 grams of oleic acid and 18 grams of butyl stearate.
  • a mirror reverse copy of the matter to be duplicated is formed on the master sheet by making use of a coated carbon or hectograph transfer sheet to produce on the master sheet an inscribed, typed or similar image containing the soluble dyestulf together with a suitable pressure-transferable vehicle.
  • This master sheet having the image in mirror reverse thereon, is fastened to the drum of a simplified duplicating machine, the drums or surfaces thereof being adapted to distribute a pressure of about 500 p.s.i. equally over the master and copy sheets successively processed therein.
  • the specially prepared copy sheet of Example I or II having the coated surface bearing against the imaged surface of the master sheet is firmly pressed by the rolls of the machine and in the bight between the two cylinders against the imaged master, whereupon the coated surface of the copy sheet exudes the solvent material held in the prepared coating of the copy sheet, locally in the vicinity of the images on the master, and coalesces this solvent as a wet film over the entire coating of the copy sheet, thereby moistening the images on the master with sufficient solvent to dissolve off a portion of the dye contained in these images.
  • the result of this procedure is that a portion of the dye in the images on the master sheet is dissolved onto the copy sheet to reproduce images from the master. Repeating this process with additional copy sheets successively yields a large number of sharp clear duplicate copies.
  • the formulation of the liquid, non-volatile, dye-dissolving phase of the copy sheets of the present invention is well within the skill of the artisan in the light of the present disclosure.
  • Various materials may be substituted for those specifically disclosed depending upon the nature of the dyestuff and vinyl resin used since the solubility of various dyestuffs and vinyl resins in various non-volatile solvents differs,
  • the dye solvent should be substantially colorless so that its presence in liquid exuded form on the surface of the copy sheet is undetectable. Otherwise contamination of the master sheet and the apparatus would result, as well as interference with the desired contrast between the dissolved images and the color of the copy sheet.
  • the invention has been described mainly with respect to the master and copy sheets being in superposed relationship at the time that pressure is exerted to exude the dye solvent, it should be emphasized that it is also possible, and in some cases preferable, to impress the copy sheet to exude the solvent and wet the surface prior to contact with the master sheet.
  • the pressure used to cause the contact between the dye images on the master sheet and the wetted copy sheet coating can be substantially relaxed, thereby avoiding the possibility of solid portions of the dye images being pressed onto the copy sheet coating. This can be a problem when the dye images are formed of a heavy deposit of soft hectograph composition.
  • a dye precipitant such as a tungsten or molybdenum compound maybe included in the copy sheet coating.
  • the dry method of duplicating from an imaged master sheet having soluble hectograph dyestufl? images thereon in the absence of conventional spirit duplicating fluids which comprises superposing said master sheet with its hectograph dyestuff images in surface contact with the dry-surface coating on a copy sheet, said dry-surface coating having a porous, sponge-like structure and comprising about 1 part by weight of a vinyl resin having dispersed within the pores thereof from about 2 to about 6 parts by weight of droplets of a pressure-exudable oily liquid which is a solvent for the hectograph dyestuif of said images and a non-solvent for and incompatible with the vinyl resin, and applying sufficient pressure to said superposed sheets to exude the liquid solvent from said coating and distribute it as a wet solvent film over the entire copy sheet coating, whereby said wet solvent film dissolves hectograph dyestutf from said images to form duplicate non-spreading images of immediate intensity on the copy sheet coating but is not
  • said dry-surface coating having a porous, sponge-like structure and comprising about 1 part by weight of a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin having dispersed within the pores thereof about 2 to 6 parts by weight of droplets of a pressureexudable oily liquid including oleic acid and butyl stearate which are solvents for the hectograph dyestuif of said images and non-solvents for and incompatible with the vinyl resin, and applying suflicient pressure to said superposed sheets to exude the liquid solvent from said coating and distribute it as a Wet solvent film over the entire copy sheet coating, whereby said wet solvent film dissolves hectograph dyestufi from said images to form duplicate nonspreading images of immediate intensity on the copy sheet coating but is not receptive to the pressure-transfer of solid portions of the images from the master sheet.

Landscapes

  • Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)
  • Duplication Or Marking (AREA)
  • Color Printing (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
US382087A 1959-02-10 1964-07-13 Pressure hectograph copying process Expired - Lifetime US3252414A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1052363D GB1052363A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1959-02-10
US382087A US3252414A (en) 1959-02-10 1964-07-13 Pressure hectograph copying process

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79237759A 1959-02-10 1959-02-10
US382087A US3252414A (en) 1959-02-10 1964-07-13 Pressure hectograph copying process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3252414A true US3252414A (en) 1966-05-24

Family

ID=27009624

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US382087A Expired - Lifetime US3252414A (en) 1959-02-10 1964-07-13 Pressure hectograph copying process

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US3252414A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1052363A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2362011A1 (fr) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-17 Mazer Corp Cliche pre-imprime pour duplicateur et son procede de realisation

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US673400A (en) * 1900-05-18 1901-05-07 Ernst Kretschmann Paper for sympathetic ink.
US680637A (en) * 1899-05-17 1901-08-13 Horace P Brown Manifolding-sheet.
US901824A (en) * 1908-03-13 1908-10-20 Antonio Pidelaserra Y Brias Manufacture of copying-paper.
US2086011A (en) * 1933-03-30 1937-07-06 Ditto Inc Stencil and inking device therefor
US2337737A (en) * 1942-05-25 1943-12-28 Ditto Inc Duplicating process for reproducing color designs of high color intensity
US2348128A (en) * 1941-06-30 1944-05-02 Groak Josef Transfer copying materials
US2581186A (en) * 1948-11-18 1952-01-01 Ncr Co Paper having improved printing characteristics
US3034428A (en) * 1955-10-06 1962-05-15 Ellams Duplicator Company Ltd Copying processes
US3055297A (en) * 1957-01-14 1962-09-25 Johnson & Son Inc S C Microporous synthetic resin material

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US680637A (en) * 1899-05-17 1901-08-13 Horace P Brown Manifolding-sheet.
US673400A (en) * 1900-05-18 1901-05-07 Ernst Kretschmann Paper for sympathetic ink.
US901824A (en) * 1908-03-13 1908-10-20 Antonio Pidelaserra Y Brias Manufacture of copying-paper.
US2086011A (en) * 1933-03-30 1937-07-06 Ditto Inc Stencil and inking device therefor
US2348128A (en) * 1941-06-30 1944-05-02 Groak Josef Transfer copying materials
US2337737A (en) * 1942-05-25 1943-12-28 Ditto Inc Duplicating process for reproducing color designs of high color intensity
US2581186A (en) * 1948-11-18 1952-01-01 Ncr Co Paper having improved printing characteristics
US3034428A (en) * 1955-10-06 1962-05-15 Ellams Duplicator Company Ltd Copying processes
US3055297A (en) * 1957-01-14 1962-09-25 Johnson & Son Inc S C Microporous synthetic resin material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2362011A1 (fr) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-17 Mazer Corp Cliche pre-imprime pour duplicateur et son procede de realisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1052363A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2970534A (en) Planographic printing plates and methods for manufacturing same
US2748024A (en) Transfer sheet for use in a hectograph duplicating process
US3458339A (en) Transfer sheets for duplicating
US4409893A (en) Process for printing porous image
US3088028A (en) Duplication with heat-meltable solvent for hectographic coloring material
US3340086A (en) Transfer systems
US2146976A (en) Method of making duplicate copies
US3207621A (en) Novel hectograph transfer sheet and process
US3252414A (en) Pressure hectograph copying process
US3034428A (en) Copying processes
US3442681A (en) Transfer elements and method of making same
US4018162A (en) Continuous duplicating sheets
US4128430A (en) Master sheets and process for printing same
US3628979A (en) Transfer elements and method of making same
US3484268A (en) Novel transfer media and method of preparing same
US3617328A (en) Transfer elements and method of making same
US3109748A (en) Thermographic reproduction composite wherein a calcium carbonate layer is effected by a transferred heat-sensitive material
US3467539A (en) Ink-releasing sheets and ribbons
US2288073A (en) Printing plate having a water repellent surface and method of preparing same
US3183833A (en) Method of producing duplicating master sheets
US2299014A (en) Transfer duplicating sheet
US2974585A (en) Duplicating
US4107327A (en) Transfer materials
US3446646A (en) Pressure sensitive receiving and transfer sheet
US3252413A (en) Heat duplicating products and process

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (IBM C

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GREENE, IRA S., TRUSTEE OF COLUMBIA RIBBON AND CARBON MANUFACTURING CO. INC.;REEL/FRAME:003933/0208

Effective date: 19811102

AS Assignment

Owner name: GREENE, IRA S 275 MADISON AVE.NEW YORK,N.Y.10016

Free format text: COURT APPOINTMENT;ASSIGNOR:COLUMBIA RIBBON AND CARBON MANUFACTURING CO INC;REEL/FRAME:004035/0217

Effective date: 19820629