Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
  • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
  • G21C5/12—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator characterised by composition, e.g. the moderator containing additional substances which ensure improved heat resistance of the moderator
  • G21C5/123—Moderators made of organic materials
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  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/22—Tin compounds
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  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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  • C08K5/57—Organo-tin compounds
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  • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
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  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
  • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
  • E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
  • E02F3/7622—Scraper equipment with the scraper blade mounted on a frame to be hitched to the tractor by bars, arms, chains or the like, the frame having no ground supporting means of its own, e.g. drag scrapers
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
  • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/102—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
  • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2227/083—Sn compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/32—Light or X-ray resistance
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
  • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
  • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

• This invention relates to polyphenyl ether composi- More particularly, this invention relates to polyphenyl ethers stabilized against oxidative degradation by the incorporation therein of an organotin compound.
• the polyphenyl ethers are compounds known to the art. It has been proposed to use the polyphenyl ethers as gas turbine (jet) engine lubricants, as hydraulic fluids, as electronic equipment coolants, as atomic reactor coolants, as diffusion pump fluids, etc., since they possess many desirable properties such as high and low temperature stability, foam resistance-and good storage stability, even I where the temperatures encountered range up to 700 F.
• jet gas turbine
• a further object is to improve the viscosity stability of polyphenyl ether compositions.
• a still further object is to provide polyphenyl ether compositions having increased color stability.
• Another object is to provide polyphenyl ether compositions which give decreased metal attack and decreased formation'of deposits and sludge.
• R is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, arylovyaryl, biaryl, thienyl or pyridyl radical
• X is a halogen or an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl or pyridyl radical
• M is a whole number from 1 to 4, and organotin compounds of the structure R SnSn-R where R is as defined above.
• organotin compounds falling within the first group of compounds defined above are tetramethyltin, tetraethyltin, trimethylethyltin, dimethyldiethyltin, diethylpropyltin chloride, dimethylethylpropyltin, triethylpropyltin, phenyltrimethyltin, diphenyldimethyltin, phenyltriethyltin, diphenyldipropyltin, 'dibutyldiphenyltin, tetrabutyltin, tetrahexyltin, tetraoctyltin, phenyltrioctyltin, tetradecyltin, tetralauryltin, tetrapentadecyltin, tetraoctadecyltin, dibutyldiphenyltin, butyldip
• the organotin compounds of the structure R -Sn-X can be prepared by the action of a Gignard reagent or an organolithium compound on stannic chloride.
• tetraalkyltin compounds can be prepared by the action of a dialkylzinc on stannic or stannous chloride.
• Other methods include treating partially alkylated or partially arylated tin halides with a Grigriard reagent or an organolithium reagent.
• the ditins can be prepared by the action of a Grignard reagent onstannous chloride.
• the polyphenyl ethers to which this invention pertains can be represented by the structure where n is a whole number from 2 to 5.
• the preferred polyphenyl ethers are those having all their ether link-- ages in the meta position since the all-meta linked ethers are the best suited for many applications because of their wide liquid range and high degree of thermal stability.
• mixtures of the polyphenyl ethers i.'e. either isomeric mixtures or mixtures of homologous ethers, can also be used to obtain certain properties, 'e.-g. lower solidification points.
• Examples of the polyphenyl ethers contemplated are the bis(phenoxyphenyl)ethers, e.g.
• bis(m-phenoxyphenyl)ether the bis(phenoxyphenoxy)- benzenes, e.g. m bis(m phenoxyphenoxfibenz'ene, m bis( p phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, o bis(o phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, the bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenyl)- ethers, e.g. bis[m (m phenoxyphen-oxy')phenyl]- ether, bis[p-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl]ether,- m-[(mphenoxyphenoxy) (o-phenoxyphenoxy)]ether and the bis- (phenoxypheno'xyphenoxy)benzenes, e.g.
• mixtures of the polyphenyl ethers can be used.
• mixtures of polyphenyl ethers in which the non-terminal phenylene rings i.e.
• a preferred polyphenyl ether mixture of this invention is the mixture of S-ring polyphenyl ethers where the non-terminal phenylene rings are linked through oxygen atoms in the meta and procedure, steel, copper, silver, titanium, magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy.
• magnesium alloy copper and silver are reported since the compositions tested had essentially no effect on steel, titanium and aluminum alloy.
• Viscosity measurements were made according to ASTM Method D-445-53T using a Cannon-Fenske modified Ostwald viscosimeter. The percentage of viscosity increase was determined by taking the difference in viscosity of a composition before and after it was heated, dividing that difference by the original viscosity and multiplying the quotient 'by 100. The corrosivity to metals was determined by weighing the metal specimens before and after the test.
• the aforesaid polyphenyl ethers can be obtained by the Ullmann ether synthesis which broadly relates to ether-forming reactions of e.g., alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium and potassium phenoxides with aromatic halides such as bromobenzene in the presence of a copper catalyst such as metallic copper, copper hydroxides, or copper salts.
• alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium and potassium phenoxides
• aromatic halides such as bromobenzene
• a copper catalyst such as metallic copper, copper hydroxides, or copper salts.
• the major bench scale method used for evaluating the oxidative stability of a lubricant is the procedure given in MIL-L-9236A according to which the lubricant to be tested is heated at a specified temperature in the presence of certain metals and oxygen and the viscosity increase of the lubricant is determined. Additionally, information as to the corrosivity of a lubricant to metals can also be obtained.
• the decrease in viscosity increase at 100 F. otbained by the use of tetraphenyltin in a mixture of S-ring polyphenyl ethers was on the order of about 4 times (ie the viscosity increase at 100 F; for composition No. 1 as compared to the viscosity increase for com positions Nos. 24 was about 4 times as great). Based on these results in the bench test it would be expected that a service life increase of about 4 times that obtained from the mixture of S-ring polyphenyl ethers used can be obtained by the addition to said mixture of tetraphenyltin. Similar correlations are obtained with the other organotin compounds contemplated.
• the improved polyphenyl ether compositions of this invention can be obtained by the addition to the polyphenyl ethers of at least about 0.01% by weight of an organotin compound as described above. Since the amount of organotin compound added above the minimum amount mentioned has little or no elfect on the degree of stabilization obtained, considerations other than stabilization have to be taken into account in selecting the quantity of organotin compound to be added to a particular polyphenyl ether.
• an organotin compound is the maximum amount to be used although it is preferred to use from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight, since within that range of concentrations the amount of additive used is low enough so that solubility considerations are not limiting yet there is no significant difference in the degree of stabilization obtained.
• the amount of organotin compounds used can be expressed as a stabilizing amount," i.e. an amount which is effective to provide an increase in the oxidative stability of the polyphenyl ether compositions contemplated.
• compositions of this invention can be added to the compositions of this invention.
• additives such as pour point depressants, crystallization suppressants, viscosity index improvers, dyes, rust inhibitors and materials to improve extreme pressure properties can be added to the compositions of this invention.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a polyphenyl ether represented by the structure .j ol L J.
• n is an integer from 2 to 5, and a stabilizing amount of an organotin compound selected from organotin compounds represented by the structure R -Sn-X and R;,Sn4n-R where R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals, M is a whole number from lto 4 and X is selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of m-bis-m-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene and a stabilizing amount of an organotin compound selected from organotin compounds represented by the structure and R -SnSn-R where R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals, M is a whole number from 1 to 4 and X is selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals.
• composition of claim 6 where the organotin compound is tetraphenyltin.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a mixture of 5-ring polyphenyl ethers wherein the nonterminal phenylene radicals are linked through oxygen in the meta and para positions and a stabilizing amount of tetraphenyltin.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a mixture of S-ring polyphenyl ethers having by weight about m-bis(m-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, 30% m-[ (m-phenoxyphenoxy) (p phenoxyphenoxy) benzene and 5% m-bis(p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene and a stabilizing amount of an organotin compound selected from organotin compounds represented by the structure R -SnX and R -Sn-Sn--R where R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals, M is a whole number from 1 to 4 and X is selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a mixture of S-ring polyphenyl ethers having by weight about 65% m-bis(m-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, 30% rn-[ (m-phenoxyphenoxy) (p phenoxyphenoxy) benzene and 5% m-bis(p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene and from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of tetraphenyltin.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of bis[(m-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl]ether and a stabilizing amount of an organotin compound selected from organotin compounds represented by the structure and R Sn-Sn--R where R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals, M is a whole number from 1 to 4 and X is selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of bis[(m-phenoxyphenoxy)phenylJether and from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of tetraphenyltin.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of 4-ring polyphenyl ether and a stabilizing amount of an organotin compound selected from organotin compounds represented by the structure RHn-X and R -SnSnR where R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals, M is a whole number from 1 to 4 and X is selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyaryl, biaryl, thienyl and pyridyl radicals.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a mixtureof 4-ring polyphenyl ethers and from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of tetraphenyltin.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a 7-ring polyphenyl ether and from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of tetraphenyltin.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a mixture of S-ring polyphenyl ethers wherein the nonterminal phenylene radicals are linked through oxygen in the meta and para positions and from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of hexaphenylditin.
• a composition comprising a major proportion of a mixture of S-ring polyphenyl ethers wherein the nonterminal phenylene radicals are linked through oxygen in the meta and para positions and from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of tetrabutyltin.
• Aromatic Compounds The Phenoxypoly (m-Phenoxylene) Benzenes, Chemistry and Industry, August 29, 1959, pages 1090-91.

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  • NL NL282514D patent/NL282514A/xx unknown
  • BE BE621825D patent/BE621825A/xx unknown
  • NL NL128175D patent/NL128175C/xx active
• 1961
  • 1961-08-28 US US134138A patent/US3245907A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1962
  • 1962-08-13 GB GB31017/62A patent/GB967898A/en not_active Expired
  • 1962-08-23 DE DEM54009A patent/DE1286250B/de active Pending

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