US3234017A - Process for the production of developed electrophotographic images including application of a breakdown potential to discrete small areas of a photoconductor - Google Patents
Process for the production of developed electrophotographic images including application of a breakdown potential to discrete small areas of a photoconductor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3234017A US3234017A US66407A US6640760A US3234017A US 3234017 A US3234017 A US 3234017A US 66407 A US66407 A US 66407A US 6640760 A US6640760 A US 6640760A US 3234017 A US3234017 A US 3234017A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- toner
- charge
- toner particles
- charging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
- G03G9/09775—Organic compounds containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G13/02—Sensitising, i.e. laying-down a uniform charge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G13/22—Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
- G03G5/0507—Inorganic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
- G03G5/051—Organic non-macromolecular compounds
- G03G5/0517—Organic non-macromolecular compounds comprising one or more cyclic groups consisting of carbon-atoms only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
- G03G9/0975—Organic compounds anionic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/001—Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography, electrography, magnetography, etc. Process, composition, or product
- Y10S430/102—Electrically charging radiation-conductive surface
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrophotographic processes in which an insulating, photoconducting surface is charged and, after image-wise exposure, is dyed with a fine powder or aerosol (toner).
- a large number of the prior known development processes produce in such cases images havin the disturbing property that only the margins are dyed when the areas to be dyed are relatively large, or the margins are more strongly dyed than the inner parts of the said areas.
- the cause of this phenomenon is assumed to be that the field intensity at the margins is particularly strong and thus also the force on the charged toner particles.
- the present process does not make use of the forces which exist between the charged toner and a like or oppositely charged surface, but the forces which operate in non-homogeneous zones on uncharged toner particles.
- a non-homogeneous charge distribution can be achieved in various ways. For example, in the Corona charging,
- the charging potential can be so chosen that the disruptive field intensity is exceeded in the photoconducting layer.
- the necessary voltages are for example about 7 to kv.
- the necessary voltage can also be adjusted with the aid of control electrodes known per se. In the prior known processes and in contrast to that described herein, disruptions are carefully avoided and care is taken that a uniform charging is obtained.
- the charging potential necessary for the disruptions depends with each photoeonducting layer on the layer thickness.
- the layer thickness In order to produce a large number of small, par- "ice tially discharged islands, the layer thickness must be constan, uniform and free from pores.
- the disruptive strength of the layer can be influenced in the desired manner by incorporating finely dispersed substances therein. By suitable choice of the size, of the distribution of the incorporated substances and of the charging voltage, it is possible to produce the desired value for the islands partially discharged by the disruptions.
- the polarity of the charge also has an influence on the disruption process.
- the partially discharged surface elements are usually smaller.
- the activity of the additives depends on their dark conductivity and the influence on the disruptive strength which is important in the present process. Where the incorporated substances are more conductive than the photoconductor in the dark, their action is based on the fact that the charge already discharges from small islands during or shortly after the charging.
- the necessary charging voltage can be very greatly reduced down to about 500 volts by the additives. In this case, the ions can naturally no longer be produced by a Corona discharge.
- the already known production of ions by means of radio-active ionisers and the deposition thereof on the electrophotographic material in a relatively weak field has proved suitable.
- the discharging of the charges from the individual islands takes place independently of the charging voltage.
- the incorporated substances act mainly by the reduction of the disruptive strength, so that the lack of homogeneity of the charge is only formed above a certain charging voltage.
- the grain size of the added substances is advantageously about the grain size of the photoconductor, but can be up to about 15a.
- a large number of the substances can be employed as additives. Their photoconductivity is of no importance for this process. Suitable for the incorporation are numerous and preferably uncolored organic and inorganic substances which exist in a suitable grain size and the specific resistance of which is approximately between 10' and 10 ohms-cm.
- metal oxides, sulphides, selenides and carbonates such as zinc sulphide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, aluminium oxide, boron trioxide, silicon dioxide, bleaching earth, talcum, kaolin, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, beryllium oxide, strontium oxide, tin sulphide, arsenic sulphide, cadmium sulphide, sulphur, selenium, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide, lead sulphide, lead selenide and selenium furthermore mercuric chloride, cryolith, barium sulphate, lead acetate, powdered glass and organic substances such as anthracene, terphenyl, chrysene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, benzanthrene, acenaphthene, carbazole, naphthalene
- Theform of the surface structure can moreover ebe chosen to be very different.
- the irregularities need not consist in unevenness or ruggedness of the surface only. Also irregularities with regard to electrical for example tribo-electrical properties of the surface of the photoconductive layer cause an inhomogeneous charging when being rubbed.
- the re-- solving power is not determinedby the structure of the charge distribution.
- the charging voltage there is no complete discharge .by the disruptions.
- the charging density difference being set up with a disruption causes on the one hand such a large unhomogeneity of the field, that a uniform dyeing of large surfaces is effected.
- the residual charge is still sufficiently large to supply by expo- It can be both linear and For example, by suitable choice of.
- the properties of the toner best suitable for the process of the invention are substantially different from those formerly required. It is a particular advantage that uncharged toner is used and thus the charging of the toner, perhaps with the aid of a support or a Corona discharge or by friction is superfluous.
- the polarisability of the toner particles is important in the process according to the invention.
- The. polarisability of the toner must be large, so thatthe forces on the particles in non-homogeneous fields also become large.
- the latter In order that the lack of homogeneity of the charge distribution on relatively large surfaces to be uniformly dyed is not made visible by the toner, the latter mustnot be too fine. Grain sizes of about 5 to 20p have proved to be especially desirable.
- the polarisability of the toner is achieved according to the invention by one or more of the following steps.
- Substances with a large dielectric constant of at least 57 are per se suitable as toner material for example barium titanate or titanium dioxide, but conductivity which must be greater than that of the photoconductive substance, that is greater than 10 0hl'11ST -Cm. of the toner or the toner composition is better.
- This conductivity can be achieved by a conductive toner substance for example carbon black, lamp black, graphite, charcoal (from wood) or conductive organic pigments of different colors such as aniline-black (Helioschwarz TW, tradename of Wegriken Bayer AG) or azopigments (ID-Schwarz, tradename of Wegriken Bayer AG) and also by additives to a toner substance which per se is insulating.
- a conductive toner substance for example carbon black, lamp black, graphite, charcoal (from wood) or conductive organic pigments of different colors such as aniline-black (Helioschwarz TW, tradename of Wegriken Bayer AG) or azopigments (ID-Schwarz, tradename of Konfabriken Bayer AG) and also by additives to a toner substance which per se is insulating.
- the toner particles which per se are insulating such as carbon black dispersed ina thermoplastic resin can be enclosed by a conductive sheath.
- a toner suitable for the process described herein pro- 4 methacrylate or the like which are dyed with carbon black or other known pigments and improving agents are suitable as toner substance.
- additives or as conductive preparations for the surfaces are the substances'which are known per se for antistatic preparation, such as for example: sulphuratedoils, alkyl i sulphonates, longrchain alcohols ethe'rs or esters, phosphorici. acid esters, polymethaorylic acid, polyethylene oxide derivatives.
- the force in inhomogeneous fields can be Rod-like. particles are attracted with very much greater force in: non-homogeneous 'fields than spherical particles on acintensified by the shape of the; toner. particles.
- the development is moreoverv effected by any one of the prior known processes which preferentially provide the marginal effect, foriexample by the toner being scat- 'tered on the layer and thereaftershaken or blown off the said layer; Since thealack of-homogeneity of the field is necessary, this being in contrast-to the prior known processcs, no development electrodes need be used just above the layer when developing with clouds of toning agent.”
- Unavoidable charging of a toning agent regardless of sign, has no influence, as long as the chargingdoesnot exceed a predetermined jlimit and/orthe toner particles ticles are larger. 1y of a possibly existing charging in thenon-homogeneous field of the charged areas, a positive image is formed.
- The. process is suitable for both line copie's with large areas to be colored and alsofor half-tone images. It can be used with electrophotographic material in which the photoconducting layer is applied to a metallic support, or in which the photocondu'cting substance is applied in a binder to a sufliciently conductive support;
- Photoconductive layer 10 parts, by .weightof siliconeresin, for. example Bayer- P K 60 percent in toluene 10 parts by weight of zinc oxide PA Merck I .5 parts by weight of calcium sulphate 20 parts by weight of toluene 1 are crushed in a ball mill.v
- toner is filtered oif, dried at 55 C. in a drying. chamber, crushed in a mortar and screened.
- To be considered as conductive Fixing is obtained by heating the developed image for fusing the toner or by treating with organic solvents.
- the charging can also be produced with Perlon or Dralon velvet instead of a Corona discharge.
- the toner For the preparation of the toner, it is also possible to use a dispersion of 2 g. of stearic acid ester in 1 litre of water. In both cases, with homogeneous charging of the toner, only a narrow and sharp coloring of the margins is obtained, whereas unexposed and exposed areas remain white.
- the electrophotographic material is not limited to the previously mentioned because it may comprise any suitable compositions, for example the photoconductive layer may be a homogeneous one consisting of selenium, sulphur or organic photoconductive products like anthracene or mixtures thereof.
- the photoconductive layer may consist of a dispersion of solid photoconductors known per se in insulating binding agents such as silicone resins or any suitable organic resins for example on the base of polyurethanes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polystyrene, chlorinated rubber, acrylic resin, vinylchloride-acetate resin or the like.
- the photoconductive substance such as organic photoconductors may be solved in the binding agent forming another type of homogeneous photoconductive layers.
- the support being transparent or not on which the photoconductive layer is applied may be paper or any film-like material consisting of film-forming agents having a sufficient conductivity.
- the fixing may be accomplished by fusing the toner or by treating the developed electrophotographic image with organic solvents or vapours of organic solvents, like methylene chloride, trichloroethylene and the like.
- an electrophotographic process which comprises applying an electrostatic charge to a continuous layer of photoconductive insulating material, projecting a light image onto the said layer whereby a flow of electricity takes place through said layer producing an electrostatic latent image at a surface thereof, and developing the said image by depositing toner particles on the said surface to which the said toner particles adhere in a distribution varying in density with the intensity of the electrostatic image charge at the various parts of the surface
- the improvement which comprises initially applying the electrostatic charge to the layer of photoconductive insulating material by subjecting it to an electric potential by means of a Corona discharge, which potential is large enough to cause the layer to break down electrically at a multiplicity of closely spaced discrete locations and to charge the surface portions between the broken down sites, and depositing toner particles which are essentially uncharged.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEA33197A DE1175985B (de) | 1959-11-05 | 1959-11-05 | Verfahren zur Herstellung elektro-photographischer Bilder |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3234017A true US3234017A (en) | 1966-02-08 |
Family
ID=6928065
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US66407A Expired - Lifetime US3234017A (en) | 1959-11-05 | 1960-11-01 | Process for the production of developed electrophotographic images including application of a breakdown potential to discrete small areas of a photoconductor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3234017A (de) |
AT (1) | AT248242B (de) |
BE (1) | BE596767A (de) |
CH (1) | CH390052A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1175985B (de) |
GB (1) | GB940577A (de) |
Cited By (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3341326A (en) * | 1962-10-01 | 1967-09-12 | Xerox Corp | Dark decay controlled xerography |
US3399060A (en) * | 1963-04-16 | 1968-08-27 | Little Inc A | Electrophotographic product and method for achieving electrophotographic copying |
US3427258A (en) * | 1965-11-12 | 1969-02-11 | Owens Illinois Inc | Electrostatic image developer powder composition |
US3494789A (en) * | 1965-06-02 | 1970-02-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Photoconductive insulating material |
US3518081A (en) * | 1964-02-17 | 1970-06-30 | Xerox Corp | Image formation and development |
US3523900A (en) * | 1967-03-18 | 1970-08-11 | Yasuo Ueda | Liquid developers for developing electrostatic images |
US3652315A (en) * | 1967-11-13 | 1972-03-28 | Takehiko Matsuo | A developing method in electrophotography using toner particles coated with a non-volatile liquid |
US3652271A (en) * | 1967-09-01 | 1972-03-28 | Addressograph Multigraph | Photoelectrostatic recording member |
US3714048A (en) * | 1969-10-23 | 1973-01-30 | Iwatsu Electric Co Ltd | Electrophotographic liquid developer containing asphalt and modified alkyl resin |
US3849188A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1974-11-19 | Kohjin Co | Electrostatic image-recording medium and method of making same |
US3888664A (en) * | 1970-10-28 | 1975-06-10 | Dennison Mfg Co | Electrophotographic printing |
US3889033A (en) * | 1972-03-03 | 1975-06-10 | Canon Kk | Transferring paper for electrophotography |
US3954466A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1976-05-04 | Xerox Corporation | Electrostatographic photoreceptor |
US3980494A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1976-09-14 | Beatty Charles L | Method of reducing friction in blade cleaning of imaging surfaces |
US3985560A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1976-10-12 | Xerox Corporation | Migration imaging member with fusible particles |
USRE29357E (en) * | 1964-02-17 | 1977-08-16 | Xerox Corporation | Image formation and development |
FR2386068A1 (fr) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-27 | Xerox Corp | Nouvel appareil et procede de formation d'images |
US4124287A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-11-07 | Xerox Corporation | Imaging system utilizing uncharged marking particles |
FR2388313A1 (fr) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-11-17 | Xerox Corp | Procede et appareil de marquage d'une surface de formation d'image photoconductrice |
EP0000641A1 (de) * | 1977-07-28 | 1979-02-07 | DeSOTO, INC. | Mit einer dielektrischen Harzschicht überzogenes leitfähiges elektrographisches Papier, und Lösung zum Auftragen einer solchen Harzschicht |
US4146494A (en) * | 1976-01-23 | 1979-03-27 | Oce-Van De Grinten N.V. | One-component developer powder and process for its preparation |
US4248950A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1981-02-03 | Am International, Inc. | Electrostatic developer mix containing either MoS2, TiS2, WS.sub.2 |
US4289837A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1981-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | Development method and apparatus |
US4302094A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-11-24 | Xerox Corporation | Development method and apparatus |
EP0051830A1 (de) * | 1980-11-07 | 1982-05-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Trockenes, nicht elektroskopisches Entwicklerpulver und Verfahren zum Entwickeln von Klebbildern |
US4385823A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1983-05-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and means for improving maximum density and tonal range of electrographic images |
US4404269A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1983-09-13 | Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. | Developer containing magnetic and non-magnetic toner |
US4414321A (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1983-11-08 | Mita Industrial Co. Ltd. | Dry composite blended magnetic developer of resin encapsulated fine magnetite and resin encapsulated coarse magnetite |
US4416964A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1983-11-22 | Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dry magnetic developer containing a non-pulverizing agglumerate of cubic magnetite particles |
US4454186A (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1984-06-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Primed surface and charge transfer media |
US4472490A (en) * | 1980-09-03 | 1984-09-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image forming particles |
US4481234A (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1984-11-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for making primed polymer surfaces and charge transfer media having conductivity sites thereon |
US4504562A (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1985-03-12 | Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. | One-component type magnetic developer comprises particles of cubic magnetite |
USRE32259E (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1986-10-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and means for improving maximum density and tonal range of electrographic images |
US4760009A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1988-07-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparation of liquid toner for electrostatic imaging |
US4794651A (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1988-12-27 | Savin Corporation | Toner for use in compositions for developing latent electrostatic images, method of making the same, and liquid composition using the improved toner |
US4803144A (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1989-02-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic encapsulated pressure fixable toner particles with electroconductive powder coating |
US4842974A (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1989-06-27 | Savin Corporation | Toner for use in compositions for developing latent electrostatic images, method of making the same, and liquid composition using the improved toner |
US4968577A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1990-11-06 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Wrinkle configured electrophotographic capsule toner particles |
US4973541A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1990-11-27 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrostatic latent image developer comprising capsule toner of irregular shape, wrinkled surface |
US5080995A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-01-14 | Xerox Corporation | Processes for toner pigment dispersion |
US5407771A (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1995-04-18 | Indigo N.V. | Toner and liquid composition using same |
US5695904A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1997-12-09 | Xerox Corporation | Semi-dry developers and processes thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1071148B (it) * | 1976-07-29 | 1985-04-02 | Indesit | Attrezzo e macchina per il montaggio di condensatori elettrolitici |
DE3014449C2 (de) * | 1979-04-16 | 1986-03-27 | Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. | Elektrographisches Kopierverfahren |
NL8400922A (nl) * | 1984-03-23 | 1985-10-16 | Oce Nederland Bv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van kopieen. |
US4883736A (en) * | 1987-01-20 | 1989-11-28 | Xerox Corporation | Electrophotographic toner and developer compositions with polymeric alcohol waxes |
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US2297691A (en) * | 1939-04-04 | 1942-10-06 | Chester F Carlson | Electrophotography |
US2598732A (en) * | 1949-03-09 | 1952-06-03 | Haloid Co | Electrophotography |
US2599542A (en) * | 1948-03-23 | 1952-06-10 | Chester F Carlson | Electrophotographic plate |
US2777957A (en) * | 1950-04-06 | 1957-01-15 | Haloid Co | Corona discharge device |
US2853383A (en) * | 1953-10-02 | 1958-09-23 | Paul H Keck | Method and apparatus for amplifying photoelectric currents |
US2917385A (en) * | 1955-08-26 | 1959-12-15 | Haloid Xerox Inc | Reflex xerography |
US2965573A (en) * | 1958-05-02 | 1960-12-20 | Haloid Xerox Inc | Xerographic developer |
US3005707A (en) * | 1956-04-16 | 1961-10-24 | Leonard E Ravich | Devices exhibiting persistent internal polarization and methods of utilizing the same |
US3080251A (en) * | 1958-03-13 | 1963-03-05 | Xerox Corp | Method of xerographic development |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL236790A (de) * | 1958-03-05 |
-
1959
- 1959-11-05 DE DEA33197A patent/DE1175985B/de active Pending
-
1960
- 1960-11-01 US US66407A patent/US3234017A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-11-03 CH CH1230960A patent/CH390052A/de unknown
- 1960-11-04 GB GB38021/60A patent/GB940577A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-11-04 BE BE596767A patent/BE596767A/fr unknown
- 1960-11-04 AT AT821160A patent/AT248242B/de active
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2297691A (en) * | 1939-04-04 | 1942-10-06 | Chester F Carlson | Electrophotography |
US2599542A (en) * | 1948-03-23 | 1952-06-10 | Chester F Carlson | Electrophotographic plate |
US2598732A (en) * | 1949-03-09 | 1952-06-03 | Haloid Co | Electrophotography |
US2777957A (en) * | 1950-04-06 | 1957-01-15 | Haloid Co | Corona discharge device |
US2853383A (en) * | 1953-10-02 | 1958-09-23 | Paul H Keck | Method and apparatus for amplifying photoelectric currents |
US2917385A (en) * | 1955-08-26 | 1959-12-15 | Haloid Xerox Inc | Reflex xerography |
US3005707A (en) * | 1956-04-16 | 1961-10-24 | Leonard E Ravich | Devices exhibiting persistent internal polarization and methods of utilizing the same |
US3080251A (en) * | 1958-03-13 | 1963-03-05 | Xerox Corp | Method of xerographic development |
US2965573A (en) * | 1958-05-02 | 1960-12-20 | Haloid Xerox Inc | Xerographic developer |
Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3341326A (en) * | 1962-10-01 | 1967-09-12 | Xerox Corp | Dark decay controlled xerography |
US3399060A (en) * | 1963-04-16 | 1968-08-27 | Little Inc A | Electrophotographic product and method for achieving electrophotographic copying |
US3518081A (en) * | 1964-02-17 | 1970-06-30 | Xerox Corp | Image formation and development |
USRE29357E (en) * | 1964-02-17 | 1977-08-16 | Xerox Corporation | Image formation and development |
US3494789A (en) * | 1965-06-02 | 1970-02-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Photoconductive insulating material |
US3427258A (en) * | 1965-11-12 | 1969-02-11 | Owens Illinois Inc | Electrostatic image developer powder composition |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1175985B (de) | 1964-08-13 |
AT248242B (de) | 1966-07-25 |
GB940577A (en) | 1963-10-30 |
BE596767A (fr) | 1961-05-04 |
CH390052A (de) | 1965-03-31 |
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