US3232020A - Roofing - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 1, 1966 D. M. GlLLlS 3,232,020

ROOFING Filed April 16, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,DaA/Aw M (FALL/5;

INVENTOR.

267592225, 14 0/, Ru l: KERM Feb. 1, 1966 D. M. GILLIS 3,232,020

ROOFING Filed April 16, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 flan/440 A1. 671.1 15;

INVENTOR.

03m; /E;//, 190555444 May United States Patent 3,232,020 ROOFING Donald M. Gillis, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor of fortynine percent to Sam Greenebaum, Los Angeles County,

Calif.

Filed Apr. 16, 1962, Ser. No. 187,594 1 Claim. (Cl. 52-409) This invention relates to roofing and, more particularly, provides an improved shake shingle roof and a shake shingle panel that facilitates the laying of such roof and lessens fire hazard.

Roofs formed of shake shingles typically have a double thickness of shingles plus a five inch head lap in the instance of the conventional twenty-five inch long shingle, there being only a ten inch exposure of each shingle. Shake shingles come in varying widths, with one end of the shake being somewhat thicker than the other, giving a general wedgelike appearance. Shakes are much thicker than the ordinary shingle, being approximately to 1% inch at the thick end and about inch at the thin end, and are widely used on more expensive homes, primarily because of the desirable rustic appearance presented by a roof shingle with them.

Shakes, being of wood, carry a much higher insurance rate than the so-called label class roofings such as tile and certain composition shingles.

It is, therefore, a primary, object to provide a shake roof and a shake shingle panelthat will reduce fire hazard.

It is a further object to provide a shake type roofing requiring less material and including a plurality of prefabricated roof panels, each of the panels including an elongated metal pan and a course of shingles on the upper side thereof with a longitudinal edge of the pan preferably being turned up and over to provide a flange overlying one edge of the shingle course. The panels are laid in rows at substantially a right angle to the roof pitch with the panels of an upper row overlapping the upper longitudinal edges of the panels of the row immediately below.

Shake shingles. are for the most part produced by small mill operators with no quality control being imposed. As a result, it is not uncommon to have or so of the shakes prove unuseable at the construction site. It would be desirable to improve the present manner of manufacture and marketing to obtain accurate grading of the shingles at the mill site and, thus eliminate the wastage now commonly incurred.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a shake shingle panel which is preferably prefabricated at the mill site and which panel by its nature enforces accurate grading on the mill operator to use accurately sized shakes.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved roof having less overlapping of shingles and which may be laid at a reduced cost. I

A still further object of the invention is to provide a roofing of the shake type having a reduced weight, thus permitting the use of a less substantial supporting structure.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a shake type roofing that may be laid with less effort and time.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide a shake type roofing material having a significantly reduced transportation cost per square foot of roof coverage.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following specification and the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view, partially cut 3,232,020 Patented Feb. 1, 1966 of FIGfl illustrating the relative positions of the overlapping panels of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 33 of FIG. 1, illustrating a hold down device for securing the lower ends of the shingles to the pan of the panel;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along line 44 of FIG. 1, illustrating the hold down flange of one form of the panel of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a preferred form of the pan of the panel of the invention;

FIG. 6 is an exploded, perspective view of a splicer panel provided for joining together two adjacent panels of the same course;

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of still another form of the pan of the panel of the invention provided with an anchor flange along one longitudinal edge of the panel;

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of still another form of the pan of the panel of the invention having a flange with drain holes designed to be positioned downroof with the other longitudinal edge having no flange and designed to be placed uproof;

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of two adjacent panels of one course, illustrating an inverted, elongated, U-shaped cap member for joining together adjacent turned up transverse flanges of the two panels;

FIG. 10 is another fragmentary perspective view of two adjoining panels of the same course, illustrating another means for joining together the transverse edges of the two adjacent panels; and

FIG. 11 is a fragmentary perspective view of a ridge pan designed to hold the shingles at the hip of the roof.

The panel of the invention comprises an elongated pan 12, preferably formed of aluminum, having a course or layer of shake shingles 14 disposed on its upper surface. In a preferred form of the panel of the invention, the pan is made four feet long and is provided with a flange 16 formed by turning up and over one longitudinal edge of the pan. The flange 16 has an elongated recess 18 extending lengthwise of its upper surface, this recess serving to receive the heads of nails 20 provided for fastening the panel to the underlying sheathing 22 of the roof structure. Somewhat shorter nails 20 than those used for fastening the panel to the sheathing 22 may be provided for holding the shingles 14- to the flange 16 of the pan 12, the latter nails being insufficient in length to penetrate the pan proper beneath the flange.

The panels are preferably prefabricated at the mill site by having the shingles affixed to the pans and the panels are then shipped to the building site for installation. The panels may be formed in varying length, usually with three to eight foot pans, preferably with a four foot pan.

Normally four or eight shake shingles will be used to cover the upper surface of a four foot panel pan 12, the exact number being determined by the width of the shake shingles used. Shake shingles that are used in conventional roofs are approximately twenty-five inches long and of varying width, with one end of the shake being somewhat thicker than the other, giving a general wedge-like appearance. The shake shingles used in the panel of the invention present the same general appearance as the conventional shingle but are preferably somewhat shorter, being approximately fifteen inches long and, in one embodiment of the invention, having a length of approximately the same dimension as the width of the panel pan, as illustrated in the middle course of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the shakes may be made somewhat longer than the width of the panel pan 12 to provide a small overhang along the lower longitudinal edge of the pan, as illustrated in the upper course of FIG. 1. The shake shingles used in the panel of the invention are preferably to 1% inch thick at their thicker ends and usually to inch thick at their thinner ends.

Shake shingles are customarily laid with their thicker butt ends disposed downroof. In the panels illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the thinner edges of the shake shingles are placed beneath the flange 16 and, with this arrangement, the flange 16 of the pan 12 is placed uproof. However, it is not necessary that a flange be employed in the panel of the invention nor that it be placed on the uproof edge of the panel. The flange 16 is a very desirable feature of the panel. The flange serves in two roles: (1) providing means for holding the shingles to the pan 12 without piercing the pan bottom, and (2) providing a block or wall to the spreading of fire. Since fire tends to spread in an uproof direction, the flange 16 is preferably placed at the uproof longitudinal edge of the panel. In the manufacture of the panel, piercing of the pan proper with nails is desirably avoided because nail holes may provide paths for entrance of water to the roof understructure. In some applications, it is desirable to form the flange by simply turning the edge of the pan, there being no turning over of the turned up portion of the edge.

Reference to FIG. 8 will show a pan 12 provided with a flange 16a designed to be placed downroof in the installation of the panel. It will be noted that the uproof longitudinal edge of the pan 12 of FIG. 8 has no flange. The flange 16a is provided with a series of holes 24 along the bottom edge of its upturned portion. In the panel of FIG. 8 the thicker butt end of the shake shingle is placed beneath the flange 16a.

In some embodiments it may be desirable to place a flange along each of the two longitudinal edges of the pan 12 as illustrated in the lower course of FIGS. 1 and 2. Flange 17 (see FIGS. 1 and 4) of the lower longitudinal edge of the pan of the lower course of FIG. 1 takes the form of an open slotted grillwork, the flange being shaped as before by bending a portion of the longitudinal edge of the pan 12 up and over. The grill flange 17 presents a desirable appearance, provides for drainage of rainwater, and serves to hold down the lower ends of the shake shingles.

A shingle hold down or tie down device 28 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3. The device has an anchor portion 30 positioned beneath and in contact with the underside of the pan 12 and a horizontally disposed bar member 32 connected by a stem 34 to the anchor portion 30. The bar member 32 overlies the upper surface of two adjoining shingles 14 with the stem 34 extending upwardly therebetween. Rubber base or other suitable adhesives may be employed to hold the shingles to the pans and to bond edges of adjacent pans together.

The preferred manner of locating the panels on a roof is best understood with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 where it is seen that an upper course of the panels 12 overlaps the flanges 16 and the upper edges of a course of panels immediately below. The panels are held to the roof by the nails 20 and are positioned in rows at a substantially right angle to the roof pitch. By overlapping the flanges 16 and nails 20 of the panels of the course below, water is prevented from leaking along the nails into the underlying supporting structure. In one preferred manner of laying the panels of the invention, there is approximately a three inch overlap, resulting in a twelve inch exposure of the fifteen inch wide panels. In a conventional shake roof using twenty-five inch long shingles there is a ten inch exposure and a double coverage with a five inch overlap. It will be seen that the panels of the invention provide a considerable economy in the shake shingles and a decided reduction in weight.

The panel of FIG. 7 has the lower longitudinal edge of its pan 12 turned down and under to provide a locking flange 38. A flange 161) along the other longitudinal edge of the pan 12 has a setup portion which is designed to interlock with the locking flanges 38 of the pans of the course above.

It is desirable that the transverse edges of adjoining panels of a course be provided with means forestalling the passage of water therebetween. Various means may be utilized for this purpose, including a relatively short splicer panel 44 (see FIG. 1 and exploded view of FIG. 6) to bridge the gap between adjoining panels 12 of a course. The splicer panel 44 generally resembles the regular panels with which it is used, differing in that its flange 46 has a somewhat deeper end wall 47 to permit the sliding of the flanges 16 of the adjacent pans 12 thereunder. The flange 46 is provided with a nail recess 48, the undersurface of which will fit into the nail recesses 18 of the adjacent pans 12. The splicer panel 44 adjacent each of its transverse edges is provided with a depressed rain trough 50. The rain troughs 50 forestall seepage of water beneath the transverse edges of the adjoining pans 12.

In the arrangement of FIG. 9, the adjacent transverse edges of the pans 12 of a course are upturned at a angle to form flanges 54 and 56 respectively. An inverted, elongated U-shaped cap member 60 is placed over the two abutting flanges 54 and 56. The legs of U-shaped cap members are preferably crimped inwardly to secure the cap in place.

Still another means for joining together adjacent pans 12 of a course is illustrated in FIG. 10 wherein one of the pans has its transverse edge turned up at a right angle to form a flange 62. The adjacent edge of the other panel member is turned up and down to provide a U-shaped cap member 64 which is positioned over the transverse flange 62. The respective pans 12 have depressed grooves 68 in their bottoms. Still another means to forestall passage of water between adjacent panels of a course comprises providing the pan 12 of one panel with an uncovered segment which may be placed beneath the adjoining panel to provide an overlap.

The ridge of the roof is preferably straddled by several ridge panels 72 (FIG. 1 and 11). Each of the panels 72 has an inverted, open V-cross section with the longitudinal edges of the pan 73 thereof being turned up to provide flanges 74 and 76. Flanges 74 and 76 have several drain holes 78 to permit water runoff.

Although exemplary embodiments of the invention have been disclosed herein for purposes of illustration, it will be understood that various changes, modifications, and substitutions may be incorporated in such embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the claim which follows:

I claim:

A roof panel comprising an elongated metal pan, a course of a plurality of shake shingles on the upper surface thereof, said shake shingles being generally rectangular and having a generally wedge-like form with one end of the shingle being significantly thicker than the other end thereof, means for holding the shingles to the metal pan, said means including one longitudinal edge of the pan which is turned up and over to provide a flange overlying the thin ends of the shingles of said course of shingles, said flange providing a wall to the spreading of fire and said roof panel having the other longitudinal edge of said pan turned down and under to provide a locking flange spaced downwardly from said pan, said first-named flange having an offset edge for the reception of said spaced flange between said oflfset portion and said shake shingles.

(References on following page) 5 References Cited by the Examiner 2,730,969 1/1956 Sperry 52276 UNITED A S PA S 3,015,193 1/1962 AIIIOX'USO 52546 4/1871 Hickox 52 596 3,110,130 11/ 1963 Trachtenberg 52545 8/1890 Walbridge 52-599 5 FOREIGN PATENTS 8/1929 i 5253 464,766 5/1950 Canada. 10/1934 W11 10ck et a1 52-470 245 195 3/1912 German 2/1941 Batcheller 52468 2/1941 Kendall 52-543 6/1942 Wilde 52 540 RICHARD W. COOKE, JR., Przmary Exammer. 9/1951 Anthbny 52--544 0 JACOB SHAPIRO, EARL I. WITMER, CHARLES E. 11/ 1953 OCONNELL, Examiners.

Alverez 52-3 02

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