US3220102A - Method of forming sheet material - Google Patents

Method of forming sheet material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3220102A
US3220102A US182598A US18259862A US3220102A US 3220102 A US3220102 A US 3220102A US 182598 A US182598 A US 182598A US 18259862 A US18259862 A US 18259862A US 3220102 A US3220102 A US 3220102A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet material
liquid
container
solidified
die
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US182598A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lieberman Irving
Zernow Louis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aerojet Rocketdyne Inc
Original Assignee
Aerojet General Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE627271D priority Critical patent/BE627271A/xx
Application filed by Aerojet General Corp filed Critical Aerojet General Corp
Priority to US182598A priority patent/US3220102A/en
Priority to GB728/63A priority patent/GB954169A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3220102A publication Critical patent/US3220102A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/031—Mould construction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/44—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes using destructible molds or cores in molding processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/048—Sheet clamping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y10T29/49806—Explosively shaping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming sheet material and die construction.
  • the primary object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for die construction and formation of sheet material which makes a substantial reduction in construction cost, including the man hours, the materials used, the weight, and skilled labor.
  • our invention includes the use of a liquid as one component of a die.
  • liquid is placed within a container and rotated to form a contour in the liquid surface and thereafter the sheet material is forced into engagement with the liquid surface acting as a forming element and a hydraulic cushion.
  • the liquid in the solidified condition is used as a die component, which allows the liquid to be shaped into any configuration desired.
  • One feature of our present invention is the ease in repairing the solidified liquid in the surface of the die after damage has occurred. Additional liquid may be poured upon the damaged surface and solidified, and thereafter the surface may be scraped or formed to the desired shape.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross section of a die and sheet material ready to be formed therein according to one embodiment of our present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross section of a die having yet another embodiment of our present invention in which a solidified liquid is shown as a die component with a scraper in position to form the surface of the solidified liquid;
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross section of a die embodying the second embodiment of our present invention in which a core or mold is used to form the surface of the solidified liquid;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross section of a .die having a sheet material thereon ready to be formed by a conventional explosive forming method.
  • FIG. 1 shows the die 10 constructed according to this invention.
  • the die 10 comprises a hollow container 12 adapted to be attached (by means not shown) to a floor or base 14 such that the die may be adequately supported during the formation of the sheet material 16.
  • Container 12 has positioned therein a liquid 18 which may be water, however any liquid may be used, which is in the fluid state at room temperature. Obviously, such things as water soluble oils may be placed in the water to prevent corrosion of the surrounding metallic parts in the immediate vicinity of the liquid.
  • a liquid 18 which may be water, however any liquid may be used, which is in the fluid state at room temperature. Obviously, such things as water soluble oils may be placed in the water to prevent corrosion of the surrounding metallic parts in the immediate vicinity of the liquid.
  • a means are used for providing a shape on the surface of the liquid such as the parabola shown in FIG. 1.
  • a motor 20 is attached to the bottom portion of the container 12 but is used merely as an example and not as a limitation. Such things as mixers or other rotary devices may be placed in contact with the container or placed directly within the liquid 18 to give it a desired shape. By varying the speed of the motor 20 or placing bafiles in the container the surface of the liquid 18 can be changed as it is rotated by the motor 20.
  • the sheet material 16, shown in FIG. 1, is fixedly attached at its periphery to the top of the container 12 by a plurality of clamps 22, which are shown schematically.
  • the sheet material is retained at its periphery to prevent wrinkles from forming as compressive forces are subjected on the periphery of the sheet material during the forming operation. It is considered within the contemplation of this invention to merely place the sheet material upon the top of the container without restriction and allow the forming to take place in any manner.
  • Such things as gauges and guides may be used on the top of container 12 to keep the sheet material in position as the formation takes place.
  • Any type of means for forcing the sheet panel into en gagement with the surface of the liquid may be used.
  • a male punch as used with conventional dies, rubber pads, or an explosive forming operation may be used as a forcing means.
  • the embodiment as shown in FIG. 1 is best adapted to the explosive forming operation which is illustrated therein.
  • a means for suspending an explosive charge is used to position the explosive charge 24 above the sheet material 16.
  • a bridge-like support 26 is placed upon the die 10 and the charge 24 is attached thereto at approximately the geometric center of the sheet material 16.
  • Other devices such as ropes or strands may be used to suspend the explosive charge above the sheet material.
  • the invention as illustrated in FIG. 1 starts with the deposition of liquid 18 within the container 12 to a desired height.
  • the means for providing a shape to the surface of the liquid in the container such as the motor 20 is operated at a particular speed to give a wave form to the surface of the liquid.
  • Sheet material 16 is attached to the top of the container 12 by a plurality of clamps 22 or conversely it is merely placed upon the top of the container.
  • a means for forcing the sheet material into engagement with the liquid surface is actuated, as for example charge 24 is detonated creating an explosive shock wave to force the sheet material 16 into engagement with the liquid 18 and forming it into a desired shape which will be approximately the shape of the liquid surface.
  • FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.
  • a liquid 30 in the solid state is used as a die component and is retained by the container 32.
  • a means for solidifying the liquid 30 is either placed within the container 32 in direct contact with the liquid or may be placed exteriorly of the container 32.
  • a plurality of refrigeration coils 34- attached to a refrigeration source 36 such as a conventional refrigerator, may be used to solidify the liquid 30.
  • Other conventional refrigeration means such as Dry Ice may be used to solidify the liquid.
  • the choice of the liquid is dependent upon the desired characteristics of the liquid in the solid state.
  • a suitable liquid would be water since it is extremely cheap and available although it may be modified to gain strength or change its effect upon adjacent components.
  • fresh water or brine may be used, or the water may be strengthened by any inert material used such as sand, sawdust, straw, or the like.
  • These additives substantially increase the compressive strength of the frozen water.
  • Other additives which may be added to the water are such things as water soluble oil and other corrosive preventatives.
  • There is a great multitude of liquids which have properties very similar to water and those especially which have a freezing point near C. are especially attractive for use in the subject invention.
  • liquids may be either used singly or in combination with other liquids, compounds, or emulsions.
  • liquids are listed as acceptable liquids which may be used in the present invention: ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether, trimethylamine, phenylamine, piperidine and triethylene glycol.
  • a means for shaping the surface of the solidified liquid is used to duplicate the shape of the finished sheet material in the solidified liquid.
  • a rotating scraper 38 is used as a shaping means and is powered by the motor 40 for lowering into the surface of the solidified liquid.
  • FIG. 3 The second means for shaping the surface of the solidified liquid is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • a mold or core 42 is either floated or forced into the surface of the liquid 30 and retained in that position until the liquid is solidified by the refrigeration means.
  • the core or mold is removed and the surface of the liquid is finished.
  • a parting compound may be placed between the mold or core to expedite removal.
  • the liquid may be solidified with a completely fiat surface. Thereafter a chisel or handscraper may be used to form the shape on the surface of the liquid.
  • the shaping process is certainly variable and its choice is somewhat determinative of the particular shape which is desired. It should be apparent in the above description that the shape of the solidified liquid may be either symmetrical or nonsymmetrical, or cylindrical or of any other geometry.
  • a channel 44 may be provided in the bottom of the solidified die component and attached to an evacuating means 46, such as a vacuum pump.
  • the means 46 will prevent air from being trapped in the die component as the sheet material is being pressed into the cavity.
  • the sheet material 48 is placed upon the top of the container 32 and attached thereto by clamps 50, which are shown schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the sheet material 48 may be formed by using a means for forcing the material into engagement with the surface of the solidified liquid in much the same manner as discussed in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • an explosive charge 52 which is suspended above the sheet material by the support 54 and located approximately in the geometrical center of the sheet material 48. Upon detonation of charge 52, the sheet material 48 is forced into the die cavity and into contact with the solidified liquid.
  • the clamps may be deleted and merely a gauge may be used to align the sheet material 48 on the container. Also, as discussed above, other means for forcing the sheet material into contact with the die component may be used.
  • sheet material as used herein covers any metal or nonmetal material in either sheet or other forms which are capable of being formed by ordinary means.
  • a method of forming sheet material comprising: filling a container with a material that is in liquid form at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, solidifying the liquid material, shaping a surface of the solidified liquid material into a configuration similar to a shape desired in the sheet material, placing the sheet material over the container, and forcing the sheet material into engagement with the shaped surface of the solidified liquid material.
  • a method of forming sheet material comprising: filling a container with a material that is liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, solidifying the liquid material, shaping a surface of the solidified liquid into a configuration similar to a shape desired in the sheet material, placing the sheet material over the container, restricting the peripheral movement of the sheet material, and forcing the sheet material into engagement with the shaped surface of the solidified liquid material.
  • a method of forming sheet material comprising: filling an open top container with a material that is in the liquid state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, solidifying the liquid material, scraping the surface of the solidified liquid material to shape the surface into a configuration similar to the shape desired in the sheet material, positioning the sheet material over the container, positioning an explosive charge over the sheet material, and detonating the explosive charge to force the sheet material into engagement with the shaped surface of the solidified liquid material.
  • Apparatus for forming sheet material comprising: a container having a material in liquid form at room temperature and atmospheric pressure therein above which a sheet to be formed is adapted to be positioned, means operably associated with said container for solidifying the liquid material with its surface in a particular shape, and means in association with said container and disposed above the liquid material for applying force in at least one direction toward the liquid material when solidified, said force applying means being adapted to push a sheet disposed in proximity thereto between the force applying means and the solidified liquid material into engagement with the shaped surface of the solidified material to form the sheet into generally the same configuration of the shaped surface of the solidified material.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 4 further including means on said container for restricting peripheral movement of the sheet to be formed and being adapted to be attached thereto.
  • a method of making a temporary die component for use in forming sheet material comprising: filling a container with water, freezing the water, and shaping the top surface of the frozen Water in the container into a configuration similar to a shape desired in the sheet material to be formed.
  • a method of making a temporary die component for use in forming sheet material comprising: filling a container with Water, freezing the water, and scraping the top surface of the frozen water in the container to shape the top surface of the frozen Water into a configuration similar to a shape desired in the sheet material to be formed.
  • a method of making a die component for use in forming sheet material comprising: filling a container with water, maintaining a mold having a surface configuration similar to a shape desired in the sheet material on the surface of the water so as to cause the surface of the water to conform to the surface of the mold in contact therewith, freezing the Water with the mold in place, and removing the mold to expose the surface of the frozen water shaped thereby.
  • a method of forming sheet material comprising: filling a container With water, freezing the water, shaping a surface of the frozen water into a configuration similar to a shape desired in the sheet material, placing the sheet material over the container, and forcing the sheet material into engagement with the shaped surface of the frozen Water.
  • a method of forming sheet material comprising: providing a container with a supply of water, maintaining a mold having a surface configuration similar to a shape desired in the sheet material on the surface of the water so as to cause the surface to conform to the surface of the mold in contact therewith, solidifying the water with the mold in place, removing the mold to expose the surface of the solidified water shaped thereby, placing the sheet material over the container, and forcing the sheet material into engagement with the shaped surface of the solidified water.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US182598A 1962-03-26 1962-03-26 Method of forming sheet material Expired - Lifetime US3220102A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE627271D BE627271A (es) 1962-03-26
US182598A US3220102A (en) 1962-03-26 1962-03-26 Method of forming sheet material
GB728/63A GB954169A (en) 1962-03-26 1963-01-07 Method and apparatus for forming sheet material

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US182598A US3220102A (en) 1962-03-26 1962-03-26 Method of forming sheet material

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3401427A (en) * 1966-08-10 1968-09-17 Dow Chemical Co Flywheel drive for rotating mold
US3439078A (en) * 1967-02-16 1969-04-15 Poly Pak Corp Of America Process for stamping thermoplastic elements
US3572071A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-03-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Parabolic reflector antennas
US4010020A (en) * 1970-09-03 1977-03-01 Stephen Wyden Apparatus for forming curved surfaces by rotation
US4545105A (en) * 1981-10-13 1985-10-08 Autodynamics Corporation Of America Method of making bright-faced reinforced plastic bumper
US5308557A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-05-03 Centro Sviluppon Settori Impiego S.R.L. Process for preparing thermoinsulating and/or structural double-walled molded bodies
CN109675997A (zh) * 2019-01-07 2019-04-26 哈尔滨理工大学 一种用无机胶改善镁合金超塑气胀成形壁厚均匀性的方法

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US669119A (en) * 1900-10-12 1901-03-05 Albert Krank Process of producing bodies with parabolic surfaces.
US969131A (en) * 1909-01-14 1910-08-30 Henry Z Cobb Method of making rubber tires.
US1716094A (en) * 1929-06-04 Process of molding faced concrete units
US1764215A (en) * 1926-12-21 1930-06-17 Kupper Josef Method of manufacturing face masks, pseudo-reproductions of articles and the like, and alpha device for carrying this method into practice
US2013949A (en) * 1931-03-05 1935-09-10 Baldwin Rubber Co Rubber die
US2291680A (en) * 1939-12-14 1942-08-04 Karl P Billner Structure and method of making the same
US2311561A (en) * 1940-08-31 1943-02-16 Wurlitzer Co Heated mold form
US2400831A (en) * 1943-08-25 1946-05-21 Everard F Kohl Impermanent pattern and the method of preparing molds
US2415788A (en) * 1942-08-26 1947-02-11 Frank H Rolapp Method and apparatus for forming sheet metal
US2760233A (en) * 1952-10-11 1956-08-28 Bjorksten Johan Method of making curved sheets from polymerizable material
US2841828A (en) * 1955-03-03 1958-07-08 Ralph K Osborn Process for manufacturing jewelry and the like
US2842801A (en) * 1952-02-14 1958-07-15 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Method of repairing thermoplastic dies
US3010153A (en) * 1959-03-12 1961-11-28 Gulton Ind Inc Construction of paraboloid surfaces
US3044430A (en) * 1957-10-28 1962-07-17 Frank E Zeigler Shock wave metal forming method and apparatus
US3128732A (en) * 1961-01-24 1964-04-14 Ryan Aeronautical Co Means and method for explosive forming materials at high temperatures

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1716094A (en) * 1929-06-04 Process of molding faced concrete units
US669119A (en) * 1900-10-12 1901-03-05 Albert Krank Process of producing bodies with parabolic surfaces.
US969131A (en) * 1909-01-14 1910-08-30 Henry Z Cobb Method of making rubber tires.
US1764215A (en) * 1926-12-21 1930-06-17 Kupper Josef Method of manufacturing face masks, pseudo-reproductions of articles and the like, and alpha device for carrying this method into practice
US2013949A (en) * 1931-03-05 1935-09-10 Baldwin Rubber Co Rubber die
US2291680A (en) * 1939-12-14 1942-08-04 Karl P Billner Structure and method of making the same
US2311561A (en) * 1940-08-31 1943-02-16 Wurlitzer Co Heated mold form
US2415788A (en) * 1942-08-26 1947-02-11 Frank H Rolapp Method and apparatus for forming sheet metal
US2400831A (en) * 1943-08-25 1946-05-21 Everard F Kohl Impermanent pattern and the method of preparing molds
US2842801A (en) * 1952-02-14 1958-07-15 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Method of repairing thermoplastic dies
US2760233A (en) * 1952-10-11 1956-08-28 Bjorksten Johan Method of making curved sheets from polymerizable material
US2841828A (en) * 1955-03-03 1958-07-08 Ralph K Osborn Process for manufacturing jewelry and the like
US3044430A (en) * 1957-10-28 1962-07-17 Frank E Zeigler Shock wave metal forming method and apparatus
US3010153A (en) * 1959-03-12 1961-11-28 Gulton Ind Inc Construction of paraboloid surfaces
US3128732A (en) * 1961-01-24 1964-04-14 Ryan Aeronautical Co Means and method for explosive forming materials at high temperatures

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3401427A (en) * 1966-08-10 1968-09-17 Dow Chemical Co Flywheel drive for rotating mold
US3439078A (en) * 1967-02-16 1969-04-15 Poly Pak Corp Of America Process for stamping thermoplastic elements
US3572071A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-03-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Parabolic reflector antennas
US4010020A (en) * 1970-09-03 1977-03-01 Stephen Wyden Apparatus for forming curved surfaces by rotation
US4545105A (en) * 1981-10-13 1985-10-08 Autodynamics Corporation Of America Method of making bright-faced reinforced plastic bumper
US5308557A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-05-03 Centro Sviluppon Settori Impiego S.R.L. Process for preparing thermoinsulating and/or structural double-walled molded bodies
CN109675997A (zh) * 2019-01-07 2019-04-26 哈尔滨理工大学 一种用无机胶改善镁合金超塑气胀成形壁厚均匀性的方法

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BE627271A (es)
GB954169A (en) 1964-04-02

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