US3234904A - Device for tesiprinting - Google Patents

Device for tesiprinting Download PDF

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Publication number
US3234904A
US3234904A US202900A US20290062A US3234904A US 3234904 A US3234904 A US 3234904A US 202900 A US202900 A US 202900A US 20290062 A US20290062 A US 20290062A US 3234904 A US3234904 A US 3234904A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
character
toner
printing
charge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US202900A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward M Van Wagner
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Priority to US202900A priority Critical patent/US3234904A/en
Priority to GB21242/63A priority patent/GB1024635A/en
Priority to DER35432A priority patent/DE1227484B/de
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Publication of US3234904A publication Critical patent/US3234904A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/34—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner
    • G03G15/344—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array
    • G03G15/348—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array using a stylus or a multi-styli array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/09—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush
    • G03G15/0914—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush with a one-component toner
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/34—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner
    • G03G15/344—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/14—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by electrographic printing, e.g. xerography; by magnetographic printing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • latent electrostatic image are generally formed for use in the graphic arts by charging a photoconductive insulating member to sensitize it and then subjecting it to a light image or other pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation which serves to render it relatively conductive in radiation struck areas, thereby dissipating charge in those areas and leaving a charge pattern conforming .to the electromagnetic radiation pattern.
  • a uniform change pattern is placed over the whole surface of the photoconductor and selectively dissipated in accordance with the image to 'be reproduced.
  • the image is then developed or made visible by the deposition thereon of electros-tatically attracta ble finely divided colored material referred to in the art as toner.
  • electrostatic latent images may advantageously be formed upon insulating mediums by controlled or selective charging from a shaped electrode thereby eliminating the need for a photoconductor and an exposure step. Since the low photographic speed of the photoconductors had been the main speed limiting factor in the formation of electrostatic images, it has been found that this new method of image formation known as TESI-printing is virtually instantaneous in its response and is well adapted for the recording of conventional coded electric signals including high speed alphanumeric computer output printing, high speed facsimile output printing, or the like. Typical applications of TESI-printing are disclosed in US. Patents 2,919,967 and 2,978,968 to Schwertz, and in copendapplication S.N.
  • TESI-printing devices form latent electrostatic charge patterns in the desired configuration.
  • charge patterns In order to see these charge patterns on the insulating medium, they must be developed or made visible by allowing them to collect colored finely divided electroscopic material, known in .the art as toner, at a developing station, generally requiring both temporal and spatial separation between change printing and image visibility.
  • FIGURE 1 is a sectional view through a stationary apparatus embodying the novel printing technique of this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a section view taken along lines 2-2 of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 are side and perspective views respectively illustrating the application of the printing technique of this invention to a high speed alphanumeric TESI-printing cylinder for line-at-a-time printing.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates an embodiment of this invention utilizing a pin matrix TESI-printer.
  • FIGURE 6 is a plan view of the pin matrix of FIG- URE 5.
  • FIGURE 1 which illustrates a relatively simple apparatus to facilitate describing the concept of this invention
  • a metallic backing electrode 11 Opposite and spaced from backing electrode 1 1 is an electrode 12 having raised portions 13 in the form of the character to be printed.
  • FIGURE 2 which is a view of the face of the electrode taken along section lines 2-2 of FIGURE 1.
  • the whole electrode may be in the form of the character to be printed and may optionally be surrounded with insulating material on its sides, so that the electrode and insulating material have a flush face.
  • backing electrode 11 may have a roughened or grained surface and may even be in the form of a screen, it has a relatively smooth surface ascompared with the hills and Valleys formed by the raised portions 13 on the character electrode 12.
  • a portion of the printing member 15 is shown in the gap formed by the two opposed electrodes 11 and 12.
  • the printing member 15 is made up of a layer of paper 16 overcoated with a thin layer of insulating material 17 such as CYMAC, an alkyd resin available from American Cyanamid Corporation.
  • insulating material 17 such as CYMAC, an alkyd resin available from American Cyanamid Corporation.
  • any good dielectric material may be used including cellulose triacetate, polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar) or the like.
  • a uniform layer of developing material 18 made up of finely divided particles is coated on the upper surface of backing electrode 11. It should be appreciated that considerably more material would be present than is shown in this illustration. This developing material shown in this view is made up of negatively charged insulating par-ticles.
  • the polarity of charge selected for the developing particles is dependent on the polarity of the pulse applied to transfer these particles and the electrode to which it is applied.
  • Insulating particles of the type generally used in Xerographic development are suitable for use with this invention. Such particles, known in the art as toners, generally have average particle size of about 4 to 10 microns. Particles of this type are more fully described in US. Patent 2,891,011 to Insalaco and 2,940,934 to Carlson, among others.
  • conductive particles may be used by taking advantage of charge induced in these particles. The use of both conductive and insulating particles is more fully explained hereinafter.
  • a pair of insulating blocks or shims 20 and 21 on either side of the backing electrode 11 serve to space this developer coated electrode from the printing member 15 and to establish a definite air gap.
  • backing electrode 11 is connected to one output lead of the secondary winding 22 of a transformer 23, the other output lead of the secondary winding being connected to ground. Since the character electrode 12 is also connected to ground, any output voltage induced in the secondary winding 22 of the transformer 23 appears across the two electrodes.
  • the primary winding 25 of transformer 23 is connected in a circuit including a double-pole single-throw switch 26, a DC.
  • each of power source 27 and capacitor 28 are connected to one side of the primary winding while the opposite sides of the capacitor and power source are connected to the movable contact of the switch and one of the fixed contacts of the switch respectively. Since the second output lead of the primary winding is connected to the other fixed contact of the switch, manipulation of the movable switch contact will connect capacitor 28 either across power source 27 or the primary winding 25.
  • the power source 27 is used to charge capacitor 28 and it is dischargedacross the primary winding 25 to provide a pulse to the'backing electrode 11 to secondary winding 22. Since the secondary winding 22 of transformer 23 is provided with more turns than the primary winding 25 an increased voltage will be applied to the backing electrode 11.
  • the system is arranged to apply a negativepulse to the backing electrode -11.
  • This pulse sets up an intense electric field between electrodes 11 and 12 and since the pulse is negative it repels the negatively charged toner 18 from those areas of the electrode 11 where this field is most intense. Since electric field intensity between two plates is equal to the voltage applied across the plates divided by the distance between the plates, the field intensity in the gap opposite the raised portion 13 of electrode 12 will be significantly higher than that opposite the remaining portions of electrode 12. Thus, the strongest electric field in the gap will be representative of the character to be printed.
  • the field opposite the raised character may be made strong enough to repel toner 18 from the backing electrode to the surface 17 of printing member 15 in character configuration, while the field applied to other sections of the toner layer is not large enough to transfer toner.
  • the necessary parameters of this TESI-printing technique such as gap spacing, toner charge, and pulse magnitude are mutually dependent, the parameters most often used with this novel technique are very likely to produce an ionizing field discharge in the gap and charge deposition on the printing web because they are above those necessary'for ordinary TESI-printing. When this is considered, the wholeprinting technique of this invention becomes paradoxical.
  • a positive pulse may be applied to the character electrode 12 to attract the toner particles 18 across the gap.
  • Positively charged toner may also be used in conjunction with a positive repelling charge on the backing electrode 11 or a negative attracting charge on character electrode 12.
  • Conductive toners have also been used in place of charged insulating toners by taking advantage of the charge induced in the toner by the electric field. In this case, either polarity of pulse may be applied to the character electrode to attract the developing material towards the printing member 15 since the pulse will induce charge in the toner prior to moving it towards the printing member. Almost any finely divided conductive material may be used as a conductive developer including copper,
  • Suitable conductive developers which were tested include carbonyl iron, charcoal powder, and iron filings.
  • gap spacing, pulse duration and magnitude, and the mass of and the charge on the developing material are all interrelated factors
  • tests using standard xerographie toners were used for printing on CYMAC coated paper with gap spacings ranging from 2 to 7 mils and pulses of from 600 to 2,000 volts ranging up in duration above 1.5 microseconds. It was generally found that pulses of 6 microseconds transferred satisfactory images under all conditions tested so that this was the maximum necessary pulse duration.
  • a pre-conditioning voltage may be applied to the deposited toner layer through the backing electrode to give the toner a strong uniform charge. By applying this pre-conditioning voltage a stronger charge is imparted to the toner resulting in cleaner, sharper prints upon application of the transfer pulse.
  • a pre-conditioning voltage of +1200 volts was first applied to the base electrode to charge the toner layer negative and this charging voltage was removed prior to actuation of the device.
  • Biasing voltages ranging down to about +800 volts were also effective for this purpose.
  • the biasing voltage technique was used with charged insulating toners, the polarity of the voltage was opposite to that of the charge on the toner.
  • Other particle precharging techniques may also'be used in place of the biasing step.
  • a corona generating filament or filament array of the type shown in US. Patents 2,588,699 to Carlson or 2,836,725 to Vyverberg may be spaced above the toner layer to charge the particles to one polarity prior to their selective recharging by the character electrode.
  • Toner or developing material
  • Toner may be deposited on'the backing electrode in many different ways.
  • this depositing technique it'is also desirable that this depositing technique also serve to charge the toner to the correct polarity.
  • Many of the techniques now in use for developing latent electrostatic images in xerography serve admirably for depositingauniform layer of toner on the backing electrode as well as to charge insulating toner if it is used.
  • a powder cloud developing apparatus such as those disclosed in US. Patent 2,862,646 to Hayford and 2,918,900 to Carlson, and 2,943,950 to Ricker, are well suited for coating the backing electrode.
  • this type of device may use insulating or conductive toner interchangeably.
  • the two element developing'mixture described above is dropped from a height of about 68 inches onto the backing electrode surface.
  • the carrier beads hit the base electrode they bounce clear but'the momentum imparted to the toner particles is sufiicient to shake them loose from the carrier and allow them to stick to the metal base probably by an induction of their own charge into the metal. In this manner a charged uniform layer of toner is deposited on the base electrode.
  • any conductive material makes a suitable backing electrode and some materials that were successfully used include a 150 mesh stainless steel screen, a smooth brass plate, a grained aluminum or zinc plate, etc. These materials also work well when covered or coated with a thin layer of cellophane which was applied to eliminate any possible mechanical attraction that might exist between the brase electrode and the toner layer. All of these backing electrode materials produced good quality images.
  • FIGURE 3 which shows an apparatus for applying the printing technique of this invention to a high speed alphanumeric printer, includes a character cylinder 27 which may, for example, contain 40 character columns or rings next to each other along the cylinder surface. Each character column along the cylinder or drum contains a ring of conductive electrodes 28 in the form of the characters to be printed. These may include, for example, all of the letters of the alphabet, the numbers 0-9, and any other arbitrary symbols or characters as desired. Spaced slightly from the drum surface is a backing electrode belt 30 trained around three rollers 31 at least one of which is driven so as to movethe belt at the same peripheral speed as the character cylinder. In this instance the belt is made up of anumber of conductive strips 32 which are electrically separated from each other.
  • the strips are separated by very thin intermediate strips of an insulating material 33.
  • the whole backing electrode belt is covered with toner each time it moves around the rolls 31 as more fully explained in connection with FIGURE 4 below.
  • Each of the contacts 35 is in sliding contact with its associated conductive belt strip.
  • a printing web which is not shown in FIGURE 3, is normally moved through the gap between the character cylinder 27 and the toner covered backing electrode belt 30 being held closely against the character cylinder.
  • a line of selected chanacters may be printed across the printing web by the movement of toner from backing electrode 30 as explained in connection with FIGURES 1 and 2 above.
  • a complete line of print is applied to the printing web and the web is intermittently moved forward a distance equivalent to one line of print between successive li-ne printings.
  • This type of printer may be tied to the output of a computing device by utilizing a circuitry of the type disclosed in US. Patent 2,919,967 to Schwertz in which case the connections to electrodes 14 and shown in FIGURE 1 of that patent, would be made to contacts 35 as shown in FIGURE 3 of this invention.
  • the character cylinder 27 would also be provided with magnetic pulse generating marks similar to magnetic marks and as shown in the Schwertz patent. Only one character column would be printed for each revolution of the character cylinder so that 40 cylinder revolutions would be required to print a line of print including 40 characters.
  • a circuit of the type disclosed in US. Patent 2,776,618 to Hartley would be utilized including appropriate amplifiers where necessary.
  • FIGURE 4 which is a more detailed side view of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 3, includes a grounded character drum 27 with its associated raised. chanacter electrodes 28. Adjacent to the outer periphery of the character drum is the printing web 36 which comes from web supply roll 37. As stated above, this web is moved intermittently after each line is printed. This movement may be accomplished by using a feeding device similar 'to that used to feed movie film. Adjacent the printing web 37 and just above the printing station there is shown a resistive type heating unit 38 which may be optionally included in the system in order to fuse the developing material to the printing web so as to produce a permanent record. Other fixing techniques such as solvent vapor fixing known to those skilled in the xerographic art may be used as alternatives.
  • This figure also shows belt backing electrode entrained around rollers 31 and cont-acts 35.
  • a potential source 40 and switch 41 are shown for the application of potential to contact 35 although the circuits already described in connection with previous figures are generally used for this purpose.
  • a conveyor belt device for coating the backing electrode belt in a manner more fully explained above.
  • the conveyor belt 42 carrying buckets 43 is driven around rollers 44. These buckets pick developer up from container 45 and drop it on the belt from a height of about 6-8 inches. This coats the belt with toner while allowing gravity return of excess toner and carrier beads.
  • the backing electrode has been described as an endless be'lt it has also been made in the form of a cylinder of relatively large diameter and can be made in other configurations so as to maintain a relatively uniform spacing between all portions of a character electrode opposite the backing electrode and the surface of the backing electrode. This assures printing of all portions of a selected character since the spacing and resultant electric field opposite each character are then relatively uniform.
  • the peripheral speed of the backing electrode is the same as that of the alphanumeric drum but it may also be moved intermittently a distance equal to the height of one line of type for each full rotation of the alphanumeric drum.
  • FIG- URE 5 A pin matrix system is shown in FIG- URE 5.
  • the matrix 52 substitutes for all of the character electrodes in one of the character columns of the alphanumeric character cylinder shown in FIGURES 3 and 4.
  • the pin matrix is made up of a number of conductive pins 53 in five columns and seven rows with each of the pins being electrically separated by an insulating base 46 and separately connected by one of a group of conductors 87 to an activating source.
  • FIGURE 5 also shows a printing web 48, a backing electrode belt 50, and a coating mechanism 51 all of which are similar to those described in connection with FIGURES 3 and 4 above.
  • any desired letter or symbol may be printed.
  • the letter L might be printed by actuating the pins in the left-hand column and the pins in the bottom row of the matrix electrode as seen in FIG- URE 6.
  • various spacing, shaping, and numbers of electrodes may be used to make up a matrix of the type described here.
  • a matrix might be made up of a group of straight or curved bars, As shown in FIGURE 5 pulses are applied to the pin electrodes and the backing electrode belt is grounded. However, by using a somewhat more com" plex structure the pulses might also be applied through the backing electrode.
  • the conductive portions of the backing electrode belt would have to be themselves in the form of dots and each dot would have to be backed up by a contact when the dots pass by the pin 7 electrode.
  • These contacts might be similar to contacts 35 shown in FIGURES 3 and 4 except that they would have to be quite a bit smaller.
  • An imaging system comprising in combination a conductive character electrode comprising raised and de-- pressed portions, said raised portions defining a character to be printed, a relatively flat conductive backing electrode spaced from said raised portions on said character electrode to define thereby a gap, means to support an insulating printing member in said gap spaced from said backing electrode, means to deposit solid electroscopic material on the surface of said flat electrode exposed to said gap, and means to apply a potential of from about 600 to about 2,000 volts across said electrodes, said potential being of polarity to move said electroscopic materials from said flat electrode toward said character electrode, forming thereby a pattern of charge corresponding to the configuration of said raised portions of said character electrode on said printing member and causing said electroscopic material opposite the raised portions of said character electrode to move from said flat electrode to said printing member to thereby render the pattern of charge visible.
  • An imaging system comprising in combination a plurality of conductive character electrodes comprising raised and depressed portions, said raised portions defining char- ;acters to be printed, a relatively fiat conductive backing electrode spaced from said raised portions on said char- .acter electrodes to define thereby a gap, means to support an insulating printing member in said gap spaced from said backing electrode, means to deposit solid electroscopic materials on the surface of said flat electrode exposed to said gap, and means to simultaneously apply a potential of from about 600 to 2,000 volts between a selected group of said character electrodes and said relatively fiat backing electrode, forming there-by a pattern of charge corresponding to the configuration of said raised portions of said selected character electrodes on said printing member, and causing said electroscopic material opposite the raised portions of said selected character electrodes to move from said flat electrode to said printing member to thereby render the pattern of charge visible.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
US202900A 1962-06-15 1962-06-15 Device for tesiprinting Expired - Lifetime US3234904A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202900A US3234904A (en) 1962-06-15 1962-06-15 Device for tesiprinting
GB21242/63A GB1024635A (en) 1962-06-15 1963-05-28 Improvements in methods of and apparatus for electrostatic printing
DER35432A DE1227484B (de) 1962-06-15 1963-06-14 Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Bildes auf einer isolierenden Bahn und Vorrichtung zurDurchfuehrung des Verfahrens

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3331355A (en) * 1965-01-04 1967-07-18 Xerox Corp Xerographic developing apparatus
US3377598A (en) * 1964-05-04 1968-04-09 Motorola Inc Electrical printing with ink replenishable web moving between styli and record
US3380069A (en) * 1962-06-19 1968-04-23 Hitachi Ltd Line printer employing selectable electrode matrices arrayed on a rotating drum
US3389398A (en) * 1963-10-17 1968-06-18 Sperry Rand Corp High speed printing apparatus
US3427633A (en) * 1964-05-04 1969-02-11 Motorola Inc Page printing device with marking material bearing web between scanning styli and record medium
US3473074A (en) * 1967-08-31 1969-10-14 Honeywell Inc Ground electrode structure for electroprinting system
US3519461A (en) * 1969-09-02 1970-07-07 Burroughs Corp Electrostatic dipole printing
US3662711A (en) * 1970-03-19 1972-05-16 Xerox Corp Development apparatus
JPS49126856U (de) * 1973-02-15 1974-10-30
US3849126A (en) * 1967-04-18 1974-11-19 M Cantarano Non-electrostatic method for producing electrographic image
US3890621A (en) * 1971-06-09 1975-06-17 Marcus Cantarano Electrographic devices for the non-electrostatic duplication of originals provided with a conductivity pattern formed from indicia and blank areas
US3931627A (en) * 1971-06-09 1976-01-06 Marcus Cantarano Electrographic devices and apparatus for non-electrostatically producing images from an original provided with a conductivity pattern
US4038916A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-08-02 Burroughs Corporation Electrostatic imaging apparatus
US4705696A (en) * 1984-09-27 1987-11-10 Olin Hunt Specialty Products Inc. Method of making a lithographic printing plate, printing plates made by the method, and the use of such printing plates to make lithographic prints
US5069161A (en) * 1988-06-15 1991-12-03 Gascoigne-Melotte B.V. Teat catcher for a milking machine and a process for milking by using such a teat catcher

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US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2520504A (en) * 1944-11-22 1950-08-29 William C Huebner Electric printing
US2820716A (en) * 1954-04-01 1958-01-21 Chicopee Mfg Corp Method of forming nonwoven fabric
US2829025A (en) * 1952-04-18 1958-04-01 John E Clemens High speed apparatus for recording intelligence
US2869461A (en) * 1956-02-27 1959-01-20 Eastman Kodak Co Electroprinting from a raised resist pattern
US2895847A (en) * 1953-12-21 1959-07-21 Battelle Development Corp Electric image development
US2919967A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-01-05 Haloid Xerox Inc High-speed electrostatic alphanumerical printer
US2996400A (en) * 1956-08-30 1961-08-15 Eastman Kodak Co Positive and negative electroprinting
US3064259A (en) * 1956-11-20 1962-11-13 Xerox Corp Electrostatic recording of information
US3068481A (en) * 1960-07-01 1962-12-11 Xerox Corp Process and apparatus for tesiprinting

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DE1092490B (de) * 1959-02-27 1960-11-10 Ibm Deutschland Druckverfahren mit elektrostatischem Farbtransport und Anordnung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2520504A (en) * 1944-11-22 1950-08-29 William C Huebner Electric printing
US2829025A (en) * 1952-04-18 1958-04-01 John E Clemens High speed apparatus for recording intelligence
US2895847A (en) * 1953-12-21 1959-07-21 Battelle Development Corp Electric image development
US2820716A (en) * 1954-04-01 1958-01-21 Chicopee Mfg Corp Method of forming nonwoven fabric
US2869461A (en) * 1956-02-27 1959-01-20 Eastman Kodak Co Electroprinting from a raised resist pattern
US2996400A (en) * 1956-08-30 1961-08-15 Eastman Kodak Co Positive and negative electroprinting
US3064259A (en) * 1956-11-20 1962-11-13 Xerox Corp Electrostatic recording of information
US2919967A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-01-05 Haloid Xerox Inc High-speed electrostatic alphanumerical printer
US3068481A (en) * 1960-07-01 1962-12-11 Xerox Corp Process and apparatus for tesiprinting

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3380069A (en) * 1962-06-19 1968-04-23 Hitachi Ltd Line printer employing selectable electrode matrices arrayed on a rotating drum
US3389398A (en) * 1963-10-17 1968-06-18 Sperry Rand Corp High speed printing apparatus
US3377598A (en) * 1964-05-04 1968-04-09 Motorola Inc Electrical printing with ink replenishable web moving between styli and record
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DE1227484B (de) 1966-10-27
GB1024635A (en) 1966-03-30

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