US3237929A - Process and apparatus for heating molten materials by injection of flames into the bath - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for heating molten materials by injection of flames into the bath Download PDF

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Publication number
US3237929A
US3237929A US157063A US15706361A US3237929A US 3237929 A US3237929 A US 3237929A US 157063 A US157063 A US 157063A US 15706361 A US15706361 A US 15706361A US 3237929 A US3237929 A US 3237929A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
bath
combustion
mixture
fuel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US157063A
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English (en)
Inventor
Plumat Emile
Eloy Pierre
Jacobs Alfred
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AGC Glass Europe SA
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Glaverbel Belgium SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
    • C03B5/193—Stirring devices; Homogenisation using gas, e.g. bubblers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/2356—Submerged heating, e.g. by using heat pipes, hot gas or submerged combustion burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/04—Manufacture of hearth-furnace steel, e.g. Siemens-Martin steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/0021—Gas burners for use in furnaces of the reverberatory, muffle or crucible type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
    • Y10S266/90—Metal melting furnaces, e.g. cupola type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for heating molten material by injecting flames or hot combustion gases into the bath of molten products contained in the furnace.
  • the flames are in direct Contact with the materials to be melted.
  • These furnaces are, for example, those commonly called reverberatory furnaces.
  • the mode of transmission of the heat of the flames and fumes to the bath of molten materials in such furnaces is not essentially different from one another.
  • the flames are produced by burners on the surface of the bath contained in the furnace. Consequently, the transfer of heat takes place exclusively on the surface of separation between the liquid and gas phases. This mode of transmission is not satisfactory because the hottest products are on the surface and therefore in contact with the flames, while the convection currents in the bath are impeded.
  • the combustible mixture is completely gasied and intimately mixed in a chamber, and a con-siderable proportion of the combustible mixture is burnt before being injected into the bath of molten materials.
  • the constituents of the mixture may be gasified by various methods.
  • the gasification may consist either in a vaporisation of the non-gaseous constituent or constituents of the mixture, or in a reaction of one or more of the constituents ysupplying gaseous reaction products, or in a combination of the aforesaid methods.
  • the reactions giving rise to a conversion of the constitutents into gas are of at least two types. For example, the
  • the intimate mixing of the fuel, of the combustion-assisting agent and of the combustion products is effected by intentionally imparting whirling movements thereto, either by imparting to the jets of gas and/or of liquid, directions of movement which are chosen for this purpose, or giving the walls of the chamber curvatures which produce the same result.
  • the degree of combustion of the combustible mixture is adjusted before it is introduced into the bath of molten materials by modifying the time for which the constituents of the mixture are in contact before being injected into the bath.
  • the supply of constituents is divided into two partial flows which are in contact with the other constituent for unequal periods of time.
  • the mean period of contact, and therefore the degree of combustion, is then adjusted by varying the ratio of the partial liows.
  • the mixture of fuel and combustion-assisting agent substances which are intended to be added to the molten materials.
  • These substances are uniformly dispersed in the mixture like the constituents of the mixture themselves.
  • the oxidising or reducing character of the gases flowing through the bath of molten materials is adjusted by varying the ratio of fuel to combustionassisting agent in the mixture.
  • the introduction of substances by this means is especially advantageous because the substances are thus very uniformly dispersed in the bath owing to the turbulence of the latter and the renewal of the surfaces of contact between the gases and the bath.
  • a very vigorous and rapid oxidising or reducing action exerted on the bath of molten materials by modifying the oxidising or reducing character of the gases, a very vigorous and rapid oxidising or reducing action exerted on the bath of molten materials.
  • the constituents of the combustible mixture are therefore intimately mixed and partially burnt before being introduced into the bath of materials to be heated.
  • the degree of combusion is so adjusted that the submerged combustion is completed before the gaseous mixture leaves the bath of molten materials.
  • the highest temperature of the gases is therefore developed in the bath.
  • the surface of Contact between the gases and the molten materials in the bath is therefore very extensive because the gases are occluded in numerous bubbles.
  • the transfer of heat takes place rapidly owing to the high temperature of the gases and the considerable surface of contact.
  • the gases leaving the bath are already at a substantially reduced temperature, so that they heat to a less extent the walls and the roof of the furnace. In the process according to the invention, the heat losses and the wear on the refractory materials of the furnace are reduced.
  • additives intended to prevent the formation of carbon deposits or to remove these deposits, which generally form with liquid fuels, more especially with heavy fuels, such as fuel oil.
  • These additives may consist of steam or of combustible materials rich in hydrogen, which form by combustion an appreciable quantity of steam, such as methane, town gas, propane or butane.
  • steam is partially dissociated and oxidises the carbon liberated by the partial combustion of the combustible mixture. Since this carbon is preferably evolved in a particular region of the chamber, it is advantageous to arrange the conduit carrying the additives so that it opens into this region.
  • a burner according to the invention comprises essentially a precombustion chamber provided with conduits for the supply of fuel and combustiomassisting agent, and also an outlet tone for the mixture of fuel, combustionassisting agent and combustion products.
  • the precombustion chamber consists of a tube of refractory material and two cheeks or walls fitted on to the said tube.
  • the chamber is a closed receptacle of refractory material.
  • the walls of the chamber are formed with orifices for Athe introduction of fuel and combustionassisting agent into the chamber and for discharge of the mixture.
  • the outlet orifice for the mixture formed in the precombustion chamber is extended by a nozzle integrally formed with the burner, the said nozzle serving to introduce the mixture into the bath of molten materials and extending through the wall of the furnace.
  • the precombustion chamber is surrounded by a cooling jacket in which a uid, for example water, is c-irculated.
  • the burner preferably comprises a layer of refractory materials between the precombustion chamber and the cooling jacket. The degree of cooling of the chamber is adjusted by choosing as the refractory material a material of higher or lower thermal conductivity.
  • a precombustion chamber according to the invention is advantageously designed to increase further the turbulence of the gas currents circulating therein.
  • This design consists in well-chosen curvatures applied to the walls of the chamber.
  • the various parts of the chamber have walls of different curvatures.
  • the conduits carrying fuels and combustion-assisting agent lead into parts of the chamber which have different curvatures.
  • the fuel conduit and a conduit carrying combustion-assisting agent lead into a part of the chamber which is of smaller curvature, while another conduit supplying the combustionassisting agent leads into a part of greater curvature, preferably on the axis of the conduit or of an outlet conduit for the mixture formed in the chamber.
  • the conduits for the fuel and the combustion-assisting agent are so oriented as to induce whirling movements.
  • the direction of the conduits is chosen more especially as a function of the curvatures of the walls of the chamber.
  • the distance between the mouths of these conduits and the outlet conduit for the mixture is variable by displacement of the conduits within the precombustion chamber.
  • the degree of combustion is also varied by choosing the dimensions of the chamber in accordance with the type of fuel employed and more especially of the rate of fuel flow. In addition, the degree of combustion is adjusted by varying the point of introduction of the fuel into the chamber.
  • the burners according to the invention are combined with a supply conduit for substances intended to be introduced into the bath of molten materials. These substances are advantageously introduced into the chamber close to the point of introduction of the constituents of the combustible mixture. Thus, the uniform-ity of their dispersion in this mixture is generally improved. It is obvious that it is also possible to introduce them at any other point of the chamber, for example close to or in the nozzle for the ejection of the gases from the chamber.
  • the burners may also be provided with a conduit for the injection of steam or materials rich in hydrogen which form on combustion steam which is intended to prevent the formation of carbon by the partial combustion of the combustible mixture.
  • This conduit advantageously leads Cil into that region of the mixing chamber in which the carbon tends to be deposited.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates one type of burner consisting of a tube
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a type of burner of integral form
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates a burner whose chamber has been specially shaped with a View to producing whirling currents in the mixture
  • FIGURE 4 is a section along the line IV-IV of FIG- URE 3.
  • the burner which -is denoted as a whole by 1, is shown in combination with a furnace, of which a fragmentary section is shown.
  • the burner comprises a chamber 2 bounded by a wall 3 of refractory material and cheeks or side walls 4 and 5 also consisting of refractory material.
  • the wall 3 consists, for example, of a tube which is advantageously of circular section.
  • a conduit 6 supplies the combustion-assisting agent, which is normally air, and if desired, preheated.
  • a conduit 7 serves for the injection of the fuel into the chamber 2.
  • the fuel employed is a fluid, either a liquid or a gas. If a liquid fuel is employed, it is advantageously atomised when injected into the chamber 2.
  • the air supply conduit 6 is concentric with the fuel supply conduit 7.
  • the conduits extend into ⁇ the chamber 2 by way of an orifice 9 in the cheek or outer wall 4 of the burner 1.
  • the cheek or inner wall 5 positioned against the wall 10 of the furnace Iis formed with an orifice 11 through which the mixture formed in the chamber 2 is discharged.
  • the wall 10 is in turn formed with an orifice 12 through which the mixture is injected into the bath 13 contained in the furnace.
  • the burner 1 is fixed to the wall of the furnace by a plate 14, for example of metal, which is connected to the wall 10 of the furnace.
  • the said plate is formed with a hole aligned with the orifices 11 and 12, the said hole preferably being of larger diameter then the said orifices.
  • a plate 16 is positioned against the cheek 4 and formed with an oritice 17 for the passage of the conduits 6 and 7.
  • the plates 14 and 16 are connected by tie rods 18 and bolts 19. By tightening the said bolts, the cheeks 4 and 5 are secured against the tube 3 and the burner 1 is made fast with the wall 1() of the furnace.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is surrounded by a cooling jacket 20, preferably consisting of sheet metal, in which there flows a cooling fluid, for ex-ample water, the conduit-s for which are shown at 21.
  • a cooling jacket 20 preferably consisting of sheet metal, in which there flows a cooling fluid, for ex-ample water, the conduit-s for which are shown at 21.
  • the burner also comprises a conduit 23 for the supply of substances intended to be added to the bath of molten materials.
  • the conduit 23 leads either into the combustion chamber 2 or into one of the conduits for the constituents of the mixture, for example the combustion air conduit, as illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • These substances are, for example, oxidising agents or reducing agents employed in the metallurgical industry, or colouring agents employed in the glass industry.
  • the conduit 23 also serves for introducing into the chamber 2 steam or combustible materials rich in hydrogen which produce steam by combustion, unless there is provided for this purpose a special conduit, which then preferably leads into that region of the chamber in which the carbon evolved by the combustion of the combustible mixture tends to be deposited. At the high temperature obtaining in the chamber 2, the steam readily oxidises this carbon and thus prevents the formation of carbon deposits.
  • the burner operates as follows: the fuel and the combusion air are introduced under pressure into the chamber 2 at 8 and 9 respectively. As soon as the fuel comes into contact with the combustion air, the combustion commences under the effect of the temperature obtaining in the chamber 2. At least a part of the fuel is burnt, and the evolution of heat vaporises the remainder of the fuel and may produce fractionation of the fuel into additional vaporised lighter bodies. In addition, the various gases present in the chamber are intimately mixed by the turbulence produced by the combustion. The mixture thus created is injected into the bath 13 of molten materials, in which it completes its combustion. The supply pressure is sufficient to compensate for the hydrostatic pressure of the bath at the level of the orifice 12.
  • the degree of combustion in the chamber 2 is so adjusted that the combustion is absolutely complete at the instant when the products of combustion leave the bath 13,
  • the gases are brought to their maximum temperature in the bath 13 itself, that is to say, while they are in intimate contact with the bath of molten materials and while the surface of Contact between the gases and the bath is very large.
  • the degree of combustion in the chamber 2 is adjusted by the choice of the length and the volume of the chamber as a function of the rate of flow and the nature of the fuel employed.
  • the latter adjustment of the degree of combustion is advantageously effected by modifying the penetration of the conduit 7 and therefore the position of the atomiser 8. In this Way, the period of contact between the constituents of the mixture in the combustion chamber is modified.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates another type of burner suitable for the application of the process. It consists of a receptacle 24 consisting of refractory material which bounds the chamber 2.
  • the Said receptacle is advantageously integrally moulded from a fused refractory material or a refractory concrete. Alternatively, it may be formed of a number of parts joined together by means of refractory cement.
  • the receptacle 24 is extended by a nozzle 25 which injects the gases into the furnace. The said nozzle is introduced into the orifice 12 in the pillar or wall of the furnace.
  • the receptacle 24 is advantageously surrounded by a cooling jacket and a refractory layer 22 as stated above. In FIGURE 2, the outer face 26 is not enclosed in the jacket 20, but it is obvious that the chamber 2 may be entirely surrounded by the said jacket.
  • the degree of combustion is adjusted by varying the position of the atomiser 8 in the chamber 2 as described above.
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 illustrate a burner consisting of a member 27 of refractory material in which the combustion chamber 2 is formed.
  • the chamber is divided into two communicating zones 28 and 29, of which the zone 28 comprises walls having a smaller curvature and the zone 29 comprises walls having a greater curvature.
  • the fuel and all or part of the combustion air are tangentially introduced at 31, the air preferably surrounding the jet of fuel. Owing to the tangential introduction, the mixture is whirled in the lower part 28. The fuel partially burns.
  • the secondary air if any, is introduced into the combustion chamber 2 through a conduit 30 which is coaxial with the orifice 12 and leads into the second zone 29 of hemispherical form.
  • the mixing of the fuel, combustion-assisting agent and combustion gases is improved by creating currents in the 6 combustion chamber 2 by an appropriate arrangement of the conduits for the fuel and combustion-assisting agent and by giving the chamber a profile which promotes the movements of the gases and of the atomised liquids.
  • the currents of gas and/or liquid are thus given a whirling movement in the chamber 2.
  • the secondary air blown through the conduit 30 into the zone 29 is injected with the mixture contained in the lower zone 28 into the bath through the orifice 12 in the pillar on wall 10 of the furnace.
  • the degree of combustion in the chamber 2, and therefore the temperature of the chamber 2 is readily adjusted by varying the proportion of primary air and secondary air while maintaining the chosen ratio of air to fuel.
  • the primary air reacts, at least to an appreciable extent, with the fuel in the combustion chamber 2, while the secondary air reacts mainly with the fuel in the bath 13, the time for which the secondary air stays in the chamber 2 being shorter.
  • the method of blowing heating gases through molten material in a furnace having a chamber for containing a bath of the molten material comprising providing a bath of molten material in the furnace chamber, introducing separate supplies of fuel and a combustion assisting agent into the closed combustion chamber of an adjoining auxiliary furnace so as to produce Within such combustion chamber from such constituents an intimate mixture of partially burnt, completely gaseous, combustible material, and injecting such partially burnt gaseous mixture into the bath of molten material in the furnace chamber at a place located below the upper surface of said bath to enable complete combustion of such mixture within the bath as it rises towards the upper surface of the latter and before the gases escape through the upper surface of such bath, whereby the combustion within the bath imparts heat to said bath.
  • the method of blowing heating gases through molten material in a furnace having a chamber for containing a ⁇ bath of the molten material comprising providing a bath of molten material in the furnace chamber, introducing separate supplies of fuel and a combustion assisting agent into the closed combustion chamber of an adjoining auxiliary furnace so as to produce within such combustion chamber from such constituents an intimate mixture of partially burnt, completely gaseous, combustible material, and injecting such partially burnt gaseous mixture into the bath of molten material in the furnace chamber at a place located below the upper surface of said bath to enable the combustion of such mixture to continue within the ybath during its rise towards the upper surface of the latter, whereby the combustion within the bath imparts heat to said bath.
  • Apparatus for heating molten materials comprising a furnace having a chamber for containing a bath of molten material, an auxiliary furnace adjacent to one wall of said furnace chamber and having a closed combustion chamber, means for introducing into said combustion chamber separate supplies of fuel and a combustion assisting agent so as to produce within such chamber lfrom such constituents an intimate mixture of partially burnt, completely gaseous, combusti-ble material, means for in jecting the partially burnt gaseous mixture of combustible material produced in said combustion chamber into the bath of molten material in said furnace chamber at a place located below the upper surface of said bath to enable the combustion of such mixture to continue within the bath during its rise towards the upper surface of the latter to impart heat to the bath, theV means for supplying one of the constituents into said combustion chamber being selectively movable relative to the means for supplying the other of the constituents therein to control the preburnt condition of the gaseous combustible material discharged from such chamber into the bath of molten material.
  • said means for injecting the partially burnt gaseous mixture of combustible material into the bath of molten material extends through said one side wall of said furnace at a place in which the supply pressure of such combustible material is sufficient to compensate for the hydrostatic pressure of the bath at the level of the discharge orifice of such injecting means
  • said constituent introducing means includes at least one constituent supply means capable of discharging such one constituent into said combustion chamber so that the entry liow thereof is substantially aligned with the axis of the discharge himself of such injecting means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
US157063A 1960-12-09 1961-12-05 Process and apparatus for heating molten materials by injection of flames into the bath Expired - Lifetime US3237929A (en)

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BE475592 1960-12-09

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US3237929A true US3237929A (en) 1966-03-01

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US (1) US3237929A (xx)
JP (1) JPS503962B1 (xx)
BE (1) BE598022A (xx)
CH (1) CH397970A (xx)
DK (1) DK106689C (xx)
ES (2) ES272734A1 (xx)
FI (1) FI41764B (xx)
GB (1) GB961585A (xx)
NL (2) NL6811209A (xx)
NO (1) NO120544B (xx)

Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0005729A1 (de) * 1978-05-22 1979-12-12 SAG Siegener AG Vorrichtung zum Beheizen von offenen Materialschmelzebädern, wie Verzinkungs-, Emaillier-, Verbleiungs-, Metall-, Glas- oder dgl. -bäder in Wannen oder Becken
US4539034A (en) * 1984-07-19 1985-09-03 Ppg Industries, Inc. Melting of glass with staged submerged combustion
US4545800A (en) * 1984-07-19 1985-10-08 Ppg Industries, Inc. Submerged oxygen-hydrogen combustion melting of glass
US5063759A (en) * 1990-08-10 1991-11-12 International Trade & Technologies, Inc. Security device for a trailer hitch or similar article
US6109062A (en) * 1996-10-08 2000-08-29 Richards; Raymond S. Apparatus for melting molten material
WO2005110933A1 (de) * 2004-05-10 2005-11-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum läutern von glas
EP2397446A2 (en) 2010-06-17 2011-12-21 Johns Manville Panel-cooled submerged combustion melter geometry and methods of making molten glass
EP2433911A1 (en) 2010-09-23 2012-03-28 Johns Manville Methods and apparatus for recycling glass products using submerged combustion
EP2578547A2 (en) 2011-10-07 2013-04-10 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems and methods
WO2013162986A1 (en) 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Johns Manville Submerged combustion melter comprising a melt exit structure designed to minimize impact of mechanical energy, and methods of making molten glass
WO2013188167A1 (en) 2012-06-11 2013-12-19 Manville, Johns Submerged combustion melting processes producing glass and similar materials, and systems for carrying out such processes
WO2013188082A1 (en) 2012-06-11 2013-12-19 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for conditioning molten glass
WO2014008045A1 (en) 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Manville, Johns Processes for producing molten glasses from glass batches using turbulent submerged combustion melting, and systems for carrying out such processes
US8875544B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2014-11-04 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use
WO2014193388A1 (en) 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass melting systems and methods of use
US8973400B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US8973405B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for reducing foaming downstream of a submerged combustion melter producing molten glass
US8991215B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-31 Johns Manville Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
US8997525B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-04-07 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
US9021838B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-05-05 Johns Manville Systems and methods for glass manufacturing
US9032760B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2015-05-19 Johns Manville Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers
US9096452B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-08-04 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
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ES273566A1 (es) 1962-03-16
ES272734A1 (es) 1962-03-01
DK106689C (da) 1967-03-06
BE598022A (xx) 1900-01-01
GB961585A (xx) 1900-01-01
NL6811209A (xx) 1968-10-25
FI41764B (xx) 1969-10-31
JPS503962B1 (xx) 1975-02-13
CH397970A (fr) 1965-08-31
NO120544B (xx) 1970-11-02
NL125544C (xx) 1900-01-01

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