US3241556A - Cardiac stimulators - Google Patents

Cardiac stimulators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3241556A
US3241556A US279984A US27998463A US3241556A US 3241556 A US3241556 A US 3241556A US 279984 A US279984 A US 279984A US 27998463 A US27998463 A US 27998463A US 3241556 A US3241556 A US 3241556A
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United States
Prior art keywords
patient
pulse generator
control circuit
cardiac
electrical
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Expired - Lifetime
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US279984A
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English (en)
Inventor
Zacouto Fred
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COTELEC FRANCAISE D'ETUDES ET DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRONIQUES Ste
COTELEC SOC FR D ETUDES ET DE
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COTELEC SOC FR D ETUDES ET DE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/3625—External stimulators

Definitions

  • Such apparatus have the disadvantage that they submit the patient to unpleasant pulses and oblige him always to carry an apparatus liable to be faulty in ope-ration should there be a poor contact between the electrodes and the skin.
  • cardiac stimulators to operate inside the body have recently been constructed. Such stimulators are attached to the patient by means of a surgical operation and are located entirely below the epidermis.
  • These apparatuses generally comprise a pulse generator energised by a small electric battery, the generator supplying pulses to electrodes placed directly at the level of the heart.
  • Such devices have the disadvantage that they must operate permanently, which results both in a continuous run-down of the battery and also an electrolysis of the cardiac tissues in the neighborhood of the electrodes, whereas, for quite considerable periods of time, the patient has no need whatsoever of the help of the stimulator since his heart, during such periods, is spontaneously functioning with a satisfactory rhythm.
  • the invention provides a cardiac stimulator of the kind comprising electrodes for insertion in a patients heart, and a pulse generator adapted to be lo cated in the patients body, for feeding electrical pulses to said electrodes, said generator including a supply circuit, wherein said pulse generator comprises a switch circuit controlled by electrical means comprising an electrical coupling between an internal control circuit adapted to be located inside the body and an external control circuit for location outside the body, said external control circuit comprising an electrical member which is charged as a function of the cardiac rhythm of the user by means of a device for electrically detecting said cardiac rhythm and an amplifier, the said electrical member acting on the said external control circuit, which, via the said internal control circuit and the switch, stops the pulse generator when the average electrical charge exceeds a predetermined value.
  • said pulse generator comprises a switch circuit controlled by electrical means comprising an electrical coupling between an internal control circuit adapted to be located inside the body and an external control circuit for location outside the body, said external control circuit comprising an electrical member which is charged as a function of the cardiac rhythm of the user by means
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic view showing the different elements of a cardiac stimulator according to the invention, secured on a patient,
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic showing of one arrangement with the various elements of the stimulator
  • FIGURE 3 shows an alternative arrangement in greater detail
  • FIGURE 4 shows another arrangement using an electromagnetic switch in the supply circuit of the pulse generator.
  • the electrocardiograp'hic amplifier 1 amplifies the currents supplied by the detector electrodes 2 for electrically detecting the cardiac rhythm.
  • a condenser 17 (FIGURE 3) from which the discharge may be regulated so as to actuate a control circuit comprising a part outside the body inductively coupled to a part inside the body for a given level (i.e. for a given minimum frequency of the heartbeats).
  • this control circuit also sets up high frequency oscillations coming from a radio transmitter 3, and the coupling members comprise a miniature transmitting device 4 located outside the body, and a miniature receiving aerial 7 located inside the body, the aerial 4 being located on the patients skin. It will hereinafter be assumed that the control is thus effected at high frequency.
  • the amplifier 1 and transmitter 3 may be of any kind well-known in the art and per se form no part of the present invention
  • they preferably comprise solid-state devices such as transistors and crystal diodes as necessary, arranged in any of the well-known circuits available to those skilled in the art, for example in text books and manufacturers brochures.
  • solid-state devices such as transistors and crystal diodes as necessary, arranged in any of the well-known circuits available to those skilled in the art, for example in text books and manufacturers brochures.
  • FIG. 2 shows the aerial loop 4 perpendicular to the epidermis, but in reality the loop lies flat on the skin. Elements 1 to 4 constitute the external control circuit.
  • the positive pole of the battery 13 may be earthed, which in this case means that the said positive pole is not insulated from the body, whereas all the other parts of the device, which are not to be earthedf, are embedded in an insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene for insulation purposes.
  • the circuit 9 When the transmitter 3 is not functioning due to the electrodes 2 not picking up heart beats, the circuit 9 produces no current and the base of the transistor 12 is biased with the negative potential of the battery 13 via the resistor 16.
  • the transistor 12 allows current to pass between its emitter and its collector, its resistance being about 2 ohms.
  • a pulse generator 14 is then supplied by the battery 13 and periodically sends pulses to the electrodes 15 embedded in the heart so as to stimulate it.
  • the generator per se also forms no part of the invention and is not fur- 33 ther described. It may be constituted in any fashion known in the art but it will be apparent that it preferably employs solid-state devices and sub-miniature components, all well-known to those skilled in this art.
  • the rectified current in the circuit 9 positively biases the base of the transistor 12, the effect of which is to interrupt the circulation of current between the emitter and the collector of the said transistor and to cause the pulse generator 14 to stop.
  • the transmitter 3 stops transmitting, the effect of which is the immediate actuation, via the transistor 12, of .the pulse generator 14, and of the artificial stimulation of the heart which then becomes indispensable.
  • the electrocardiographic amplifier 1 receives and amplifies the current pulses provided by the detector 2 which electrically detects the heartbeats in the cardiac rhythm.
  • This amplifier charges a capacitor 17 which has a variable discharge to earth at 18, under the control of a variable resistor 19, in such a manner as to actuate a multi' vibrator circuit 20 for a given level (i.e. above a given minimum frequency of the heartbeats), the said multivibrator controlling the oscillations of a high frequency generator of which the radiation is transmitted by a coupling loop 4 constituting a miniature aerial, arranged flat on the patients skin.
  • These elements constitute the external control circuit.
  • the internal control circuit 8a to 12, the generator for feeding pulses to the electrodes 15 inserted in the patients heart 21 are similarly arranged to the corresponding elements in FIGURE 2, except for the introduction of a tuning capacitor 8a to make a resonant circuit out of the circuit 9, and the location of the battery, which in this case is located at 13a between the collector of the transistor 12 and the pulse generator I4.
  • the members or parts 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 (or 13a) and 14 are embedded in an insulating plastic material which the human body can readily tolerate, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • an insulating plastic material which the human body can readily tolerate, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the device according to the invention provides a complete guarantee of safety for the patient since any breakdown either in the electrocardiographic detector of in the transmitter results in continuous operation of the stimulator which constitutes no particular danger for the patient.
  • a stimulator to operate inside the body in accordance with the invention in which the oscillatory circuit 9 and the transistor 12 are replaced by an electromagnetic switch which is stable in the position closing the supply circuit to the pulse generator 14 and which is actuated by an electromagnetic field set up outside the body and controlled by the electrocardiographic detector.
  • the transmitter 3 delivers an alternating current. This current is rectified in a unit 24, thus enabling the operation of an electromagnetic relay 25 connected to the output terminals of the unit 24.
  • the relay 25 When the relay 25 is energised, its contact 26 closes a circuit comprising a battery 27 and a winding 28,
  • the winding 28 is wound around a magnetic core 29 which lies on the patients skin and outside his body, thus providing a magnetic field which is suitable to actuate a switch 23, for example a type of a pair of hermetically sealed magnetically operated switch contacts, which is located inside the patients body, and which is stable in the position closing the supply circuit to a pulse generator 14 identical with the apparatus designated by the same numeral in the previous embodiments.
  • any other means could be used to interrupt the operation of the internal pulse generator when an apparatus located outside the body registers a satisfactory cardiac rhythm.
  • a cardiac stimulator comprising a plurality of electrodes for insertion in a patients heart, a pulse generator adapted to be located within the patients body and connected to said electrodes, a switching device adapted to be located inside the patients body for controlling the supply of energy to said pulse generator, an energy supply source adapted to be located wtihin the patients body and connected to said pulse generator via said switching device, an external control circuit comprising a detecting device for electrically detecting the cardiac rhythm of the patient, an amplifier for amplifying the output current of said detecting device, an electrical member chargeable by the output of said amplifier in dependence on said cardiac rhythm, an electrical means connected to said chargeable member for sensing the rate of charge of said chargeable member and for issuing an electrical output signal as long as the rate of charge of the chargeable member exceeds the predetermined value, coupling means for location on the patients body and fed with energy in response to the output signal of the external control circuit for bringing about the open circuit position of the switching device, as long as said external control circuit delivers an output signal causing energy to be fed into said
  • a cardiac stimulator according to claim 1 in which said electrical means comprises a multivibrator circuit operating in dependence on the average charge of said chargeable member, a high-frequency oscillator controlled by said multivibrator circuit, and in which said coupling means is a high-frequency coupling means.
  • a cardiac stimulator in which said electrically chargeable member comprises a rectifying element, a capacitator, chargeable through said rectifying element and a leakage line connected across said capacitator.
  • a cardiac stimulator according to claim 4 in which said electrically chargeable member includes manual charging rate adjustment means.
  • a cardiac stimulator in which including an internal switching device is a transistor and said control circuit comprising means for biassing the,
  • said base for said transistor including said supply source which also feeds said pulse generator, resonant circuit means and a diode joining said resonant circuit means to the base of the transistor in such a sense that said pulse generator is out of operation when said resonant circuit receives high frequency power via said coupling means between said internal control circuit and said external control circuit.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
US279984A 1962-05-17 1963-05-13 Cardiac stimulators Expired - Lifetime US3241556A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR897921A FR1371162A (fr) 1962-05-17 1962-05-17 Stimulateur intracorporel à inhibition extracorporelle commandé par détection électrocardiographique

Publications (1)

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US3241556A true US3241556A (en) 1966-03-22

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US279984A Expired - Lifetime US3241556A (en) 1962-05-17 1963-05-13 Cardiac stimulators

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US (1) US3241556A (ja)
BE (1) BE632412A (ja)
FR (1) FR1371162A (ja)
GB (1) GB983773A (ja)

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3311111A (en) * 1964-08-11 1967-03-28 Gen Electric Controllable electric body tissue stimulators
US3345990A (en) * 1964-06-19 1967-10-10 American Optical Corp Heart-beat pacing apparatus
US3391697A (en) * 1965-09-20 1968-07-09 Medtronic Inc Runaway inhibited pacemaker
US3478746A (en) * 1965-05-12 1969-11-18 Medtronic Inc Cardiac implantable demand pacemaker
US3517663A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-06-30 Gen Electric Threshold analyzer for an implanted heart stimulator
US3518997A (en) * 1969-01-17 1970-07-07 Robert W Sessions Electronic heart stimulator
US3554198A (en) * 1967-08-04 1971-01-12 Cardiac Electronics Inc Patient-isolating circuitry for cardiac facing device
US3595242A (en) * 1969-03-26 1971-07-27 American Optical Corp Atrial and ventricular demand pacer
US3618615A (en) * 1969-09-02 1971-11-09 Medtronic Inc Self checking cardiac pacemaker
US3661158A (en) * 1969-12-15 1972-05-09 American Optical Corp Atrio-ventricular demand pacer with atrial stimuli discrimination
US3667477A (en) * 1966-11-25 1972-06-06 Canadian Patents Dev Implantable vesical stimulator
US3683934A (en) * 1968-08-31 1972-08-15 Bohdan A Bukowiecki Method and apparatus for providing synchronized stimulus and coupled stimulation from an implanted heart stimulator having a constant rhythm
US3717153A (en) * 1970-10-19 1973-02-20 Gen Electric Standby external rate control and implanted standby heart pacer
US3777762A (en) * 1970-12-22 1973-12-11 Rovsing As Christian Pacemaker with continuously adjustable output amplitude
US4488553A (en) * 1981-03-19 1984-12-18 Telectronics Pty. Ltd. Externally controlled tachycardia control pacer
US4488554A (en) * 1981-03-19 1984-12-18 Telectronics Pty. Ltd. Externally-inhibited tachycardia control pacer
US4572191A (en) * 1974-04-25 1986-02-25 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Command atrial cardioverter
US4763646A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-08-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heart pacemaker
US4867162A (en) * 1985-09-17 1989-09-19 Biotronik Mess-Und Therapiegerate Gmbh & Co. Cardiac pacemaker
US4886064A (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-12-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Body activity controlled heart pacer
US4928690A (en) * 1988-04-25 1990-05-29 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
US5078134A (en) * 1988-04-25 1992-01-07 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
US5350407A (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-09-27 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Implantable stimulator having quiescent and active modes of operation
US5474574A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-12-12 Cardiac Science, Inc. Automatic external cardioverter/defibrillator
US6043273A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-03-28 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US6148233A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-11-14 Cardiac Science, Inc. Defibrillation system having segmented electrodes
US6711436B1 (en) 1997-08-08 2004-03-23 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US20070088396A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Jacobson Peter M Leadless cardiac pacemaker
US20090082828A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-03-26 Alan Ostroff Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker with Secondary Fixation Capability
US20110077708A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-03-31 Alan Ostroff MRI Compatible Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker
US8527068B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2013-09-03 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with secondary fixation capability
US8543205B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2013-09-24 Nanostim, Inc. Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US8615310B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2013-12-24 Pacesetter, Inc. Delivery catheter systems and methods
US8965500B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2015-02-24 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US9020611B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2015-04-28 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with anti-unscrewing feature
US9060692B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2015-06-23 Pacesetter, Inc. Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US9126032B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2015-09-08 Pacesetter, Inc. Pacemaker retrieval systems and methods
US9126055B2 (en) 2012-04-20 2015-09-08 Cardiac Science Corporation AED faster time to shock method and device
US9168383B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2015-10-27 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with conducted communication
US9204813B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2015-12-08 Zoll Medical Corporation Method of detecting signal clipping in a wearable ambulatory medical device
US9242102B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2016-01-26 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless pacemaker with radial fixation mechanism
US9408548B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2016-08-09 Zoll Medical Corporation Selection of optimal channel for rate determination
US9511236B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2016-12-06 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with integral battery and redundant welds
US9802054B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2017-10-31 Pacesetter, Inc. Biostimulator circuit with flying cell
US10646707B2 (en) 2017-11-30 2020-05-12 Zoll Medical Corporation Medical devices with rapid sensor recovery

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2082703A5 (ja) * 1970-03-24 1971-12-10 Zacouto Fred
FR2394288A1 (fr) * 1977-06-17 1979-01-12 Medcor Inc Stimulateur implantable possedant des caracteristiques variables selectivement
FR2400888A1 (en) * 1977-06-17 1979-03-23 Medcor Inc Heart pacemaker remote control system - uses pulse signals with memory and detector to change mode of operation
IT1131567B (it) * 1980-07-14 1986-06-25 Pinferetti Marco Dispositivo atto a facilitare la formazione del callo osseo in fratture ossee

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Cited By (94)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345990A (en) * 1964-06-19 1967-10-10 American Optical Corp Heart-beat pacing apparatus
US3311111A (en) * 1964-08-11 1967-03-28 Gen Electric Controllable electric body tissue stimulators
US3478746A (en) * 1965-05-12 1969-11-18 Medtronic Inc Cardiac implantable demand pacemaker
US3391697A (en) * 1965-09-20 1968-07-09 Medtronic Inc Runaway inhibited pacemaker
US3667477A (en) * 1966-11-25 1972-06-06 Canadian Patents Dev Implantable vesical stimulator
US3554198A (en) * 1967-08-04 1971-01-12 Cardiac Electronics Inc Patient-isolating circuitry for cardiac facing device
US3517663A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-06-30 Gen Electric Threshold analyzer for an implanted heart stimulator
US3683934A (en) * 1968-08-31 1972-08-15 Bohdan A Bukowiecki Method and apparatus for providing synchronized stimulus and coupled stimulation from an implanted heart stimulator having a constant rhythm
US3518997A (en) * 1969-01-17 1970-07-07 Robert W Sessions Electronic heart stimulator
US3595242A (en) * 1969-03-26 1971-07-27 American Optical Corp Atrial and ventricular demand pacer
US3618615A (en) * 1969-09-02 1971-11-09 Medtronic Inc Self checking cardiac pacemaker
US3661158A (en) * 1969-12-15 1972-05-09 American Optical Corp Atrio-ventricular demand pacer with atrial stimuli discrimination
US3717153A (en) * 1970-10-19 1973-02-20 Gen Electric Standby external rate control and implanted standby heart pacer
US3777762A (en) * 1970-12-22 1973-12-11 Rovsing As Christian Pacemaker with continuously adjustable output amplitude
US4572191A (en) * 1974-04-25 1986-02-25 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Command atrial cardioverter
US4488553A (en) * 1981-03-19 1984-12-18 Telectronics Pty. Ltd. Externally controlled tachycardia control pacer
US4488554A (en) * 1981-03-19 1984-12-18 Telectronics Pty. Ltd. Externally-inhibited tachycardia control pacer
US4867162A (en) * 1985-09-17 1989-09-19 Biotronik Mess-Und Therapiegerate Gmbh & Co. Cardiac pacemaker
US4763646A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-08-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heart pacemaker
US4886064A (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-12-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Body activity controlled heart pacer
US4928690A (en) * 1988-04-25 1990-05-29 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
US5078134A (en) * 1988-04-25 1992-01-07 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
US5474574A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-12-12 Cardiac Science, Inc. Automatic external cardioverter/defibrillator
US5350407A (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-09-27 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Implantable stimulator having quiescent and active modes of operation
US6148233A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-11-14 Cardiac Science, Inc. Defibrillation system having segmented electrodes
US6418342B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2002-07-09 Cardiac Science Inc. Defibrillation system
US6546285B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2003-04-08 Cardiac Science, Inc. Long term wear electrode for defibrillation system
US9089718B2 (en) 1997-03-07 2015-07-28 Cardiac Science Corporation Defibrillation system
US6060454A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-05-09 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US6087394A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-07-11 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US6101412A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-08-08 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US6127410A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-10-03 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US6141589A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-10-31 Duke University Switch control for external pacing system
US6043273A (en) * 1997-08-08 2000-03-28 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US6414018B1 (en) 1997-08-08 2002-07-02 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US6711436B1 (en) 1997-08-08 2004-03-23 Duke University Compositions, apparatus and methods for facilitating surgical procedures
US8295939B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2012-10-23 Nanostim, Inc. Programmer for biostimulator system
US9168383B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2015-10-27 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with conducted communication
US20070088400A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Jacobson Peter M Rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker
US20070088405A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Jacobson Peter M Programmer for biostimulator system
US10238883B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2019-03-26 Pacesetter Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
US20110071586A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2011-03-24 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Triggered by Conductive Communication
US20070088418A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Jacobson Peter M Delivery system for implantable biostimulator
US7937148B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2011-05-03 Nanostim, Inc. Rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker
US7945333B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2011-05-17 Nanostim, Inc. Programmer for biostimulator system
US8010209B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2011-08-30 Nanostim, Inc. Delivery system for implantable biostimulator
US20070088397A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Jacobson Peter M Leadless cardiac pacemaker system with conductive communication
US8352025B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2013-01-08 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker triggered by conductive communication
US8457742B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2013-06-04 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
US9872999B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2018-01-23 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
US9687666B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2017-06-27 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
US9409033B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2016-08-09 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
US8788035B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2014-07-22 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker triggered by conductive communication
US8788053B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2014-07-22 Pacesetter, Inc. Programmer for biostimulator system
US8798745B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2014-08-05 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
US8855789B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2014-10-07 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable biostimulator delivery system
US9358400B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2016-06-07 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker
US9227077B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2016-01-05 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker triggered by conductive communication
US9216298B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2015-12-22 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker system with conductive communication
US9072913B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2015-07-07 Pacesetter, Inc. Rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker
US20070088396A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Jacobson Peter M Leadless cardiac pacemaker
US9192774B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2015-11-24 Pacesetter, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
US10004893B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2018-06-26 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US8965500B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2015-02-24 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US11083886B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2021-08-10 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US10426946B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2019-10-01 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US10029110B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2018-07-24 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US9492676B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2016-11-15 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US20090082828A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-03-26 Alan Ostroff Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker with Secondary Fixation Capability
US8527068B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2013-09-03 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with secondary fixation capability
US9272155B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2016-03-01 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with secondary fixation capability
US20110077708A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-03-31 Alan Ostroff MRI Compatible Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker
US8543205B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2013-09-24 Nanostim, Inc. Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US9060692B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2015-06-23 Pacesetter, Inc. Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US9687655B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2017-06-27 Pacesetter, Inc. Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US9020611B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2015-04-28 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with anti-unscrewing feature
US11759234B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2023-09-19 Pacesetter, Inc. Pacemaker retrieval systems and methods
US11786272B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2023-10-17 Pacesetter, Inc. Pacemaker retrieval systems and methods
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FR1371162A (fr) 1964-09-04
BE632412A (ja)

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