US3213311A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3213311A
US3213311A US187257A US18725762A US3213311A US 3213311 A US3213311 A US 3213311A US 187257 A US187257 A US 187257A US 18725762 A US18725762 A US 18725762A US 3213311 A US3213311 A US 3213311A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grid
aperture
diameter
electron
end wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US187257A
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English (en)
Inventor
Melvin V Duerr
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE630810D priority Critical patent/BE630810A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US187257A priority patent/US3213311A/en
Priority to GB9997/63A priority patent/GB976174A/en
Priority to DEW34263A priority patent/DE1279213B/de
Priority to FR931522A priority patent/FR1353863A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3213311A publication Critical patent/US3213311A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/48—Electron guns
    • H01J29/488—Schematic arrangements of the electrodes for beam forming; Place and form of the elecrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/52—Arrangements for controlling intensity of ray or beam, e.g. for modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/56—Arrangements for controlling cross-section of ray or beam; Arrangements for correcting aberration of beam, e.g. due to lenses

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly to a cathode ray tube of the type employing electrostatic means for forming and focusing an electron beam onto a target.
  • the cathode ray tube should have a high transconductance while maintaining brightness and resolution suitable for normal television viewing.
  • the conventional electron gun includes third and fifth grids or electrodes G and G which operate at a high positive potential of about 16,000 volts and an intermediate fourth grid or electrode 6., operating at a potential of about 300 volts.
  • the third, fourth and fifth grids provide the principal focusing lens of the electron gun. It is therefore important in the low G type of gun that the penetration of the high voltages from the G electrode and those subsequent do not penetrate into the cathode to any extent since it would then require a higher drive voltage to out the tube off.
  • Electron guns in which the high voltages of the G and subsequent electrodes do not penetrate into the cathode area are referred to as low G penetration guns.
  • spot blooming On difficulty that is found in present cathode ray tubes and primarily believed due to the electrostatic gun design is a defect known as spot blooming. This phenomena manifests itself as a considerable increase in the spot size on the luminescent screen or even a holo when the control grid potential approaches zero. This causes severe defocusing in the highlight portions of the television picture.
  • This invention describes an arrangement of electrodes which controls the amount of G penetration when the lens between G and G is adjusted for good beam spot so as not to destroy the good modulation sensitivity.
  • the penetration of the G electrode and subsequent electrodes into the cathode of prior art designs is of the low penetration type and the G electrode is the electrode which substantially defines the cutolf voltage.
  • the G electrode is the electrode which substantially defines the cutolf voltage.
  • some penetration from G was necessary in order to prevent soft focus tubes and that the requirement of good cathode modulation sensitivity by minimizing high voltage penetration and the attainment of good focus conditions were contradictory. It has been found, that these two factors do not necessarily oppose each other and particularly so in the electron gun described herein.
  • the present invention accomplishes the abovecited objects by providing an electron gun having improved modulation sensitivity with cathode modulation and a structure providing high G penetration.
  • This high penetration factor is attained by optimum design of the spacing between the cathode G and G and in addition,
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view partially in section of a cathode ray tube embodying the teaching of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the neck of the tube shown in FIG. 1 and illustrating the electron gun in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are graphical representations of operating characteristics of the devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in comparison with like characteristics of the prior art design.
  • a cathode ray tube 11 comprising an evacuated envelope 13 enclosing an electron gun 20 spaced from a fluorescent image display screen 15.
  • the electron gun 20 is provided within the neck portion 17 of the envelope 13.
  • the electron gun 20 provides the source, control, acceleration and focusing of an electron beam generated by the gun 20 which is directed toward the screen and is deflected by any suitable deflection means such as electromagnetic deflection yoke 21.
  • the screen 15 as well as the final electrode of the electron gun are normally maintained at a potential of about 14 to 18 kilovolts depending upon the particular application.
  • This high potential accelerates the electrons to a high velocity and they impinge upon the screen 15 to excite the phosphor in screen 15 and cause emission of light therefrom.
  • the high voltage applied to the screen 15 and to the high voltage electrodes of the electron gun 20 is normally applied to an anode button 23.
  • An internal electrically conductive coating on the flared portion of the envelope 13 extends back into the neck portion 17 to provide the necessary voltage for the high voltage electrodes of the electron gun 20.
  • This potential is connected by means of snubbers 27 contacting the conductive coating 25 and electrically connected to the high voltage electrodes.
  • the voltages for the remaining electrodes of the electron gun are normally provided by suitable lead-in-members through a base portion 29 of the envelope 13.
  • the electron gun 20 which is shown in more detail in FIG. 2 comprises a series of electrodes which are supported in alignment with each other in a conventional manner by means of insulating support rod members 31 extending longitudinally of the neck portion 17. Suitable stud members 18 are secured to the electrodes and imbedded in the rods 31.
  • the electrodes within the electron gun 20 are normally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cathode ray tube.
  • the electron gun 20 includes a tubular indirectly heated cathode 33 supported by an annular ceramic member 35 within a control or first grid G 37 of the gun 20.
  • a filament or a heater 39 of any Well known type is contained within the tubular cathode 33 for heating the cathode 33.
  • the end tubular cathode 33 facing the screen 15 is closed and has an electron emissive coating 41. provided on the exterior surface thereof.
  • the control grid 37 is a cup-shaped member which faces rearwardly that is, whose open end faces away from the screen 15.
  • the grid 37 consists of a tubular portion 38 with a diaphragm 40 having a centrally located aperture 42 overlying the emissive coating 41 on the cathode 33.
  • the diameter of the aperture 42 in the diaphragm or plate 40 is about .036 inch and is referred to in the drawing as al
  • the plate 40 has central portion 43 surrounding the aperture 42 that has a concave configuration facing away from the cathode 33.
  • the object of the concave portion 43 is to provide a reduction in thickness of the diaphragm 40 near the boundary of the aperture 42 in relation to the overall thickness of the diaphragm 40 itself to obtain a minimum spacing between the surface of the emissive layer 41 and the surface of the diaphragm 40 adjacent the aperture 42 on the side of the diaphragm 40 facing the screen 15.
  • the distance between the surface of the coating 41 and the surface of the diaphragm 40 of the control grid 37 is designated as S in the FIG. 2 and this distance is about .004 inch.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm 40 in G at the boundary of the aperture 42 is about .004 inch.
  • the electrode 50 is also a metal cup-like member with the open end thereof facing the screen 15.
  • the electrode 50 includes a tubular portion 51 and a diaphragm 52.
  • the diaphragm 52 of the electrode 50 has a centrally located aperture 53 aligned with the aperture 42 in G
  • a central portion 54 of the diaphragm 52 surrounding the aperture 53 is deformed or depressed to provide concave or inverted frusto-conical portion facing the screen 15.
  • the aperture 53 is provided substantially at the center of the concave portion 54 and the diameter of the aperture 53 is about .028 inch and is hereinafter referred to as d
  • the spacing between the boundary surface of the aperture 53 facing the coating 41 and the surface of the electrode 37 adjacent the aperture 42 facing the screen 15 is about .004 inch and is hereinafter referred to as S
  • the electrode 50 includes an additional cup-shaped element or shield 57 which is telescoped into the tubular portion 51 with the open end facing the screen 15.
  • the element 57 includes a tubular portion 47 which fits Within the tubular portion 51 and a diaphragm or plate 58 closing the end of the portion 47 adjacent the diaphragm 52.
  • the diaphragm portion or plate 58 is in contact with the surface of the diaphragm 52 facing the screen 15 and is electrically and mechanically connected to electrode 50.
  • the plate or diaphragm member 58 of shield 57 has a centrally located aperture 59 which is hereinafter referred to as d
  • the spacing between the surface of the concave portion 54 of electrode 50 adjacent the aperture 53 and facing the screen 15 and the surface of the plate member 58 facing the cathode 33 is about .010 inch and is hereinafter referred to as S
  • S The outer diameter of electrodes 37 and 50 is about .5 inch.
  • the structure described above provides a triode assem-- bly in which the penetration of electrode 50 or G is high.
  • the maximum amount of penetration within this structure is limited primarily by the practical electrode spacing in order to prevent arcing and other associated problems.
  • S similar to S is a means by which G penetration is increased. Because of this high penetration factor, the cathode cutoff voltage is largely determined by the voltage on G which normally is 20 to 50 volts while the voltage on G is zero. Limitations imposed on the minimum aperture spacing are that they be consistent with manufacturing standards for avoiding arcing over between electrodes and changes in spacing due to temperature variations.
  • the extended aperture 53 on G allows the actual aperture spacing S to be held to a very small value and yet maintain a relatively large electrode spacing S to prevent shorting.
  • S and S must not exceed .17d Limitations imposed on the extended grid aperture d are based on the fact that although the G penetration factor D is increased as a result of a small aperture, beam current interception and a corresponding decrease in transconductance will determine a minimum Value. Also a significant reduction in the G penetration factor D will result as this aperture diameter approaches or is made larger than that of G The relatiOnship that (1 al be less than .9 and greater than .7 was found to give the most favorable or optimum performance.
  • the penetration factor D is equal to V /V D is defined as the G2 penetration factor where the expression V is the potential difference between the cathode and G and V is the negative voltage required on the G to turn the beam off with the final anode or G and G is set to zero potential.
  • the penetration factor or D of G in the present design is approximately 5.
  • the electrode 60 consists of an outer tubular member 61 having the end thereof facing the screen closed by a diaphragm 62 with a centrally located aperture 63 therein.
  • the aperture 63 has a diameter of about .090 inch and is referred to as d
  • the outer member 61 of G consists of a first end portion 64 which is of substantially the same diameter as th tubular portion 51 and a second end portion 65 of reduced diameter and a portion connecting portions 64 and 65.
  • An inner tubular member 67 is provided within the outer member 61 and consists of a tubular portion 68 having an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the reduced portion 65 of the outer member 61 so that it may be telescoped within the outer member 61.
  • the remaining portion of the inner member 67 is a frusto-conical portion 69 with the smaller portion of the conical portion 69 facing the second grid 56.
  • the frusto-conical portion 69 actually extends or protrudes beyond the outer member 61 with respect to the second grid 50.
  • This frusto-conical member 69 is provided with an entrance aperture or opening 70 facing the second grid 50.
  • the boundary of the aperture 70 is spaced at a distance of about .170 inch from plate 57 hereinafter referred to as S
  • the diameter of the entrance aperture 70 is about .120 inch and is hereinafter referred to as (1
  • the shield member 57 within G is one means of restricting or determining the amount of high voltage penetration from G Actually the plate member 57 in G and the other portions of G act as a shield to separate the triode section comprising the cathode 33, first grid 37, and concave portion 54 of the G from the effects of the potential of G
  • the diameter of the aperture 59 or d of the shield 57 is largely a compromise as a result of (l) a gain in the G penetration factor D (2) high voltage penetration, and (3) the prefocus lens strength.
  • the G penetration factor D is equal to V V and is about .0075.
  • V is the potential difference between the cathode and G and G and V is the negative voltage required on G to turn the beam off with voltage on G at zero. Because of the reduction in high voltage penetration D the spot size could be expected to increase at high beam currents.
  • the prefocus lens between G and G is adjusted to overcome this effect.
  • the limitation imposed on the size of the aperture ri in G is that in an attempt to increase the high voltage penetration by adjusting the spacing S the resulting increase in prefocus lens strength will eventually result in an increase in spot size at the screen.
  • the diameter of the aperture d in the shield 57 therefore, must be within a range to give maximum G penetration D and yet allow enough high voltage penetration to control spot growth and blooming without unduly increasing the strength of the prefocus lens.
  • the aperture d in the shield 57 is approximately equal to the size of the aperture al in the first grid 37 and the spacing S between the apertures 0' and d not greater than .6d Also the aperture 11.; or 70 must be smaller than the diameter of the outer tubular portion 51 or G and the grid spacing S must be equal to or greater than 3d
  • a tubular electrode or G is positioned adjacent to electrode 60.
  • a tubular electrode having a diaphragm 82 with an aperture 84 is positioned adjacent electrode 75. The diameter of the aperture is about .150 inch.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show the performance obtained from a gun constructed according to this invention as compared to a conventional low G gun. Curves A are for a conventional or prior art tube while curves B are for the electron gun described herein. This data shows that substanital increase in transductance is obtained giving the tube considerable drive advantage over the conventional type and this improvement was obtained with a considerable improvement in spot size.
  • FIG. 4 also illustrates the increased transconductance and in addition clearly illustrates that the maximum beam current obtainable from the tube is substantially increased over the prior art type of device.
  • FIG. 5 also shows a comparison between the prior art and the invention described herein and illustrates the improvement in focus or spot size on the display screen.
  • FIG. 5 also indicates the increased amount of current obtainable from the electron gun described herein in comparison to the prior art device.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an image screen, an electron gun formed to provide the source, acceleration, control and focusing of an electron beam spac d from said screen, said electron gun comprising a cathode, a first grid, a second grid and a third grid arranged in the direction of electron travel towards said screen, said first grid comprising a cylinder having an end wall formed to provide a central region having a concave surface facing said second grid and an aperture provided in said central region aligned with said cathode, the wall surrounding said aperture being of reduced thickness as compared with the remaining end wall, a second grid comprising a cylinder and having an end wall on the end of said cylinder facing said first grid, the end wall of said second grid formed to provide an aperture aligned with the aperture in said first grid, the central portion of said end wall of said second grid surrounding the aperture deformed to provide a frusto-conical portion with the smaller portion forming the boundary of the aperture closer to said first grid than the remaining portion of the end wall of said second grid, the ratio of the
  • An electron discharge device comprising an image screen, an electron gun for generating and forming an electron beam which is directed onto said image screen, :said electron gun comprising a cathode, a first grid, a second grid and a third grid arranged in the direction of electron travel towards said screen, said first grid comprising a tubular member having an end Wall transverse to said electron beam and formed to provide a central region having a concave surface facing said second grid and an aperture provided in said central region aligned with said cathode, a second grid comprising a tubular member and having an end wall transverse to said electron beam and on the end of said tubular member facing said first grid, the end wall of said second grid formed to provide an aperture aligned with the aperture in said first grid, the central portion of said end Wall of said second grid surrounding the aperture deformed to provide a frusto-conical portion with the smaller portion of said frusto-conical portion forming the boundary of the aperture closer to said first grid than the remaining portion of the end wall of said second grid,
  • Anelectron discharge device comprising an image screen, an electron gun for generating, forming and directing an electron beam onto said screen, said electron gun comprising a cathode, a first grid, a second grid and a third grid arranged in the direction of electron travel towards said screen, and first grid comprising a cylindrical member having an end wall in the end facing said grid and formed to provide a central region having a concave surface facing said second grid and an aperture providing in said central region aligned with said cathode, the end wall in said first grid surrounding said aperture being of reduced thickness as compared with the remaining portion of said end wall, the spacing between the surface of the end wall of said first grid facing said cathode and the emissive surface of said cathode less than .17 times the diameter of the aperture in the end wall of said first grid, a second grid comprising a cylindrical member having a diaphragm therein, the diaphragm of said second grid formed to provide an aperture aligned with the aperture in said first grid, the central portion of
  • An electron discharge device comprising an electron gun and target, said electron gun comprising an electron emissive source, a first grid, a second grid and a third grid arranged in the direction of electron travel towards said target, said first grid comprising a tubular member having an end wall formed to provide an aperture aligned with said electron source, the wall surrounding said aperture being of reduced thickness as compared with the remaining portion of said end wall, a second grid comprising a tubular member and having an end wall on the end of said tubular member facing said first grid, the central portion of said end wall of said second grid formed to provide an aperture aligned with the aperture in said first grid and closer to the first grid than the remaining portion of the end wall of said second grid, the diameter of the aperture in said second grid being less than the diameter of the aperture in said first grid, a shield member provided within the tubular portion of said second grid electrode having a diaphragm with an aperture therein and aligned with said aperture in said second grid, said shield member electrically connected to said end wall of said second grid with the aperture in said
  • An electron discharge device comprising an elec tron gun and target, said electron gun comprising an electron emissive source, a first grid, a second grid and a third grid arranged in the direction of electron travel towards said target, said third grid being at a substantially higher potential than said first or second grids, said first grid including a diaphragm having an aperture therein and aligned with said electron source, a second grid including a diaphragm, the central portion of said diaphragm of said second grid formed to provide an aperture aligned with the aperture in said first grid and spaced closer to said first grid than the remaining portion of the diaphragm of said second grid, the diameter of the aperture in said second grid being less than the diameter of the aperture in said first grid, a shield member including a diaphragm positioned on the side of said second grid facing said third grid and having an aperture therein and aligned with said aperture in said second grid, said shield member electrically connected to said second grid with the aperture in said second grid and the aperture in said shield spaced
  • An electron discharge device comprising an electron gun and target, said electron gun comprising an electron emissive source, a first grid, a second grid and a third grid arranged in the direction of electron travel towards said target, said first grid comprising a tubular member having an end wall formed to provide an aperture aligned with said electron source, the wall surrounding said aperture being of reduced thickness as compared with the remaining portion of said end wall, a second grid comprising a tubular member of the same diameter as the tubular member in said first grid and having an end wall on the end of said tubular member facing said first grid, the central portion of said end wall of said second grid formed to provide an aperture aligned with the aperture in said first grid and closer to the end wall of said first grid than the remaining portion of the end wall of said second grid, the diameter of the aperture in said second grid being less than the diameter of the aperture in said first grid, a shield member provided within the tubular portion of said second grid electrode having a diaphragm with an aperture therein and aligned with said aperture in said second grid, said shield
  • An electron discharge device comprising an electron gun and a target, said electron gun comprising an electron with a source, a first grid, a second grid and a third grid arranged in the direction of the electron travel to said target, said second grid operating at a potential of less than volts positive with respect to said electron emissive source, said third grid operating at a potential of several thousand volts positive with respect to said electron emissive source, said first grid including a diaphragm having an aperture therein and aligned with said electron source, a second grid including a diaphragm with a central portion of said diaphragm of said second grid formed to provide an aperture aligned with the aperture in said first grid and spaced closer to said first grid and the remaining portion of the diaphragm of said second grid, the diameter of the aperture in said second grid being less than the diameter of the aperture in said first grid, a shield member including a diaphragm positioned on the side of said second grid facing said third grid and having an aperture therein aligned with

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US187257A 1962-04-13 1962-04-13 Electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US3213311A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE630810D BE630810A (en, 2012) 1962-04-13
US187257A US3213311A (en) 1962-04-13 1962-04-13 Electron discharge device
GB9997/63A GB976174A (en) 1962-04-13 1963-03-13 Electron discharge device
DEW34263A DE1279213B (de) 1962-04-13 1963-04-08 Kathodenstrahlroehre
FR931522A FR1353863A (fr) 1962-04-13 1963-04-12 Dispositif électronique à décharge

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US187257A US3213311A (en) 1962-04-13 1962-04-13 Electron discharge device

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US3213311A true US3213311A (en) 1965-10-19

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US187257A Expired - Lifetime US3213311A (en) 1962-04-13 1962-04-13 Electron discharge device

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BE (1) BE630810A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1279213B (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB976174A (en, 2012)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3295001A (en) * 1963-06-04 1966-12-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Cathode ray tube gun having a second grid with an effective thickness
US3396297A (en) * 1966-05-31 1968-08-06 Sylvania Electric Prod Multiple electron gun structure for cathode ray tube
US3504225A (en) * 1965-04-26 1970-03-31 Sony Corp Electron gun
US3873879A (en) * 1972-01-14 1975-03-25 Rca Corp In-line electron gun
US4318026A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-03-02 Rca Corporation Method of making a grid for a cathode-ray tube electron gun
US20030006689A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electron gun,cathode ray tube using the same, and method of manufacturing electron gun

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5743972B1 (en, 2012) * 1971-02-05 1982-09-18
US4318027A (en) 1978-04-12 1982-03-02 Rca Corporation High potential, low magnification electron gun
NL8002037A (nl) * 1979-07-12 1981-01-14 Philips Nv Inrichting voorzien van een televisiekamerabuis en televiesiekamerabuis voor een dergelijke inrichting.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2935636A (en) * 1955-10-31 1960-05-03 Rca Corp Electron gun structure
US3008064A (en) * 1957-10-28 1961-11-07 Rauland Corp Cathode-ray tube
US3027479A (en) * 1958-06-27 1962-03-27 Rca Corp Electron guns

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1071238B (en, 2012) * 1959-12-17

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2935636A (en) * 1955-10-31 1960-05-03 Rca Corp Electron gun structure
US3008064A (en) * 1957-10-28 1961-11-07 Rauland Corp Cathode-ray tube
US3027479A (en) * 1958-06-27 1962-03-27 Rca Corp Electron guns

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3295001A (en) * 1963-06-04 1966-12-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Cathode ray tube gun having a second grid with an effective thickness
US3504225A (en) * 1965-04-26 1970-03-31 Sony Corp Electron gun
US3396297A (en) * 1966-05-31 1968-08-06 Sylvania Electric Prod Multiple electron gun structure for cathode ray tube
US3873879A (en) * 1972-01-14 1975-03-25 Rca Corp In-line electron gun
US4318026A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-03-02 Rca Corporation Method of making a grid for a cathode-ray tube electron gun
US20030006689A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electron gun,cathode ray tube using the same, and method of manufacturing electron gun

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BE630810A (en, 2012)
DE1279213B (de) 1968-10-03
GB976174A (en) 1964-11-25

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