US3232045A - Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus - Google Patents

Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3232045A
US3232045A US349078A US34907864A US3232045A US 3232045 A US3232045 A US 3232045A US 349078 A US349078 A US 349078A US 34907864 A US34907864 A US 34907864A US 3232045 A US3232045 A US 3232045A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
compression
space
volume
displacer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US349078A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fokker Herman
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/05—Controlling by varying the rate of flow or quantity of the working gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus provided with one or more cylinder spaces, in each of which two piston-shaped members are adapted to reciprocate out of phase and are capable of varying the volume of an expansion space and a compression space.
  • the said spaces communicate with one another and in the operation of the apparatus have different mean temperatures, the means of communication between the said spaces including one or more regenerators through which a medium can flow between the said two spaces, while the apparatus is provided with a device for controlling the power,which control is based upon a change in thephase relationship between the movements of the two piston-shaped members.
  • a known method of regulating the power of hot-gas reciprocating apparatus is based upon changes in the pressure level of the working medium.
  • a rapid fall of the extracted power can be compensated for by the so-called shortcircuit control, which is based on the phase shift of the pressure, which shift is produced by establishing a communication between the working space of a cylinder and either a buffer space or one or more Working spaces of other cylinders.
  • This regulating method has a limitation in that the rate of regulating depends upon the time required to supply the desired amount.
  • This phase regulation is based upon a change in the phase relationship between the piston movements, in apparatus of the displacer typeonthechange in the phase relationship between the movements of the piston and
  • This phase regulation has a limitation in that, if the values of the variations of the compression space and the expansion space are equal, a considerable difference between the maximum and minimum pressures produced remains in that regulating position in which the power becomes zero or the direction of rotation of the motor is reversed. This means that a constant means pressure level the forces exerted upon the hearings in starting of reversing remain unacceptably large.
  • the hot-gas reciprocating apparatus according to the invention is charac- 't'erized in that with a phase relationship in which the power becomes zero, the volumes of the expansion space 3,232,045 Patented "Feb. 1, 1966
  • a favourable embodiment of a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus according to the invention designed as a hotgas reciprocating engine is characterized in that with a phase relationship in which the volumes of the expansion space and of the compression space vary in phase opposition, the value ofthe variations in volume of the compression space is less than the value of the variations in volume of the expansion space.
  • a further favourable embodiment of a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus according to the invention designed as ahot-gas reciprocating engine of the displacer type is characterized in that the ratio between the swept volume of the compression piston and the swept volume of the displacer is substantially equal to the value 1-1', where T'represents the ratio between the absolute compression temperature and the absolute expansion temperature.
  • a further favourable embodiment of a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus according to the invention designed as a hot-gas reciprocating engine of the two-piston type is characteirzed in that the ratio between the "swept volume of the compression piston and the swept volume of the expansion piston is at least substantially equal to theratio (7') between the absolute compression temperature' and the absolute'exp'ansion temperature.
  • a further favourable embodiment of a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus according to the invention designed as a hot-gas refrigerator is characterized in that with a phase relationship in which the volumes of the expansionspace and of the compression space vary in phase opposition, the value of the variations in volume of the compression space exceeds the value of the variation in volume of the expansion space.
  • a favourable embodiment of a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus according to the invention designed as a coldgas refrigerator of the two piston type is characterized in that the ratio between the swept volume of the compression piston and the swept Volume of the expansion piston is at least substantially equal to the ratio 1- be rocate therein.
  • the means for driving the piston-shaped members are not shown. These means do not fall within the scope of the invention and may be designed in known manner. Driving may be effected mechanically, electrically or hydraulically, while a regulating arrangement is provided which enables the "phase relationship between the movements of the piston-shaped members to be changed.
  • FIGURE 1 is adiagrammatic sectional view of a hotgas reciprocating engine of the two-piston type.
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a hot gasreciprocating engine of the displacer type.
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a coldgas refrigerator of the two-piston type.
  • a compression piston 2 and a displacer or an expansion piston 3 are adapted to reciprocate in a cylinder 1. Between the said two pistons, the
  • cylinder 1 contains a cooler 4, a regenerator 5 and a in a hot expansion space 8. Between the expansion period and the compression period the medium is transferred through the cooler 4, the regenerator 5 and the heater 6 from the compression space to the expansion space and vice versa.
  • the cooler 4 may be a water-cooler. Heat is supplied to the heater 6, for example, with the aid of a burner or of a medium having a higher temperature.
  • Buffer spaces 9 and are located at the sides of the displacer piston 3 and the compression piston 2, respectively, more remote from the working space. The mean pressure in these buffer spaces is equal to the mean pressure in the working space. The variation of the pressure in the said spaces is kept small by proportioning them sufficiently large.
  • the swept volume of the compression piston is smaller than that of the displacer piston, the swept volume of the compression piston being equal to 1' times the swept volume of the displacer piston.
  • 7 is the ratio between the absolute temperature T at which compression takes place and the absolute temperature T at which expansion takes place. It will be appreciated that in the case of a hot-gas reciprocating engine '7 always is less than unity.
  • the difference in the swept volumes of the displacer and compression pistons is obtained by the use of different diameters. It will be appreciated that the same effect may be achieved by making the strokes of the said two pistons different.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus of the displacer type.
  • a compression piston 22 is adapted to reciprocate in a cylinder 21.
  • a displacer 23 is adapted to reciprocate in a cylinder 31.
  • An annular channel which is formed by the outer wall of the cylinder 31 and the inner wall of a jacket 32, contains a cooler 24, a regenerator 25 and a heater 26. Through these elements the working medium may flow from a compression space 27 to an expansion space 28 and vice versa.
  • Below the compression piston is located a buffer space 30, in which a mean pressure is maintained which is equal to that in the working space.
  • the volume of the buffer space 30 is dimensioned so that substantially no pressure fluctuations occur in it.
  • a burner 34 is directed onto an end face 33 of the motor.
  • an absolute temperature T of, for example, 300 K. prevails in the compression space and an absolute temperature T of, for example, 900 K. prevails in the expansion space.
  • the piston 22 and the displacer 23 may be made to reciprocate with a variable phase difference. By varying this phase difference the output power of the engine is varied. When the piston and the displacer reciprocate substantially in phase, the power is zero. In this situation no pressure fluctuations are produced in the motor of FIG. 2, in which the volume swept by the compression piston 22 is equal to (1-1) times the volume swept by the displacer 23.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a cold-gas refrigerator of the two-piston type.
  • a compression piston 42 and displacer or an expansion piston 43 are adapted to reciproate with a phase difference, the phase relationship between these pistons being variable.
  • a cooler 44 Between the said two pistons are disposed a cooler 44, a regenerator 45 and a freezer 46, through which elements the working medium may flow between a compression space 47 and a displacer space 48.
  • buffer spaces 49 and 50 are located at the sides of the expansion piston 43 and the compression piston 42 more remote from the working space.
  • the diameters of the displacer piston and the compression piston are proportioned so that the volume swept by the displacer piston is 1' times the volume swept by the compression piston, where 1- is the ratio between the absolute compression temperature of, for example, 300 K. and the absolute expansion temperature of, for example K.
  • a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus comprising cylinder means, at least two piston-shaped members adapted to reciprocate therein with a mutual phase difierence, said cylinder means and piston-shaped members defining an expansion space and a compression space, a medium in said spaces, said spaces having diiferent mean temperatures, means connecting said spaces including at least one regenerator through which said medium flows, a buffer space adjacent to said compression space and connected to said cylinder means, and a device for regu lating the power of said apparatus based on changes in the phase relationship between the movements of said piston-shaped members whereby when said phase relationship is such that said power becomes zero the volumes of the expansion space and compression space vary substantially in phase opposition, the piston-shaped members having such a stroke volume ratio that temperature influences thereon are eliminated whereby no pressure variations will occur in the cylinder means when the power is zero, said piston-shaped members being a compression piston and a displacer respectively, and the ratio between the volume traversed by said compression piston and the volume traversed by said displacer is substantially equal to 1 where T represents the
  • a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus comprising cylinder means, at least two piston-shaped members adapted to reciprocate therein with a mutual phase diiference, said cylinder means and piston-shaped members defining an expansion space and a compression space, a medium in said spaces, said spaces having difierent mean temperatures, means connecting said spaces including at least one regenerator through which said medium flows, buffer spaces on opposite sides of said piston-shaped members from said expansion space and compression space and connected to said cylinder means, and a device for regulating the power of said apparatus based on changes in the phase relationship between the movements of said piston-shaped members whereby when said phase relationship is such that said power becomes zero the volumes of the expansion space and compression space vary substantially in phase opposition, the piston-shaped members having such a stroke volume ratio that temperature influences thereon are eliminated whereby no pressure variations will occur in the cylinder means when the power is zero, said piston-shaped members being a compression piston and a displacer respectively and the ratio between the volume traversed by the compression piston and the volume traversed by the displacer is substantially equal to
  • a hot-gas reciprocating apparatus operating as a refrigerator comprising cylinder means, at least two piston-shaped members adapted to reciprocate therein with a mutual phase difference, said cylinder means and piston-shaped members defining an expansion space and a compression space, a medium in said spaces, said spaces having different mean temperatures, means connecting said spaces including at least one regenerator through which said medium flows, butter spaces on opposite sides of said piston-shaped members from said expansion space and compression space and connected to said cylinder means, and a device for regulating the power of said apparatus based on changes in the phase relationship between the movements of said piston-shaped members whereby when said phase relationship is such that said power becomes zero the volumes of the expansion space and compression space vary substantially in phase opposition, the piston-shaped members having such a stroke volume ratio that temperature influences thereon are eliminated whereby no pressure variations will occur in the cylinder means when the power i zero, said pistonshaped members being a compression piston and a displacer respectively, and the ratio between the volume traversed by said compression piston and the volume traversed by said displacer is substantially equal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
US349078A 1963-03-08 1964-03-03 Hot-gas reciprocating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3232045A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL290004 1963-03-08

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BE (1) BE644870A (nl)
GB (1) GB1053896A (nl)
NL (1) NL290004A (nl)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3487650A (en) * 1967-01-25 1970-01-06 Philips Corp Compression apparatus with balanced pressure and dynamic forces on piston
US3548589A (en) * 1968-01-19 1970-12-22 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Heat engines
EP0083297A2 (en) * 1981-12-30 1983-07-06 Stellan dr. Knöös Heat driven heat pump system and method of operation
US4458488A (en) * 1982-03-24 1984-07-10 Masataka Negishi Heat engine
US5095699A (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-03-17 International Business Machines Corporation Stirling type cylinder force amplifier
US20130180238A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Sunpower, Inc. Beta Free Piston Stirling Engine In Free Casing Configuration Having Power Output Controlled By Controlling Casing Amplitude Of Reciprocation
TWI547637B (zh) * 2013-12-27 2016-09-01 Cheng Feng Yue The Stirling Engine and Its Exhaust

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL161233C (nl) * 1971-05-04 1980-01-15 Philips Nv Heetgaszuigermachine voorzien van een compressor.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2465139A (en) * 1943-04-06 1949-03-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot gas engine with phase changer
US2508315A (en) * 1943-04-06 1950-05-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Comp Hot gas motor with phase changer
US2596051A (en) * 1945-12-03 1952-05-06 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas piston apparatus having cylinder means and axially arranged piston bodies, heat exchangers, and regenerator therein
US2657552A (en) * 1950-06-10 1953-11-03 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot gas engine refrigerator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2465139A (en) * 1943-04-06 1949-03-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot gas engine with phase changer
US2508315A (en) * 1943-04-06 1950-05-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Comp Hot gas motor with phase changer
US2596051A (en) * 1945-12-03 1952-05-06 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas piston apparatus having cylinder means and axially arranged piston bodies, heat exchangers, and regenerator therein
US2657552A (en) * 1950-06-10 1953-11-03 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot gas engine refrigerator

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3487650A (en) * 1967-01-25 1970-01-06 Philips Corp Compression apparatus with balanced pressure and dynamic forces on piston
US3548589A (en) * 1968-01-19 1970-12-22 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Heat engines
EP0083297A2 (en) * 1981-12-30 1983-07-06 Stellan dr. Knöös Heat driven heat pump system and method of operation
EP0083297A3 (en) * 1981-12-30 1984-07-25 Stellan dr. Knöös Heat driven heat pump system and method of operation
US4458488A (en) * 1982-03-24 1984-07-10 Masataka Negishi Heat engine
US5095699A (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-03-17 International Business Machines Corporation Stirling type cylinder force amplifier
US20130180238A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Sunpower, Inc. Beta Free Piston Stirling Engine In Free Casing Configuration Having Power Output Controlled By Controlling Casing Amplitude Of Reciprocation
TWI547637B (zh) * 2013-12-27 2016-09-01 Cheng Feng Yue The Stirling Engine and Its Exhaust

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GB1053896A (nl)
NL290004A (nl)
BE644870A (nl) 1964-09-07

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