Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
  • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
  • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
  • D02J1/221—Preliminary treatments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
  • D01F11/04—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
  • D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
  • D06P1/922—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents hydrocarbons
  • D06P1/924—Halogenated hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
  • D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
  • D06P1/928—Solvents other than hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P7/00—Dyeing or printing processes combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06P7/005—Dyeing combined with texturising or drawing treatments
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
  • B65H2404/10—Rollers
  • B65H2404/11—Details of cross-section or profile
  • B65H2404/112—Means for varying cross-section
  • B65H2404/1122—Means for varying cross-section for rendering elastically deformable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
  • B65H2404/10—Rollers
  • B65H2404/13—Details of longitudinal profile
  • B65H2404/131—Details of longitudinal profile shape
  • B65H2404/1311—Undulations, wavy shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
  • B65H2404/10—Rollers
  • B65H2404/13—Details of longitudinal profile
  • B65H2404/131—Details of longitudinal profile shape
  • B65H2404/1313—Details of longitudinal profile shape concave
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
  • B65H2404/10—Rollers
  • B65H2404/13—Details of longitudinal profile
  • B65H2404/131—Details of longitudinal profile shape
  • B65H2404/1314—Details of longitudinal profile shape convex
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
  • B65H2404/10—Rollers
  • B65H2404/13—Details of longitudinal profile
  • B65H2404/132—Details of longitudinal profile arrangement of segments along axis
  • B65H2404/1321—Segments juxtaposed along axis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
  • B65H2404/10—Rollers
  • B65H2404/14—Roller pairs

Definitions

• This invention relates to a novel process for dyeing synthetic polymer filaments and fibers made e.g. from polyesters, copolyesters, polyamides and polyolefins.
• polyester filaments and fibres which are in their drawn condition are ditficult to dye and many processes are used to overcome these difiiculties.
• melt spin filaments which are obtained from a polyester already coloured or pigmented in the melt.
• This process is now used, on a large scale, for the manufacture of filaments and fibres coloured white or black. It has the disadvantage that, for economic reasons, large batches of fibres or filaments have to be produced and therefore the range of colours which can be made commercially available must be limited.
• disperse dyes also known as acetate dyes. These are sold in finely divided form, together with a dispersing agent, and they are applied to the fibres, in commercial practice, from aqueous dispersions assisted by dyeing assistants, dye carriers or elevated temperatures at superatmospheric pressure.
• the disperse acetate dyes can also be applied to polyamide and polyolefin fibres.
• our invention provides a rapid, continuous, integrated process for the colouration of filaments melt spun from synthetic linear polymers, comprising applying a dye, as hereinafter defined, dissolved, without dispersing agents or other diluents, in an organic substantially non-aqueous hot solvent to undrawn melt spun filaments having a birefringence of less than 3,241,905 Patented Mar. 22, 1966 10 10 derived from synthetic linear polymers, as hereinafter defined, under conditions such that penetration of the dye into the filaments is 60% of the cross-sectional area, or more, followed by drawing the filaments three to six times their length.
• the dye may be applied at temperatures up to 150 C.
• the dye must be free from any kind of harmful diluents, soluble in the organic solvent and substantive to the fibre.
• Dyes should be choosen from those dyes which are substantive (i.e. fixed and permanent) to the fibre being dyed.
• these are usually in the class of dyes called the disperse acetate dyes.
• Solvents must be chosen from those which are sufliciently good solvents of the chosen dye to satisfy Equation 2 and which also have no adverse effect on any of the properties of the dyed, drawn fibre.
• solvents of low volatility, inflammability and tenacity are preferred. Solubility in water is an advantage in that water can be used to wash olf solvent and unused dyestutf from the treated, dyed, undrawn or drawn fibre or filaments.
• high boiling organic liquids such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyglycols and ethylene oxide condensates of average molecular weight of up to 6000, preferably between 200 and 1000, their esters and ethers and mixtures thereof, dirnethyl and diethyl sebaca-te, oleic acid, mesitylene, triphenyl phosphate, and glycerol are all suitable solvents and work best in the region between and C., the filaments being in contact with the dye solution for a time less than 30 seconds,
• Preferred solvents for use in our process are in the series from ethylene glycol, through diethylene glycol to polyethylene glycol of up to 1000 average molecular weight and from these we select ethylene glycol as the best solvent for use with polyester fibres. It will be appreciated that mixtures of these solvents may be used which are compatible with each other and which are liquid under treating conditions.
• the coefficient K in Formula 2 is preferably 0.2-1.6.
• the shades of colour which can be obtained by our process can be varied by altering the temperature of the dyestuff solution, or by increasing the concentration of the dyestufi" in the solvent, but below saturation level.
• Undrawn fibres and filaments from copolyesters such as polyethylene sebacate/terephthalate containing up to 15 moles percent of sebacate component, can also be treated and we find that they give improved shades of colour when treated according to our invention.
• Colours can be chosen from classes of dyestuffs, such as disperse acetate dyes and optical whiteners (e.g. UVITEX R.T.M.) the unsulphonated bases of acid wool dyes, or from pigments, such as the oil soluble pigments and the vat pigments.
• disperse acetate dyes are the most substantive towards polyester filaments.
• the solution of dyestuff can be applied to the tow of undrawn filaments by a pad-mangling system so that the amount of dye solution applied is controlled to a pick-up of 2535%.
• the wet tow must then be maintained at the temperature required for dyeing and for the required time for example in a hot air furn ve, r by sliding conta t with a h t pla e or in a radiative furnace until penetration of the dye into the filaments is 60% or more.
• a suitable apparatus for dyeing filament tows with a pad-mangling system and a draw frame for drawing the filaments comprises two resilient e.g. rubber covered rolls, one fixed to a shaft driven e.g. by a gear box drive from the feed rolls of the subsequent draw furnace and the other running on a floating shaft which can be loaded to press the rolls and the filaments between the rolls together, by a controlled amount, means for feeding and maintaining dye solution in a padding bath between the nip of the resilient rolls at a constant level and means for maintaining the bath at a constant temperature, such as side plates containing the resilient rolls with low voltage electric thermostatic or controllable cartridge heaters, which float freely on the rolls, a feed pipe for the dye solution and an overflow return pipe in the side plates for maintaining the padding bath at a constant level and temperature; on the draw frame feed rolls driven at the same surface speed as the resilient rolls of the pad-mangling system and draw rolls 38 times faster than the feed rolls with means for heating the filaments just before or on the draw frame.
• heating means is a hot water bath between the feed and draw rolls, but if desired alternatively or simultaneously the feed and/or the draw rolls may be heated, or any other known suitable heating means may be used during drawing.
• Dye solution which has not penetrated into the filaments may be removed before, during or after drawing by circulating liquid baths or by sprays. If the filaments become wet during drawing i.e. if dry heating means are not used during drawing, it is necessary to complete the dyeing treatment before drawing.
• a suitable heating device comprises a thermostatically controlled heater tube mounted vertically below the pad-mangle. A heater tube 1 m. long has been found suitable in which the temperature is maintained as in the pad-mangle.
• a drip tray to collect any drips or splashes of the dye solution.
• a solvent, e.g. glycol, drip feed may be introduced at the top of the tube to keep the tube-atmosphere saturated with solvent, e.g. glycol, vapour without directly contacting the filaments.
• the undrawn tow of filaments passes into the pad-mangling system where it picks up 25-30% of a solution of dye in solvent at a temperature appropriate to the solvent, passes out of the nip of the mangle directly into the heater tube, the whole tow running at a speed such that there is a dwell time of between 5 and 30 seconds in the hot zone, thereby substantially completing the dye treatment.
• the dyed undrawn tow then passes directly onto a set of feed rolls, through a drawing zone and onto a similar set of drawing rolls rotating at between 3 and 6 times the speed of the feed rolls in the case of polyester and polyamide filaments and up to eight times in the case of polypropylene filaments.
• the dyed, drawn yarn may then be washed free of solvent and unused dyestuff by water sprays or by a circulating water bath, crimped, dried, heat set to reduce the residual shrinkage to one percent or less in boiling water for one minute and, if desired, cut into staple fibres.
• EXAMPLE 1 Melt spun undrawn polyethylene terephthalate filaments in the form of 2000 denier about 200 filament tow is continuously immersed by passage through a dyebath solution containing 1 part of dye C.I. (Colour Index) No. 62015 in 99 parts of ethylene glycol, heated to C. at about feet/min, under conditions such that the dwell time in the dyebath is 5 seconds. The dye concentration and dyebath level are maintained to obtain a uniform colour on the filaments. The dyed tow is then continuously taken up by feed rolls of a draw frame Where the filaments are elongated 3.6 times their length in steam at 95-100 C. The tow is then passed over a series of rolls and sprayed with hot water at 60-70 C.
• C.I. Cold Index
• EXAMPLE 3 A solution of two parts of the pigment, C.I. No. 60725 t Y O I OH O in 98 parts of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 600) used as in Example 1 produces a heavy shade of blue on the finished tow. Fibres cut from the crimped filaments when made up into fabrics do not pill and shrink less than 1% in boiling water.
• a rapid continuous integrated process for coloring filaments melt spun from synthetic linear polymers selected from the group consisting of linear polyesters, copolyesters of the polyethylene sebacate/terephthalate type, polyamides and polyolefins consisting essentially of applying a dye dissolved in at least one hot substantially non-aqueous solvent to undrawn filaments having a birefringence of less than 10 10 melt spun from synthetic linear polymers under conditions such that after immersion times of up to 30 seconds penetration of dye into the filaments is at least 60%, drawing the filaments at least three times their length and heating the filaments, said dye consisting essentially of finely divided acetate dye and said solvent being selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of 200-6000, their esters and ethers, dimethyl sebacate, diethyl sebacate, oleic acid, Inesitylene, triphenyl phosphite, glycerol and mixtures thereof which are soluble

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26236720

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (8)

Citations (8)

• 0
  • NL NL272998D patent/NL272998A/xx unknown
  • BE BE612072D patent/BE612072A/xx unknown
• 1961
  • 1961-12-26 US US162248A patent/US3241906A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1961-12-28 DE DE19611469087 patent/DE1469087A1/de active Pending

Patent Citations (8)

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