US3235005A - Shaped explosive charge devices - Google Patents

Shaped explosive charge devices Download PDF

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US3235005A
US3235005A US164430A US16443061A US3235005A US 3235005 A US3235005 A US 3235005A US 164430 A US164430 A US 164430A US 16443061 A US16443061 A US 16443061A US 3235005 A US3235005 A US 3235005A
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explosive charge
perforation
liner
charge
reactive metal
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US164430A
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Delacour Jacques
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Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
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Societe de Prospection Electrique Schlumberger SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/032—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the material of the liner

Definitions

  • shaped explosive charge devices are frequently employed toperforate well casing and any surrounding body of'cement and formation material in order to bring a well'into production. While the perforating jets from such devices do penetrate the casing effectively and produce cracks in any surrounding cement, sometimes such cracking of the cement is only partially effective so that the throughput of fluid from any oil containing stratum behind the cement through the cracks and perforations is relatively small.
  • Shaped charge devices of this general character have also not been found entirely satisfactory for breaking up large blocks of rock in quarries or the like, since the number of fragments produced .is often very small.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide new and improved shaped explosive charge devices of the above character which, in well casing perforating operations, provide for the cleaning of the perforations which otherwise might be completely or partially plugged up with foreign matter of one kind or another.
  • the invention consists in providing between the actual explosive charge and the cavity which characterizes the shaped or hollow charge a substance or a mixture of substances which is adapted to produce a highly exothermic chemical reaction under the action of the explosion.
  • the chemical reaction may result from the interaction between the ingredients of the substance or mixture of substances, or it may involve said ingredients and the products of the explosion or even the components of the target.
  • the eaction should be of a highly exothermic character, it should not be explosive; in fact, it should have a speed of propagation which is substantially lower than the speed of detonation of the explosive forming the actual charge.
  • this result may be obtained by coating the usual charge liner, whether of metal or otherwise, which generally separates the explosive from the free space in the cavity of the charge with a layer of such a substance or mixture of substances.
  • This layer may be disposed either over the whole surface of the liner, or only on :part of the surface in the shape of a ring or separated elements, for example.
  • the active substance may furthermore be arranged either on the front surface of the liner or on the rear surface thereof facing the explosive, or again on both surfaces.
  • thecharge liner may be made out of a substance or mixture of substances having the properties defined hereinabove.
  • the invention is applicable in particular to shaped explosive charge devices which serve for perforating the casing lining the side wall of a Well together with any cement lying behind said casing, said devices being used at the level of the oil carrying strata for the purpose of bringing the well into production.
  • the perforating jet generally perforates the casing and the sur rounding cement fairly effectively but the cracks obtained in the cement are generally insufficient and consequently the fluid lying inside the oil containing strata behind the cement can flow through the cracks and perforations only with a very small throughput.
  • substances or mixtures of substances which may be used to produce the desired reactions may be mentioned more particularly titanium alone, or any other metal forming part of the titanium group, such as zirconium, hafnium, thorium, .etc., or a mixture or alloy of such metals.
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are similar views of other embodiments of shaped explosive charge devices according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a View in longitudinal section of a casing perforating device in which any of the charges shown in FIGS. l-6, inclusive, may be employed;
  • FIG. 8 is a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 denotes the casing of a shaped explosive charge device in which is formed a chamber containing an explosive charge 2 which is adapted to be detonated by a detonating device of any suitable type 3 set, for instance, at the rear of the charge.
  • a detonating device of any suitable type 3 set for instance, at the rear of the charge.
  • the conical liner 5 is made of copper or of any other neutral substance, but
  • this liner has a coating 6 on its outer surface of a substance capable of creating an exothermic reaction of the type hereinabove indicated, the thickness of said coating (titanium, for instance) being approximately 1 mm.
  • the charge shown in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 only in that the coating 6' intended to create the exothermic reaction is disposed behind the liner 5.
  • the device shown in FIG. 4 is the same as that of FIG. 2, but with the difference that the coating 7 is not laid down over the whole surf-ace of the liner 5 but is in the form of a truncated cone ring.
  • a corresponding ring 7 is set behind the liner 5.
  • All of the shaped charge devices shown in the figures described above can be used either directly as block breakers or for perforating the casing lining the inner wall of an oil well.
  • FIG. 7 shows a charge of one of the hereinabove types shown in FIGS. l6, inclusive, embodied in casing perforating apparatus.
  • FIG. 7, 8 denotes a cylindrical hollow extended body which is adapted to house a stack of longitudinally spaced apart shaped explosive charge devices (only one of which is shown in the figure) for perforating the easing 9 lining the inner wall of an oil well, together with any body of cement lying between the casing and the well wall.
  • 1 denotes the shaped charge case; 3 a detonating device comprising a length of primacord which is in detonating relation to all the charges in the apparatus; 2 the explosive charge; and 5 the liner set in the for-ward cavity of the charge.
  • the whole shaped charge assembly is introduced laterally through an opening in the forward wall of the cylinder 8 and is retained in place by a plug 10 screwed in the said opening, the case 1 bearing on the front edge of the opening on the one hand, and in the recess 11 formed in the rear wall of the cylinder 8 on the other hand.
  • the plug 10 is intended to be perforated in its center by the jet.
  • the liner 5 is made either of a material creating an exothermic reaction or of a neutral material coated entirely or partly with a substance having these properties, as in FIGS. 1-6, inclusive.
  • FIG. 8 comprises a device having one of the shaped explosive charges shown in FIGS. l6, inclusive, assembled in a well known manner into a housing 1 provided with a tightly-fitting stopper 12.
  • the assembly constitutes a complete unit which is pressure-resistant and capable of being freely lowered down a bore hole without being placed inside a housing, such as the housing 8 in FIG. 7.
  • a plurality of devices as in FIG. 8 may be suspended in a well-known manner one above the other inside the bore hole.
  • devices of this type can, without modification, be used as block breakers.
  • a shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for the entirety of said cavity disposed in contact with said explosive charge, said liner having a substantially uniform wall thickness and being composed substantially entirely of a reactive metal and cooperating with said explosive charge for forming a perforating jet which can penetrate said formation materials, said reactive metal being capable of producing a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said reactive metal having a rate of propagation which is lower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
  • a shaped explosive charge device for perforating earth formations and cracking such earth formations adjacent a well bore or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for the entirety of said cavity disposed in contact with said explosive charge, said liner being composed substantially entirely of a reactive metal and cooperating with said explosive charge for forming a perforating jet which can penetrate said formations, said reactive metal being capable of producing a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said reactive metal having a rate of propagation wihch is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
  • a shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a generally hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of a metal of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium and mixtures thereof and being capable of producing, a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said metal liner having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
  • a shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a generally hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of titanium and being capable of producing, a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said reactive liner having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
  • a shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting formation comprising an explosive charge having a generally hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of thorium and being capable of producing, a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
  • a shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a generally conical cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of titanium nand being capable of producing, when ignited, a highly exothermic reaction having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge to exert cracking forces in said mass of material when the mass of material is penetrated, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
  • the method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the steps of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of a reactive metal capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the reactive metal of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said reactive metal in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.
  • the method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a Well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the step-s of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of a reactive metal of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium and mixtures thereof, capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the reactive metal of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said reactive metal in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.
  • a reactive metal of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium and mixtures thereof capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction
  • the method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the steps of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of titanium capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the titanium of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said titanium in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.
  • the method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a Well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the steps of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of thorium capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the thorium of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said thorium in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.

Description

Feb. 15, 1966 J. DELACOUR 3,235,005
SHAPED EXPLOSIVE CHARGE DEVICES Original Filed Oct. 8, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR JACQUES DELACOU R HIS ATTORN EYS.
Feb. 15, 1966 J DELACOUR 3,235,005
SHAPED EXPLOSIVE CHARGE DEVICES Original Filed Oct. 8, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 7
FIG. 8
United States Patent 3,235,005 SHAPED .EXPLOSIVE CHARGE DEVICES Jacques Delacour, Paris, France, assignor to Societe de Prospection' Electrique, Procedes Schlumberger, Paris, France, a corporation of France Continuation of application Ser. No. 614,395, Oct. 8, 1956. This application Dec. 29, 1961, Ser. No. 164,430 Claims priority, application France,Nv. 9, 1955, 702,313 Claims. (Cl. 166-36) This invention relates to shaped'explosive charges and more particularly to new and improved shaped explosive charge devices which are capableof producing in hard materials greatly improved cracking .or breaking effects which in certain cases may occur after perforation has taken place.
This application is a continuation of application Serial No. 614,395, filed October 8, 1956.
In petroleum technology, shaped explosive charge devices are frequently employed toperforate well casing and any surrounding body of'cement and formation material in order to bring a well'into production. While the perforating jets from such devices do penetrate the casing effectively and produce cracks in any surrounding cement, sometimes such cracking of the cement is only partially effective so that the throughput of fluid from any oil containing stratum behind the cement through the cracks and perforations is relatively small.
Shaped charge devices of this general character have also not been found entirely satisfactory for breaking up large blocks of rock in quarries or the like, since the number of fragments produced .is often very small.
It is an object of the invention, accordingly, to provide new and improved shaped explosive charge devices of the above character which are capable of producing increased cracking and breaking effects.
Another object of the invention is to provide new and improved shaped explosive charge devices of the above character which, in well casing perforating operations, provide for the cleaning of the perforations which otherwise might be completely or partially plugged up with foreign matter of one kind or another.
To this end, the invention consists in providing between the actual explosive charge and the cavity which characterizes the shaped or hollow charge a substance or a mixture of substances which is adapted to produce a highly exothermic chemical reaction under the action of the explosion. The chemical reaction may result from the interaction between the ingredients of the substance or mixture of substances, or it may involve said ingredients and the products of the explosion or even the components of the target. While the eaction should be of a highly exothermic character, it should not be explosive; in fact, it should have a speed of propagation which is substantially lower than the speed of detonation of the explosive forming the actual charge.
In practice, this result may be obtained by coating the usual charge liner, whether of metal or otherwise, which generally separates the explosive from the free space in the cavity of the charge with a layer of such a substance or mixture of substances. This layer may be disposed either over the whole surface of the liner, or only on :part of the surface in the shape of a ring or separated elements, for example.
The active substance may furthermore be arranged either on the front surface of the liner or on the rear surface thereof facing the explosive, or again on both surfaces. Alternatively, thecharge liner may be made out of a substance or mixture of substances having the properties defined hereinabove.
3,235,005 Patented Feb. 15, 1966 It has been found that shaped explosive charge devices constructed according to the invention have a much higher breaking action than that of conventional hollow charges. This action affects the material which has been previously perforated by the charge by reason of the fact that the exothermic reaction progresses only inside the mass of material which is tobe cracked. Such cracking and breaking effects are not obtained when conventional shaped charge devices are used.
As mentioned hereinabove, the invention is applicable in particular to shaped explosive charge devices which serve for perforating the casing lining the side wall of a Well together with any cement lying behind said casing, said devices being used at the level of the oil carrying strata for the purpose of bringing the well into production. With conventional shaped charges, the perforating jet generally perforates the casing and the sur rounding cement fairly effectively but the cracks obtained in the cement are generally insufficient and consequently the fluid lying inside the oil containing strata behind the cement can flow through the cracks and perforations only with a very small throughput.
With shaped charges according to the invention, it is possible to produce in the cement masses and in the adjacent strata of the ground, large cracks which remain open as mentioned hereinabove and through which the fluid may flow out until it reaches the perforations in the casing. This obviously increases to a considerable extent the throughput of fluid passing out of said perforations.
In the case of block breaking charges, these improved shaped charges enable large blocks to be broken into a great number of fragments, whereas the conventional shaped charges produce a very small number of frag ments.
Among the substances or mixtures of substances which may be used to produce the desired reactions, may be mentioned more particularly titanium alone, or any other metal forming part of the titanium group, such as zirconium, hafnium, thorium, .etc., or a mixture or alloy of such metals.
Any of the following mixtures may also be used.
Various embodiments of the invention have been shown diagrammatically on the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section of a shaped charge according to a first embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are similar views of other embodiments of shaped explosive charge devices according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a View in longitudinal section of a casing perforating device in which any of the charges shown in FIGS. l-6, inclusive, may be employed; and
FIG. 8 is a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of the invention.
In FIG. 1, 1 denotes the casing of a shaped explosive charge device in which is formed a chamber containing an explosive charge 2 which is adapted to be detonated by a detonating device of any suitable type 3 set, for instance, at the rear of the charge. Formed in the explosive charge 2 in a conical cavity 4 provided with a liner 5, which, according to the invention, is made of titaniurn, for instance, or of any other substance capable of creating a highly exothermic reaction upon detonation of the charge.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the conical liner 5 is made of copper or of any other neutral substance, but
this liner has a coating 6 on its outer surface of a substance capable of creating an exothermic reaction of the type hereinabove indicated, the thickness of said coating (titanium, for instance) being approximately 1 mm.
The charge shown in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 only in that the coating 6' intended to create the exothermic reaction is disposed behind the liner 5.
The device shown in FIG. 4 is the same as that of FIG. 2, but with the difference that the coating 7 is not laid down over the whole surf-ace of the liner 5 but is in the form of a truncated cone ring.
In FIG. 5, a corresponding ring 7 is set behind the liner 5.
Lastly, in FIG. 6, the ring of FIG. 4 is replaced by discrete portions 13 evenly distributed over the surface of the liner.
All of the shaped charge devices shown in the figures described above can be used either directly as block breakers or for perforating the casing lining the inner wall of an oil well.
FIG. 7 shows a charge of one of the hereinabove types shown in FIGS. l6, inclusive, embodied in casing perforating apparatus.
In FIG. 7, 8 denotes a cylindrical hollow extended body which is adapted to house a stack of longitudinally spaced apart shaped explosive charge devices (only one of which is shown in the figure) for perforating the easing 9 lining the inner wall of an oil well, together with any body of cement lying between the casing and the well wall. 1 denotes the shaped charge case; 3 a detonating device comprising a length of primacord which is in detonating relation to all the charges in the apparatus; 2 the explosive charge; and 5 the liner set in the for-ward cavity of the charge. The whole shaped charge assembly is introduced laterally through an opening in the forward wall of the cylinder 8 and is retained in place by a plug 10 screwed in the said opening, the case 1 bearing on the front edge of the opening on the one hand, and in the recess 11 formed in the rear wall of the cylinder 8 on the other hand. The plug 10 is intended to be perforated in its center by the jet.
According to the invention, the liner 5 is made either of a material creating an exothermic reaction or of a neutral material coated entirely or partly with a substance having these properties, as in FIGS. 1-6, inclusive.
Experiments have shown that the use of such a shaped charge in this particular case not only enables a better splitting of the cement and of the geologic strata lying behind the tubing 9 to be obtained, but also acts to clean out the perforations which otherwise might fill up with foreign matter of one kind or another. By keeping the perforations clean and free of foreign matter in this manner, the throughput of the fluid from the formations is, of course, increased.
The embodiment of FIG. 8 comprises a device having one of the shaped explosive charges shown in FIGS. l6, inclusive, assembled in a well known manner into a housing 1 provided with a tightly-fitting stopper 12. In this embodiment, the assembly constitutes a complete unit which is pressure-resistant and capable of being freely lowered down a bore hole without being placed inside a housing, such as the housing 8 in FIG. 7. If desired, a plurality of devices as in FIG. 8 may be suspended in a well-known manner one above the other inside the bore hole. Also, devices of this type can, without modification, be used as block breakers.
It is obvious that the specific embodiments described above are susceptible of modification in form and detail within the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the latter is not to be limited to the exemplary devices herein disclosed, but comprehends all variations thereof falling within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for the entirety of said cavity disposed in contact with said explosive charge, said liner having a substantially uniform wall thickness and being composed substantially entirely of a reactive metal and cooperating with said explosive charge for forming a perforating jet which can penetrate said formation materials, said reactive metal being capable of producing a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said reactive metal having a rate of propagation which is lower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
2. A shaped explosive charge device for perforating earth formations and cracking such earth formations adjacent a well bore or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for the entirety of said cavity disposed in contact with said explosive charge, said liner being composed substantially entirely of a reactive metal and cooperating with said explosive charge for forming a perforating jet which can penetrate said formations, said reactive metal being capable of producing a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said reactive metal having a rate of propagation wihch is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
3. A shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a generally hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of a metal of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium and mixtures thereof and being capable of producing, a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said metal liner having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
4. A shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a generally hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of titanium and being capable of producing, a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction of said reactive liner having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
5. A shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting formation comprising an explosive charge having a generally hollow cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of thorium and being capable of producing, a highly exothermic reaction in the penetrated formation materials and capable of exerting cracking forces therein, the reaction having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
6. A shaped explosive charge device for perforating formation materials and cracking such materials or cleaning the resulting perforation comprising an explosive charge having a generally conical cavity formed in the front part thereof, a liner for said entire cavity in contact with said explosive charge and capable of collapsing upon detonation of said charge to form a fluid jet, said liner being composed substantially entirely of titanium nand being capable of producing, when ignited, a highly exothermic reaction having a rate of propagation which is slower than the rate of detonation of said explosive charge to exert cracking forces in said mass of material when the mass of material is penetrated, said cavity being otherwise free of any mass.
7. The method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the steps of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of a reactive metal capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the reactive metal of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said reactive metal in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.
8. The method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a Well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the step-s of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of a reactive metal of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium and mixtures thereof, capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the reactive metal of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said reactive metal in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.
9. The method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the steps of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of titanium capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the titanium of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said titanium in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.
10. The method of penetrating earth formations surrounding a Well bore by means of a shaped explosive charge including the steps of providing a liner for said charge comprised at least in substantial part of thorium capable of producing when activated, a highly exothermic reaction, detonating said charge to produce a perforation in said formation and carry the thorium of said liner into the perforation for activation therein, activating said thorium in said perforation to create pressure forces in the formation masses surrounding the perforation effective to crack the masses and maintain the perforation substantially free of debris.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,323,303 7/1943 Bluehdorn et a1. 10290 2,605,703 8/1952 Lawson.
2,650,539 9/1953 Greene 10221.6 2,972,948 2/1961 Dray 102-56 FOREIGN PATENTS 573,078 11/ 1945 Great Britain. 693,163 6/1953 Great Britain.
SAMUEL FEINBERG, Primary Examiner.
SAMUEL BOYD, Examiner.

Claims (2)

1. A SHAPED EXPLOSIVE CHARGE DEVICE FOR PERFORATING FORMATION MATERIALS AND CRACKING SUCH MATERIALS OR CLEANING THE RESULTING PERFORATION COMPRISING AN EXPLOSIVE CHARGE HAVING A HOLLOW CAVITY FORMED IN THE FRONT PART THEREOF, A LINER FOR THE ENTIRELY OF SAID CAVITY DISPOSED IN CONTACT WITH SAID EXPLOSIVE CHARGE, SAID LINER HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM THICKNESS AND BEING COMPOSED SUBSTANTIALLY ENTIRELY OF A REACTIVE METAL AND COOPERATING WITH SAID EXPLOSIVE CHARGE FOR FORMING A PERFORATING JET WHICH CAN PENETRATE SAID PRODUCING MATERIALS, SAID REACTIVE METAL BEING CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A HIGHLY EXOTHERMIC REACTION IN THE PENETRATED FORMATION MATERIALS AND CAPABLE OF EXERTING CRACKING FORCES THEREIN, THE REACTION OF SAID REACTIVE METAL HAVING A RATE OF PROPAGATION WHICH IS LOWER THAN THE RATE OF DETONATION OF SAID EXPLO-
7. THE METHOD OF PENETRATING EARTH FORMATIONS SURROUNDING A WELL BORE BY MEANS OF A SHAPED EXPLOSIVE CHARGE INCLUDING THE STEPS OF PROVIDING A LINER FOR SAID CHARGE COMPRISED AT LEAST IN SUBSTANTIAL PART OF A REACTIVE METAL CAPABLE OF PRODUCING WHEN ACTIVATED, A HIGHLY EXOTHERMIC REACTION, DETONATION SAID CHARGE TO PRODUCE A PERFORATION IN SAID FORMATION AND CARRY THE REACTIVE METAL OF SAID LINER INTO THE PERFORATION FOR ACTIVATION THEREIN, ACTIVATING SAID REACTIVE METAL IN SAID PERFORATION TO CREATE PRESSURE FORCES IN THE FORMATION MASSES SURROUNDING THE PERFORATION EFFECTIVE TO CRACK THE MASSES AND MAINTAIN THE PERFORATION SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF DEBRIS.
US164430A 1956-01-04 1961-12-29 Shaped explosive charge devices Expired - Lifetime US3235005A (en)

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Cited By (41)

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US3675575A (en) * 1969-05-23 1972-07-11 Us Navy Coruscative shaped charge having improved jet characteristics
US3797391A (en) * 1972-11-20 1974-03-19 Us Air Force Multiple charge incendiary bomblet
US3948181A (en) * 1973-05-14 1976-04-06 Chamberlain Manufacturing Corporation Shaped charge
US3965993A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-06-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Well bore perforating apparatus
US3991836A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-11-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Well bore perforating apparatus
US4510870A (en) * 1981-07-27 1985-04-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Charge liner construction and method
US4590861A (en) * 1983-05-13 1986-05-27 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Insert for a projectile-forming charge
US4702171A (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-10-27 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries Hollow charges
US4901619A (en) * 1987-12-14 1990-02-20 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Shaped charge with barrier produced in situ
US4922825A (en) * 1986-07-24 1990-05-08 L'etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue Ministeriel Pour L'armement Core-forming explosive charge
US5033387A (en) * 1981-11-07 1991-07-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Explosive charge facing
USD378847S (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-04-15 Dyno Wesfarmers Limited Shaped charge cover
US6098707A (en) * 1998-04-24 2000-08-08 The Ensign-Bickford Company Perforation gun for well casing
US20050011395A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2005-01-20 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Reactive shaped charges and thermal spray methods of making same
WO2005035939A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-21 Qinetiq Limited Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
US20060266551A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped Charges for Creating Enhanced Perforation Tunnel in a Well Formation
US7278354B1 (en) 2003-05-27 2007-10-09 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Shock initiation devices including reactive multilayer structures
US20080035007A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2008-02-14 Nielson Daniel B Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US20080034951A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2008-02-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating system comprising an energetic material
US20100096136A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2010-04-22 Brian Bourne oil well perforators
US20100133005A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Matthew Robert George Bell Method for the Enhancement of Dynamic Underbalanced Systems and Optimization of Gun Weight
US20100132947A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Matthew Robert George Bell Method for Perforating Failure-Prone Formations
US20100132946A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Matthew Robert George Bell Method for the Enhancement of Injection Activities and Stimulation of Oil and Gas Production
US20100319562A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge liner with varying thickness
US20110139505A1 (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge
EP2370669A2 (en) 2008-12-01 2011-10-05 Geodynamics, Inc. Method for perforating a wellbore in low underbalance systems
US20130104765A1 (en) * 2009-07-27 2013-05-02 Frederick P. Stecher Reactive material enhanced projectiles, devices for generating reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US8621999B1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2014-01-07 Lockheed Martin Corporation Coruscative white light generator
US9470483B1 (en) * 2015-04-14 2016-10-18 Zeping Wang Oil shaped charge for deeper penetration
US9499895B2 (en) 2003-06-16 2016-11-22 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Reactive materials and thermal spray methods of making same
US9702669B1 (en) * 1985-02-01 2017-07-11 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge
US9862027B1 (en) 2017-01-12 2018-01-09 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same
WO2018177733A1 (en) 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge with self-contained and compressed explosive initiation pellet
WO2018234013A1 (en) 2017-06-23 2018-12-27 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same
WO2019052927A1 (en) 2017-09-14 2019-03-21 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, shaped charge for high temperature wellbore operations and method of perforating a wellbore using same
CN111043912A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-21 山东科技大学 Efficient combined energy-gathering directional blasting device and using method thereof
US10704867B2 (en) 2010-07-29 2020-07-07 Qinetiq Limited Oil well perforators
US11215039B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2022-01-04 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge
US11378363B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2022-07-05 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Contoured liner for a rectangular slotted shaped charge
US11492877B2 (en) 2017-11-29 2022-11-08 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Closure member and encapsulated slotted shaped charge with closure member
US11661824B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2023-05-30 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Autonomous perforating drone

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US3135205A (en) * 1959-03-03 1964-06-02 Hycon Mfg Company Coruscative ballistic device
US3147707A (en) * 1961-05-26 1964-09-08 Jet Res Ct Inc Shaped explosive device and type metal liner for the cavity thereof
US3136249A (en) * 1961-06-12 1964-06-09 Jet Res Ct Inc Shaped charge explosive unit and liner therefor
US3269467A (en) * 1964-06-11 1966-08-30 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Shaped charge apparatus
SE445670B (en) * 1982-01-15 1986-07-07 Bofors Ab CHARGING WITH DIRECTED EXPLOSION
DE3508740A1 (en) * 1985-03-12 1986-10-16 Karl 8898 Schrobenhausen Rudolf Shaped charge for use against concrete-reinforced and/or stone-reinforced targets
DE3628622C1 (en) * 1986-08-22 1996-08-08 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Device for producing projectiles by means of explosions
DE3638798C1 (en) * 1986-11-13 2002-02-28 Diehl Stiftung & Co Multi-layer insert for shaped charges against concrete targets, in particular flight runways
US4766813A (en) * 1986-12-29 1988-08-30 Olin Corporation Metal shaped charge liner with isotropic coating
US6453817B1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2002-09-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge capsule
US20050199323A1 (en) 2004-03-15 2005-09-15 Nielson Daniel B. Reactive material enhanced munition compositions and projectiles containing same

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US2323303A (en) * 1941-06-27 1943-07-06 William R Biuchdorn Incendiary bullet
GB573078A (en) * 1942-10-05 1945-11-06 Bath And Portland Stone Firms Improvements in or relating to bombs, mortar-shells, rifle grenades, anti-tank shells, torpedoes and the like
US2605703A (en) * 1944-07-06 1952-08-05 Du Pont Liner for hollow charges
US2650539A (en) * 1947-08-23 1953-09-01 Haskell M Greene Cleaning of well perforations
GB693163A (en) * 1949-01-10 1953-06-24 Gulf Research Development Co Explosively operated apparatus for placing radio-active markers in boreholes
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Cited By (80)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3675575A (en) * 1969-05-23 1972-07-11 Us Navy Coruscative shaped charge having improved jet characteristics
US3797391A (en) * 1972-11-20 1974-03-19 Us Air Force Multiple charge incendiary bomblet
US3948181A (en) * 1973-05-14 1976-04-06 Chamberlain Manufacturing Corporation Shaped charge
US3965993A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-06-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Well bore perforating apparatus
US3991836A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-11-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Well bore perforating apparatus
US4510870A (en) * 1981-07-27 1985-04-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Charge liner construction and method
US5033387A (en) * 1981-11-07 1991-07-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Explosive charge facing
US4590861A (en) * 1983-05-13 1986-05-27 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Insert for a projectile-forming charge
US9702669B1 (en) * 1985-02-01 2017-07-11 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge
US4702171A (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-10-27 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries Hollow charges
US4922825A (en) * 1986-07-24 1990-05-08 L'etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue Ministeriel Pour L'armement Core-forming explosive charge
US4901619A (en) * 1987-12-14 1990-02-20 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Shaped charge with barrier produced in situ
USD378847S (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-04-15 Dyno Wesfarmers Limited Shaped charge cover
US6098707A (en) * 1998-04-24 2000-08-08 The Ensign-Bickford Company Perforation gun for well casing
US9982981B2 (en) 2000-02-23 2018-05-29 Orbital Atk, Inc. Articles of ordnance including reactive material enhanced projectiles, and related methods
US9103641B2 (en) 2000-02-23 2015-08-11 Orbital Atk, Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US7658148B2 (en) * 2003-05-27 2010-02-09 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Reactive shaped charges comprising thermal sprayed reactive components
US7278353B2 (en) 2003-05-27 2007-10-09 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Reactive shaped charges and thermal spray methods of making same
US7278354B1 (en) 2003-05-27 2007-10-09 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Shock initiation devices including reactive multilayer structures
US20080173206A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2008-07-24 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Reactive shaped charges comprising thermal sprayed reactive components
US20050011395A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2005-01-20 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Reactive shaped charges and thermal spray methods of making same
US9499895B2 (en) 2003-06-16 2016-11-22 Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc. Reactive materials and thermal spray methods of making same
US20070056462A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2007-03-15 Qinetiq Limited Oil well perforators
WO2005035939A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-21 Qinetiq Limited Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
NO332903B1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2013-01-28 Qinetiq Ltd Perforator, perforation gun, method and use
CN1886574B (en) * 2003-10-10 2012-11-14 秦内蒂克有限公司 Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
US8220394B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2012-07-17 Qinetiq Limited Oil well perforators
EP2320025A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2011-05-11 Qinetiq Limited Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
US20060266551A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped Charges for Creating Enhanced Perforation Tunnel in a Well Formation
US8584772B2 (en) 2005-05-25 2013-11-19 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charges for creating enhanced perforation tunnel in a well formation
US20080035007A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2008-02-14 Nielson Daniel B Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US8122833B2 (en) 2005-10-04 2012-02-28 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US20080034951A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2008-02-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating system comprising an energetic material
US9062534B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2015-06-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating system comprising an energetic material
RU2442948C2 (en) * 2006-05-26 2012-02-20 Бейкер Хьюз Инкорпорейтед Hollow charge and perforating system containing energy material
NO20085222L (en) * 2006-05-26 2008-12-22 Baker Hughes Inc Perforation system comprising an energy-rich material
WO2008066572A3 (en) * 2006-05-26 2008-08-07 Baker Hughes Inc Perforating system comprising an energetic material
NO341509B1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2017-11-27 Baker Hughes A Ge Co Llc Perforation system comprising an energy-rich material
WO2008066572A2 (en) 2006-05-26 2008-06-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating system comprising an energetic material
US20100096136A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2010-04-22 Brian Bourne oil well perforators
EP3144630A1 (en) 2007-02-20 2017-03-22 QinetiQ Limited Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
EP3144629A1 (en) 2007-02-20 2017-03-22 QinetiQ Limited Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
EP3144629B1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2020-01-29 GEODynamics, Inc. Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
EP3144630B1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2020-01-15 GEODynamics, Inc. Improvements in and relating to oil well perforators
US8544563B2 (en) 2007-02-20 2013-10-01 Qinetiq Limited Oil well perforators
US8726995B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2014-05-20 Geodynamics, Inc. Method for the enhancement of dynamic underbalanced systems and optimization of gun weight
US8245770B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2012-08-21 Geodynamics, Inc. Method for perforating failure-prone formations
EP2370669A2 (en) 2008-12-01 2011-10-05 Geodynamics, Inc. Method for perforating a wellbore in low underbalance systems
US20100133005A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Matthew Robert George Bell Method for the Enhancement of Dynamic Underbalanced Systems and Optimization of Gun Weight
US10337310B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2019-07-02 Geodynamics, Inc. Method for the enhancement and stimulation of oil and gas production in shales
US20100132947A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Matthew Robert George Bell Method for Perforating Failure-Prone Formations
US20100132946A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Matthew Robert George Bell Method for the Enhancement of Injection Activities and Stimulation of Oil and Gas Production
US9644460B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2017-05-09 Geodynamics, Inc. Method for the enhancement of injection activities and stimulation of oil and gas production
US8166882B2 (en) * 2009-06-23 2012-05-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge liner with varying thickness
US20100319562A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge liner with varying thickness
US9683821B2 (en) 2009-07-27 2017-06-20 Orbital Atk, Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles, devices for generating reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US20130104765A1 (en) * 2009-07-27 2013-05-02 Frederick P. Stecher Reactive material enhanced projectiles, devices for generating reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US8443731B1 (en) * 2009-07-27 2013-05-21 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles, devices for generating reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US8167044B2 (en) 2009-12-16 2012-05-01 Sclumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge
US20110139505A1 (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge
US10704867B2 (en) 2010-07-29 2020-07-07 Qinetiq Limited Oil well perforators
US11112221B2 (en) 2010-07-29 2021-09-07 Qinetiq Limited Oil well perforators
US8621999B1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2014-01-07 Lockheed Martin Corporation Coruscative white light generator
US11702912B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2023-07-18 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge
US11215039B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2022-01-04 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge
US9470483B1 (en) * 2015-04-14 2016-10-18 Zeping Wang Oil shaped charge for deeper penetration
US9862027B1 (en) 2017-01-12 2018-01-09 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same
WO2018130369A1 (en) 2017-01-12 2018-07-19 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner and shaped charge incorporating same
WO2018130368A1 (en) 2017-01-12 2018-07-19 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same
US10376955B2 (en) 2017-01-12 2019-08-13 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner and shaped charge incorporating same
WO2018177733A1 (en) 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge with self-contained and compressed explosive initiation pellet
US10739115B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2020-08-11 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same
WO2018234013A1 (en) 2017-06-23 2018-12-27 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same
WO2019052927A1 (en) 2017-09-14 2019-03-21 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, shaped charge for high temperature wellbore operations and method of perforating a wellbore using same
US11340047B2 (en) * 2017-09-14 2022-05-24 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Shaped charge liner, shaped charge for high temperature wellbore operations and method of perforating a wellbore using same
US11492877B2 (en) 2017-11-29 2022-11-08 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Closure member and encapsulated slotted shaped charge with closure member
US11661824B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2023-05-30 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Autonomous perforating drone
US11378363B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2022-07-05 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Contoured liner for a rectangular slotted shaped charge
CN111043912A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-21 山东科技大学 Efficient combined energy-gathering directional blasting device and using method thereof
CN111043912B (en) * 2019-12-18 2022-08-23 山东科技大学 Efficient combined energy-gathering directional blasting device and using method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB839872A (en) 1960-06-29
DE1182999B (en) 1964-12-03
BE551007A (en)
NL107034C (en) 1900-01-01
CH331626A (en) 1958-07-31
CH361232A (en) 1962-03-31
NL210985A (en) 1964-01-15

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