US3212028A - Gyromagnetic isolator with low reluctance material within single ridge and fluid coolant adjacent waveguide - Google Patents

Gyromagnetic isolator with low reluctance material within single ridge and fluid coolant adjacent waveguide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3212028A
US3212028A US180676A US18067662A US3212028A US 3212028 A US3212028 A US 3212028A US 180676 A US180676 A US 180676A US 18067662 A US18067662 A US 18067662A US 3212028 A US3212028 A US 3212028A
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
ridge
gyromagnetic
isolator
single ridge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US180676A
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English (en)
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Wantuch Ernest
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Airtron Inc
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Airtron Inc
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Priority to US180676A priority Critical patent/US3212028A/en
Priority to GB10584/63A priority patent/GB989309A/en
Priority to DEL44404A priority patent/DE1239747B/de
Priority to FR928470A priority patent/FR1354393A/fr
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Publication of US3212028A publication Critical patent/US3212028A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/36—Isolators
    • H01P1/365—Resonance absorption isolators

Definitions

  • principal objects of the present invention are to increase the power-handling capabilities and to reduce the size of microwave isolator structures.
  • a collateral object of the present invention is to provide such an isolator for insertion in a coaxial waveguide system.
  • the foregoing objects are achieved through the use of a single ridge Waveguide with ferrite or other gyromagnetic material located on the broad flat sidewall of the ridge waveguide, preferably opposite the edge or edges of the ridge.
  • a magnet may have its two poles in contact with the outer surface of the waveguide on its broad flat sidewall, on either side of the centerline of the waveguide, opposite the ferrite material.
  • a polepiece is provided within the waveguide ridge.
  • the resultant structure is eminently suitable for the intended purpose as the radio frequency signals are circularly polarized in the vicinity of the edges of the single ridge waveguide and the circular polarization is opposite at the two edges.
  • the direction of magnetization is opposite in the ferrite material adjacent the two edges of the ridge waveguide, as the magnetic field comes down through one of the ferrites and up through the other element of ferrite.
  • the cooling problem is also solved, as the ferrites are in heat-conducting contact with the conductive metal wall of the waveguide.
  • supplemental cooling structures such as heat radiating fins or a water-cooling system, may be provided.
  • the high conductivity of the waveguide structure permits the rapid transfer of heat from the ferrites to the external cooling arrangements.
  • the ridge waveguide was dimensioned to present the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line.
  • a simple door knob type transition in which the coaxial line was rigidly mounted to the top of the Waveguide ridges, was employed. This transition had a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 1.12 over a 50 megacycle bandwidth in the 400 megacycle frequency range.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall view of an isolator of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines AA of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view through one of the coaxial transitions of the isolator of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is an assembly view of the ridge waveguide of the present invention.
  • the single ridge waveguide 12 has its ridge in its lower surface, which is not visible in this view.
  • the two circular stubs 14 and 16 which extends upward from the ends of the ridge waveguide assembly 12 are connectors for securing the isolator to coaxial lines.
  • the upper surface of the ridge waveguide structure 12 carries a set of three permanent magnets 18, 2t) and 22 for biasing the ferrite strips which perform the isolation function within the ridge waveguide.
  • the ferrite elements are not visible in FIG. 1, as they are mounted inside and against the upper broad sidewall of the single ridge waveguide 12.
  • the cooling system for dissipating heat absorbed by the ferrite elements includes the two end manifolds 241 and 26 and the four coolant channels 28 which extend between the manifolds 2d and 26. Suitable fittings 3t) and 32 are provided for directing water or other suitable coolant through the coolant system.
  • FIG. 2 The cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 is taken along lines AA of FIG. 1.
  • the ferrite elements 42 and 44 are located adjacent the edges of the waveguide ridge structure 46.
  • the waveguide ridge like the remainder of the conductively-bounded wave-guide channel 12, may be made of conductive material such as aluminum.
  • Within the ridge structure 46 is a plate 48 of magnetic material.
  • the member 48 closes the magnetic path from one pole of the permanent magnet 13 to the other pole. This magnetic circuit serves to bias the ferrite elements 42 and 44 with steady magnetic fields which are directed, respectively, upward and downward, as indicated by the arrows.
  • the general theory of isolator action is well known and is disclosed, for example, in S. E. Miller Patent No. 2,946,025, granted luly 19, 1960.
  • the theory involves the selective attenuation of electromagnetic field energy which is circularly polarized by gyromagnetic material biased by steady magnetic field which is properly oriented with respect to the circularly polarized radio frequency magnetic field.
  • the circularly polarized radio frequency magnetic fields are polarized in predetermined senses for one direction of transmission through the single ridge waveguide 12 and are polarized in the opposite senses for transmission in the opposite direction through the ridge waveguide 12.
  • the electromagnetic waves are therefore coupled to the magnetically biased ferrite elements 42 and 44 for one direction of transmission but not for the opposite direction of transmission.
  • the coupling of the electromagnetic waves to the ferrite material produces loss and heating of the ferrite. Accordingly, energy is freely transmitted through the ridge waveguide isolator in one direction but little or no energy is transmitted through the isolator structure in the opposite direction.
  • the heat generated in the ferrite material is conducted by the metal of the broad wall 52 of the waveguide 12 to the coolant channels 28 from which the heat is dissipated.
  • the Walls of the coolant channels 28 should, of course, be made of some relatively high heat conduction material such as aluminum or copper.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken through the center of the left-hand end of the assembly of FIG. 1.
  • the coaxial connection stub 14 is clearly shown and the nature of the simple door knob type of transition is also disclosed.
  • the transition includes an outer center conductor element 54, an enlarged circular element 56, and a tapered conical portion 58 which interconnects elements 54 and 56.
  • This door knob type transition is secured to the ridge 46 of the single ridge waveguide 12.
  • the showing of FIG. 3 does not include the magnets or cooling structure, for purposes of simplicity.
  • FIG. 3 terminates with the flange 60 and does not show the second coaxial stub 16 of FIG. 1.
  • the single ridge waveguide was designed to cover the frequency range from 400 to 450 megacycles per second.
  • the coaxial lines were 3% inches in diameter.
  • the embodiment of the present invention had a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 1.12 over this frequency band.
  • Nickel aluminate ferrite strips having an overall length of 18 inches provided a minimum of six decibels isolation in the single ridge waveguide arrangement.
  • the permanent magnets bias the ferrite elements to resonance.
  • the isolator has successfully handled three megawatt peak and five kilowatt average powers with a coolant temperature of 50 C.
  • the insertion loss, measured under high power conditions, was 0.3 decibel, yielding a front-toback ratio of 20 to 1.
  • the overall length of the isolator, including both input and output transitions to the coaxial line, is about 42 inches and the device weighs approximately 100 pounds.
  • the unit is made airtight to withstand a pressurization of more than two atmospheres.
  • the illustrative embodiment of the invention is approximately one-half the size and Weight of previous designs.
  • a compact high power microwave isolator comprising:
  • first and second strips of gyromagnetic material mounted opposite the edges of the ridge on the broad flat inner wall of the waveguide;
  • polepiece mounted within the ridge of the single ridge waveguide to close the magnetic path through the two gyromagnetic elements
  • a compact high power microwave isolator comprising:
  • first and second gyromagnetic elements mounted opposite the edges of the ridge on the broad flat wall of the waveguide;
  • a permanent magnet mounted outside the waveguide with its first and second poles mounted against the broad fiat wall of the Waveguide opposite said first and second gyromagnetic elements;
  • a polepiece mounted within the ridge to close the magnetic path through the two gyromagnetic elements
  • a compact high power microwave isolator comprising:
  • first and second gyromagnetic elements mounted opposite the edges of the ridge on the broad flat wall of the Waveguide;
  • a polepiece mounted within the ridge to close the magnetic path through the two gyromagnetic elements.
  • a compact high power microwave isolator comprising:
  • a polepiece mounted within the ridge to close the mag netic path through the gyromagnetic material.
  • a high power compact isolator for insertion in a coaxial line comprising:
  • transition elements mounted on the upper surface of both ends of the ridge and connected respectively to the coaxial connectors, said transition elements being enlarged adjacent the ridge, and decreasing in crosssection near said connections;
  • a high power compact isolator for insertion in a coaxial line comprising:
  • transition elements mounted on the upper surface of both ends of the ridge and connected respectively to the coaxial connectors, said transition elements being enlarged adjacent the ridge, and decreasing in crosssection near said connections;
  • cooling means in contact with the outer surface of the broad wall of the waveguide.
  • a compact high power microwave isolator for insertion in a coaxial line comprising:
  • first and second gyromagnetic strips mounted opposite the edges of the ridge 0n the broad flat inner wall of the waveguide;
  • a polepiece mounted within the ridge of the single ridge waveguide to close the magnetic path through the two gyrornagnetic elements
  • transition means mounted on the upper surface of both ends of the ridge and connected respectively to the coaxial connectors.

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US180676A 1962-03-19 1962-03-19 Gyromagnetic isolator with low reluctance material within single ridge and fluid coolant adjacent waveguide Expired - Lifetime US3212028A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US180676A US3212028A (en) 1962-03-19 1962-03-19 Gyromagnetic isolator with low reluctance material within single ridge and fluid coolant adjacent waveguide
GB10584/63A GB989309A (en) 1962-03-19 1963-03-18 Improvements in microwave isolators
DEL44404A DE1239747B (de) 1962-03-19 1963-03-19 Richtungsleitung mit einseitigem Laengssteg
FR928470A FR1354393A (fr) 1962-03-19 1963-03-19 Isolateur à guide d'ondes à cloison unique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US180676A US3212028A (en) 1962-03-19 1962-03-19 Gyromagnetic isolator with low reluctance material within single ridge and fluid coolant adjacent waveguide

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DE (1) DE1239747B (de)
GB (1) GB989309A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3355680A (en) * 1965-03-29 1967-11-28 E & M Lab Microwave ferrite devices having particular arrangements for the magnetizing source
US4382239A (en) * 1981-04-30 1983-05-03 Lovelace Alan M Administrator Waveguide cooling system
US6407646B1 (en) * 2000-03-23 2002-06-18 Ray M. Johnson Distributed three port stacked waveguide circulator
CN114628874A (zh) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-14 华为技术有限公司 信号隔离器及微波室外单元

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015107209B4 (de) * 2015-05-08 2019-06-13 AMPAS GmbH Hochfrequenzbauteil

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2943274A (en) * 1956-07-10 1960-06-28 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave isolator
US3004225A (en) * 1958-06-25 1961-10-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave solid state masers
US3056091A (en) * 1962-09-25 Traveling wave maser
US3075159A (en) * 1957-07-26 1963-01-22 Sylvania Electric Prod High power ferrite isolator having ferrite materials of differing curie temperature

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056091A (en) * 1962-09-25 Traveling wave maser
US2943274A (en) * 1956-07-10 1960-06-28 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave isolator
US3075159A (en) * 1957-07-26 1963-01-22 Sylvania Electric Prod High power ferrite isolator having ferrite materials of differing curie temperature
US3004225A (en) * 1958-06-25 1961-10-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave solid state masers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3355680A (en) * 1965-03-29 1967-11-28 E & M Lab Microwave ferrite devices having particular arrangements for the magnetizing source
US4382239A (en) * 1981-04-30 1983-05-03 Lovelace Alan M Administrator Waveguide cooling system
US6407646B1 (en) * 2000-03-23 2002-06-18 Ray M. Johnson Distributed three port stacked waveguide circulator
CN114628874A (zh) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-14 华为技术有限公司 信号隔离器及微波室外单元
CN114628874B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2023-09-12 华为技术有限公司 信号隔离器及微波室外单元

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Publication number Publication date
GB989309A (en) 1965-04-14
DE1239747B (de) 1967-05-03

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