US3248447A - Production of acetylene and ethylene by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Production of acetylene and ethylene by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3248447A
US3248447A US346910A US34691064A US3248447A US 3248447 A US3248447 A US 3248447A US 346910 A US346910 A US 346910A US 34691064 A US34691064 A US 34691064A US 3248447 A US3248447 A US 3248447A
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Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
hydrocarbons
acetylene
reaction
reaction zone
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Expired - Lifetime
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US346910A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lorenz Lothar
Teltschik Walter
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
    • C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
    • C07C4/025—Oxidative cracking, autothermal cracking or cracking by partial combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/95—Prevention or removal of corrosion or solid deposits

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the production of acetylene and ethylene from hydrocarbons.
  • it relates to a process of this kind in which an additional amount of hydrocarbons is added to the hot reaction mixture.
  • acetylene can be prepared by incomplete combustion of gaseous or vaporized hydrocarbons with oxygen by separately preheating the gases, mixing them while hot and supplying the mixture to a reaction chamber in which cracked gas containing acetylene is formed by partial combustion of the hydrocarbons.
  • the cracked gas after leaving the reaction chamber, is cooled by means of a coolant to temperatures below 100 C., the coolant beingheat'ed up and vaporized.
  • the initial materials used in the prior art methods are hydrocarbons with one to ten carbon atoms in the molecule, and oxygen or gas containing oxygen, the weight ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen being about 1:1.
  • the gaseous initial materials are preheated to about 150 to 700 C. prior to the reaction.
  • a method for carrying out chemical reactions at high temperatures is also known in which hydrocarbons are added to hot, completely burnt combustion gases.
  • This method has the disadvantage that the cracked gas is diluted by the completely burnt combustion gas so that separation of acetylene or, ethylene from the said gas is rendered difficult.
  • acetylene and ethylene are produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in a reaction zone in which a maximum temperature of about 1300 to 1650 C. normally prevails and quenching the hot combustion gas with a cooling liquid by introducing an amount of hydrocarbon into the first 'half of the reaction zone, in addition to the reaction mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing g-as during its passage through 3,248,447 Patented Apr.
  • reaction zone denotes that part of the reactor which extends from the point where the flame begins and the point where the flame reaction is stopped by quenching with a coolant.
  • the materials used in the practice of our invention are hydrocarbons having one to ten carbon atoms and oxygen or gases containing oxygen. When these gases are reacted in the reaction chamber without an addition of other hydrocarbons being made, a maximum temperature of about 1300 to 1650 C. occurs. The reaction period is about 2/1000 to of a second.
  • the bydrocarbons to be used as an additive to the reaction mixture are those thaving two to twelve carbon atoms. They are used in a liquid or vaporous form in an amount of from about'10 to by weight, percentage with reference to the weight of the reaction mixture. The addition is'made in the region behind the zone in which the gas mixture is ignited.
  • the zone of maximum temperature is at the end of the reaction chamber slightly ahead of the point where the coolant, for example water, with which the hot gas is quenched, is injected.
  • the temperature does not rise to its maximum height, but rather drops to about 500 to 1200 C. in that zone of the reaction chamber where the maximum temperature would occur if the additional feed of hydrocarbon was not made.
  • the oxygen content of the reaction mixture is about 30% by volume ahead of the point Where partial combustion begins. After ignition the oxygen content of the gas mixture decreases as the combustion advances, the additional feed of hydrocarbon being injected in the first half of the reaction zone, where the oxygen content is from 1 to 10% by volume. In the practice of our invention it is preferred to inject the additional hydrocarbon feed at the point where the oxygen content is from 2 to 5% by volume.
  • the advantage of the process according to this invention over similar prior art processes lies in the fact that the content of carbon black in the cracked gas is greatly decreased, so that purification of the cracked gas is simplified.
  • the hydrocarbons to be added to the mixture of the reaction gases should preferably be used in such an amount that the reaction mixture is cooled to about 500 to 1200 C. as the yield of acetylene and ethylene is highest in this case.
  • the composition of the cracked gas is dependent not only on the amount of hydrocarbons added to the reaction mixture but also on the distance at which the point of feed is arranged ahead of the zone of maximum temperature in the reaction chamber in which the partial combustion of the hydrocarbon takes place.
  • the yield of ethylene is higher as compared with an addition of hydrocarbon in the second half of the reaction zone.
  • the content of carbon black in the cracked gas falls to half the content of a cracked gas obtained by adding the hydrocarbons into the second half of the reaction zone.
  • A is a reaction chamber in which partial combustion of hydrocarbons takes place in conventional manner.
  • injection nozzles B and D are provided in the first and second half of the reaction zone for the addition of further hydrocarbon.
  • Cracked gas leaving the reaction chamber is quenched in conventional manner by a coolant, for example, water supplied from jets C.
  • the improvement for substantially reducing the formation of carbon black which comprises: introducing an amount of hydrocarbon into the first half of the reaction zone in addition to the reaction mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing gas during its passage through said reaction zone, said additional amount of hydrocarbon being fed into the the reaction zone ahead of the point at which, had the additional feed not been made, said normal maximum temperature would occur, the said additional feed of hydrocarbon being made in such an amount that the maximum temperature of the reaction gas is reduced to 500 to 1200 C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
US346910A 1961-01-13 1964-02-24 Production of acetylene and ethylene by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US3248447A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB60827A DE1174762B (de) 1961-01-13 1961-01-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylen und AEthylen durch unvollstaendige Verbrennung von Kohlenwasserstoffen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3248447A true US3248447A (en) 1966-04-26

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ID=6972985

Family Applications (1)

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US346910A Expired - Lifetime US3248447A (en) 1961-01-13 1964-02-24 Production of acetylene and ethylene by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3248447A (xx)
DE (1) DE1174762B (xx)
FR (1) FR1310352A (xx)
GB (1) GB938845A (xx)
NL (1) NL273441A (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4727207A (en) * 1986-07-02 1988-02-23 Standard Oil Company Process for converting methane and/or natural gas to more readily transportable materials
US4929789A (en) * 1988-01-15 1990-05-29 The Standard Oil Company Process for pyrolyzing or thermal cracking a gaseous or vaporized hydrocarbon feedstock using a novel gas-solids contacting device and an oxidation catalyst
US5012028A (en) * 1986-07-11 1991-04-30 The Standard Oil Company Process for upgrading light hydrocarbons using oxidative coupling and pyrolysis
WO2017205067A1 (en) * 2016-05-26 2017-11-30 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Acetylene production by staged combustion with accommodative cross-sectional area

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2985698A (en) * 1957-09-27 1961-05-23 Hoechst Ag Process for pyrolyzing hydrocarbons
US3140323A (en) * 1958-05-21 1964-07-07 Montedison Spa Process for production of acetylene and other products by partial combustion of hydrocarbons

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT210867B (de) * 1957-09-27 1960-08-25 Ferbwerke Hoechst Ag Vormals M Verfahren zur Pyrolyse von Kohlenwasserstoffen
GB914767A (en) * 1958-05-21 1963-01-02 Montedison Spa Acetylene production

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2985698A (en) * 1957-09-27 1961-05-23 Hoechst Ag Process for pyrolyzing hydrocarbons
US3140323A (en) * 1958-05-21 1964-07-07 Montedison Spa Process for production of acetylene and other products by partial combustion of hydrocarbons

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4727207A (en) * 1986-07-02 1988-02-23 Standard Oil Company Process for converting methane and/or natural gas to more readily transportable materials
US5012028A (en) * 1986-07-11 1991-04-30 The Standard Oil Company Process for upgrading light hydrocarbons using oxidative coupling and pyrolysis
US4929789A (en) * 1988-01-15 1990-05-29 The Standard Oil Company Process for pyrolyzing or thermal cracking a gaseous or vaporized hydrocarbon feedstock using a novel gas-solids contacting device and an oxidation catalyst
WO2017205067A1 (en) * 2016-05-26 2017-11-30 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Acetylene production by staged combustion with accommodative cross-sectional area

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1310352A (fr) 1962-11-23
NL273441A (xx)
DE1174762B (de) 1964-07-30
GB938845A (en) 1963-10-09

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