US320306A

US320306A - suckert

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Publication number: US320306A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1885-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 1902-06-16

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. J. SUGKERT. PROGESS OP LIQUEPYING GASES AND PRODUCING REFRIGERATION. No. 320,306. Patented June 16,,1885..

N. PETERS, PholOLiBnoraphar, Washington. D) C 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

Patented June 16. 1885.

J. J. SUGKERT. PR00Ess 0E LIQUEFYING GASES AND PRODUCING REFRIGERATION. No. 320,306.

N. PETERS. PholoLnhcgraphur, wmm m. ac.

ilnirnio stares ATENT rates.

JULIUS J. SUOKERT, OF RIDGEWVOOD, NEV JERSEY.

PROCESS OF LIQUEFYING GASES AND PRODUCING REFRIGERATION.

QJPECZFZCATEQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 320,306, dated June 16, 1885.

(No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that L Jones J. SUcKnR'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ridgewood,connty of Bergen, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Iniprovements in Processes of Liquefying Gases and Producing Refrigeration, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to an improvement in refrigerating apparatus, and more particularly to the arrangement of the devices and their Simplification. The improvements are especially adapted for use in asmallway,although they may be applied upon any scale, and in connection with them a sealing or lubricating liquid may or may not be used, the apparatus being complete in either event.

Hitherto most of the apparatus used for the compression and liquefaction of gases has been very complex, and where a sealing or lubrieating liquid has been utilized to aid in effecting the purpose the complication has been greatly increased. One or more receptacles have been employed to hold the lubricant. One has been required as aseparating tank to separate the refrigerant from the lubricant,or vice versa; another to receive the separated liquefied gas. A coil of pipe has been necessary for cooling the lubricant, while one or more condensers have been removed or sepa rated from such tanks or receptacles a considerable distance, involving long lines of pipework, numerous stopcocks, and an almost endless number and variety of fittings or con nections, not only entailing great expensc,but rendering the apparatus inapplicable for use in a small way and entirely dcbarring its use in very many places where considerable refrigeration is required, as on ships, railroadcars, small markets, public buildings, 850. Another very serious objection to such complicated systems has been that they always require the closest attention of an attendant skilled in the art, which of itself would eX- elude such mechanism from very many places Where artificial refrigeration would be greatly in demand it ordinary labor could manage it.

The object of this invention is to simplify such apparatus and still attain as efficient results as have hitherto been reached; to lessen To this end the invention consists, first, of

the process of liquefying gases, which process consists in first cooling a body of liquefied gas within a receptacle by contact with conduits, in which. a cooling-liquid is circulated, and then (llSClltllglllg the compressed gas and an intermingled scaling or lubricating liquid and the vapor of suchliquidinto such cooled liquefied gas, and transmitting the heat of compression and liquefaction from the compressed gas and the sealing or lubricating liquid and its vapor to the cooled liquefied gas, and thence to the cooling-liquid within the conduits, operating thereby to prevent the vaporization of the liquefied gas, and by direct contact with such liquefied gas to liquefy the compressed gas and the vaporized scaling or lubricating liquid, and then effecting, by means of specific gravity, a separation of such sealing or lubricating liquid from the liquefied gas, except at the line of contact, as will here inafter appear.

Second. lhc invention further consists of the process of liquefying gases, which process consists in first cooling a liquefied gas and then liquefying a compressed gas by discharging it into the body of cooled liquefied gas, and then removing the heat of compression and liquefaction transmitted from the compressed gas to the liquefied gas by the circulation of acooling medium through conduits in contact with the liquefied gas being cooled, as will hcreinafter appear.

Third. The invention further consists of the process of liquefying gases, which process consists in first cooling at liquefied gas and then bringing compressed. gas in contact with the ICO cooled liquefied gas, and then circulating a cooling medium through conduits in contact with theliquetied gas in sufficient quantity to abstract the heat transmitted to the liquefied gas, thereby preventing its vaporization, as will hereinafter appear.

Fourth. The invention further consists of a reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with a body of liquefied gas, and so constructed, connected, and arranged with relation to its internal chamber or chambers, and the discharge-pipe of a gas-compressing mechanism that a compressed gas discharged from said discharge-pipe is received into the body of liquefied gas,which is cooled by the circulation of a cooling medium through conduits which are in contact with the liquefied gas, as will hereinafter appear.

Fifth. The invention further consists of a reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with a diaphragm perforated by open tubes, which pass through a chamber of the said tank or receptacle, which chamber receives the discharge from the discharge-pipe of a gas-compressing mechanism, and the said tubes communicate with another chamber provided with a conduit operating to supplya circulating cooling medium to such chamber and to the said tubes, when the said tubes are provided with an outlet, and are enveloped or partially enveloped by a liquefied gas, as will hereinafter appear.

Sixth. The invention further consists of a reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with a diaphragm perforated by open tubes which pass through a chamber of the said tank or receptacle, which chamber receives the discharge from the discharge-pipe of a gas-compressing mechanism, andthe said tubes communicate Withanother chamber provided with a conduit operating to supply a circulating cooling medium to such chamber and to the said tubes, when the said chamber or the cooling medium therein operate to cool a sealing, lubricating, or other liquid discharged from a gascompressing mechanism, and the said tubes are provided with an outlet, and are enveloped or partially enveloped by a liquefied gas, as will hereinafter appear.

Seventh. The invention also consists of a reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with liquefied gas and a means for cooling the same, when thesaid receptacle is used in combination with a gas-compressing mechanism, and communicates with the discharge-pipe of such mechanism, and the said receptacleis also pro vided with separate chambers, and is constructed, connected, arranged, and operates to receive and with the liquefied gas to liquefy a compressed gas discharged from a gas-compressing mechanism, to receive and cool a sealing or lubricating liquid, to liquefy the vapor of such liquid, and to separate the liquefied sealing or lubricating liquid from the liquefied gas, all without the aid of a separate condenser, as will hereinafter appear.

Eighth. The invention also consists of the peculiar construction, connection, and arrangement of the several parts described and shown, and or their combination with a gas-compressing mechanism, or a heat-absorbing mechanism; or with both, as will hereinafter appear.

Figure 1 is one illustration of the apparatus in elevation. Fig. 2 is a viewin section of the reservoir, tank, or receptacle containing the cooling-conduits and chambers for the storage of liquefied gas and the sealing or lubricating liquid, if such be used. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the pipe employed for introducing the cooling medium,and shows means used to insulate it. 7

The princpal parts of the apparatus shown are a double-acting gas'compressor-, A, an auxiliary pump, 13, for introducing the seal ing or lubricating liquid charged with gas, or

liquefied gas, into the compressor during the act of compression, a reservoir, tank, or receptacle, D, which serves asa storagetank for the liquefied gas and the sealing or lubricating liquid, and which,when supplied with such liquefied gas and lubricant, operates in addition as asubstitute for condensers and the cooling-coil for cooling the lubricant, and it also takes the place of a separating-tank, and a heat-absorbing coil, E, for effecting refrigeration.

The pipe 50 for conveying the sealing or lubricating liquid from the reservoir, holding the same to the auxiliary pump for introduction into the compressor, has a stop-cock, 51, to shut off the supply of lubricant, if necessary. The discharge-pipe 52 of the compress or connects with and extends into one of the inner chambers of the reservoir, tank, or receptacle D. (Better shown by Fig; 2.) The pipe 52 is provided with a stop-cock, 42, and with a check-valve, 53, to prevent the return of gas, liquefied gas, or the sealing or lubricating liquid from the condensing-chamber or the receptacle for such liquids and gas to the pump or compressor When not in operation. The return gas or suction pipe 54, for conveying the vaporized gas from the heat-absorbing coil E back to the compressor for reeompression has a stop-cock, 55, to shut off the supply in case of necessity. The pipe 56, forliquefied gas, connects the reservoir D, holding the liquefied gas, with the heat-absorbing coil E, and it is supplied With a valve or stop-cock, 57. The reservoir D is provided with a glass gage, in two sections, 58, eachinclosed in a slotted tube for protection, the ends of each of the sections being secured in stop-cocks 59 59 59, which communicate with the inside of the reservoir D by means of short pipes 60 60 60. The reservoir D has a pipe or conduit, 61, witlrstop-cock 63, for conveying a cooling medium, which may be water or any cooled liquid, to the lower part of" the chamber 62, and for discharging the cooling medium used for cooling the liquefied gas a pipe, 64, having'a stop-cock, 65, is provided. An air-vent, to release any air from the interior of the tank or reservoir D,is provided by a pipe, 66, having a stop-cock, 67. The reservoir or tank D, I.

shaped body of steel or malleable iron, with a flange having a screw-thread cut on its inner side to correspond with a thread on the end of the outer tube composing the reservoir D, the upper edge, 69, of which flange is slightly beveled to provide a recess to hold the solder by which the said bottom 68 is secured to the body of the tube by a gas-tight joint. The upper end of the tube, forming the reservoir or tank has a collar, 71, made of steel or malleable iron, provided with a threaded flange, whereby it is screwed to the outer tube of the reservoir D, the lower edge of which flange is also beveled, as at 70, to form a recess for holding the solder, by which a gas-tight joint is made. This collar 71 is provided with a groove or recess to correspond with a tongue or raised washer on a diaphragm, 72, which forms an interiorhead for said reservoir. The exterior head of the reservoir, tank, or receptacle is a dome-like body, 73, which forms a chamber, 74, between it and the diaphragm 72. This head 73 has a flange, 75, and raised washer or tongue to correspond with the flange, recess, and tongue of the diaphragm 72 and the flange of the collar 71, all. three of which flanges engage one with another, have a soft-metal packing between them, and will be bolted firmly together, making a joint per fectly gas-tight and capable of standing heavy pressures. The top of the head 73 is provided with two nozzles, forming stuffing-

boxes

76 and 77. The former has an aperture at its center, and through it the dischargepipe 52 of the gascompressing mechanism is introduced,said pipe extending downward through the chamber 40 nearly to its bottom.

Connecting with the diaphragm 72 and encircling the pipe 52 is a tube, 78, with its upper end threaded to screw into a collar, 79, which is screwed far enough onto the tube 78 to permit a little of the end of the tube to project beyond the collar, thus forming a tongue similar to thetongues of the diaphragm 72 and flange 75, which tongue enters a recess in a flanged collar, 80, that is soldered or sweated upon the discharge-pipe 52. A soft metal packing is interposed between the end of tube 78 and the flange 80, and the collar 79 and flange 80 are bolted firmly together, thus forming a perfectly tight joint, while the aperture through which the pipe 52 is introduced is large enough to admit of the pipe being removed with ease. The outside of the tube 7 8 will be surrounded by packing and made perfectly tight by the gland 8L of the stuffing-box 76. The especial object in making the joints in this manner is to have them perfectly tight and yet be able to remove the disclrargepipe, and even the head, for repairs, if necessary.

The reservoir D is divided interiorly into three chambersa central chamber, 40, and two outer chambers, 84 85. The chamber 40 is formed by a tube, 5,0f sheet or thin wrought iron, that is bolted or riveted to the diaphragm 72 at its upper end, while its lower end is closed by a plate, 30. A short distance above this plate 30 is secured an interior diaphragm, 20, which forms a supplemental'chamber, 62. This chamber 40 e011- tains a number of open tubes, 1 l 1 1, whose lower ends are screwed into the diaphragm 20 and then soldered, while their upper ends are expanded into perforations in the diaphragm 72 and then soldered. These tubes, being open at both ends,establish free communication between the chambers 62 74. The chamber 84 is formed by a wrought-iron tube, 3, open at the bottom and secured at its top to the diaphragm 72 by bolts or rivets, while the chamber 85 is formed by the space inclosed between the tube 3 and the main tube of the res ervoir.

Attached to the lower end of thetube 3 and on its outer side is a flaring plate, 11, in the form of a ring having a flange by which it is fastened to the tube 3. It is attached thereto at an acute angle and extends outward very closely to the outside shell of the reservoir, tank, or receptacle D, leaving a small space between its outer edge and the shell of the res ervoir. This also serves as a quicting device and helps to abate the motion of the liquids. The tube 3 is perforated beneath the plate 11 at 12, forming communication between the chambers 84 and 85 at the lower end. The chambers 40, S4, and 85 are in communication by means of oritlees 6 at the upper ends of the tubes 3 and 5, whereby the pressures between these chambers are equalized, and the tubes composing them may be of light material. The chamber 40 is connected with the chamber 84 by means of a pipe, 2, and the chamber 84 is connected with the chamber 85 by means of a pipe, 4. The pipe or conduit (Si is admitted to the tank or reservoir D through the nozzle 77 (the joint being made tight by packing and the gland 21) and passes through the chamber 74, the diaphragm 72, the chamber 40, the diaphragm 20, at the bottom of the chamber 40, and terminates in the chamber 62, near thebottom thereof. The cooling medium, which may be Water or any cooled liquid, is admitted through this pipe or conduit to the chamber 62. It has a double object: one to cool the sealing or lubricating liquid (indicated by the shaded lines at the bottom of the tank or reservoir, and extending in the drawing upward to the line 200,) and the other is to cool a body of liquefied gas in the chamber 40. The water or other cooling medium thus admitted to chamber 62 passes through the conduit 61 and returns through tubes 1 l, is passed through to the chamber 7 4, and thence through the annular space in the nozzle 77 to the outlet of the pipe 64. The water passing through the chamber 74 having been heated by the absorption of heat from a body of liquefied gas in the chamber 40 (indicated by the line would impart some of its heat to the pipe 61, and thence to the inflowiug water. To avoid this an insiilating-pipe, 82, open at the top, as shown at Fig. 3, is placed around the pipe 61, and the water and its heat are thus prevented from comingin contacttherewith. The chamber 40 has an outlet-pipe, 83, at its bottom to permit the sealing and lubricating liquid discharged from the discharge-pipe of the compressing mechanism to separate from the liquefied gas and settle to the bottom of the reservoir. As the liquefied gas accumulates in the chamber 40, it overflows through the pipe or conduit 2 to the lower part of the chamber 84. It will be observed that the pipe 4 is on the opposite side of the tube 3 to the outlet 2 of the tube 5 of the chamber 40, the object being to make the overflowing liquefied gas pass half-way around each cylinder before permitting it to pass from one chamber to another, and by this means to cause the liquid that is disturbed and thrown into great commotion by the introduction 'of the compressed gas and the scaling or lubricating liquid to subside and attain a quiescent condition, which will better facilitate the separation of the particles of lubricant from the liquefied gas. The reservoir, tank, or receiver D having been charged with the requisite quantity of liquefied gas and sealing or lubricating liquid,

so that when the apparatus isin operation the height of the liquefied gas will be indicated in he glass gage 58 on alevel with the line 100, and.

the height of the sealing or lubricating liquid on a level with the line 200, visiblein the lower section of the gage, the operation will be as follows: Thevalvcs orstop-cocks68 and 65,Fig. 1, in the pipes conveying the cooling medium are open d and the water or otherliquid is allowed to circulate. Passing through pipes 61 to the chamber 62 it rises in the open tubes 1 1 1 1, gradually filling them and overflowing into the chamber 74. When this chamber is filled, the water passes through the annular space around the pipe 61 or casing 82, Fig. 3, and empties through the outlet-pipe 64. The cold water or other liquid in passing through chamber 62 cools the same and, by conduction, the sealing or lubricating liquid in contact with thechamber. Passing,then,through thetubes 1 1 1 1, which are enveloped, to the line 100, by the liquefied gas in chamber 40, it cools the liquefied gas in the same manner. Consequently we have a cooled body of liquefied gas within the receiving chamber 40, and a cooled body of. sealing or lubricating liquid both capable of absorbing considerable heat without raising the temperature of the liquefied gas to the vaporizing-point. Theair having been expelled from the expansion or heatabsorbing coil E and connecting-pipes, the stop-cock 55 is now opened to establish communication with the suction-inlet of the comthe engine, actuating the compressor A, and

the apparatus put in operation. The stopcock 57 on the liquefied gas-pipe 56 is now opened just enough to permit a sufticiency of the liquefied gas to enter the expansion or heat-absorbing coil E, and circulate therein under a reduced pressure. By the rapid vaporization of the liquefied gas in the said coil under the conditions present, heat is so quickly absorbed that the vapor in the warm atmosphere coming in contact with the outside surface of the coil E is condensed thereupon and congealed, forming in time, if there is no interruption in the operation, a body of frost or ice upon the surface of such coil. The vaporized gas is then returned through the suction or return gas-pipe 54 to the compressor for recompresslon. from the compressor, with the intermingled sealing or lubricating liquid in the form of liquid froth and vapor, passes through the discharge-pipe 52 past the check-valve 53 into the reservoir, tank, or receptacle D, and is discharged from'the discharge-pipe 52 into a body of liquefied gas in the receiving and condensing chamber 40, Fig 2, where the same are liquefied by their contact with the cooled liquefied gas. Most of the liquefied sealing The compressed gas discharged or lubricating liquid, owing to the differto the introduction from the compressorby the perforated baffle-plate 8. They gradually settle; but if any should be carried upward in the chamber 40 it can pass out through the pipe or conduit 2, and then settle, through liquefied gas that is in a more quiet condition, to the main body. The warm compressed gas and sealing or lubricating liquid discharged from the discharge-pipe into the body of the liquefied gas would soonvaporize it;'but a sufficicnt cooling-surface with ample margin estimated with a given fiow and temperature of water having been supplied in the pipe 61 and the tubes 1 1 1 1, the heat of compression and liquefaction is transmitted as rapidly as received to. the water flowing through such tubes, and consequently no vaporization of the liquefied gas takes place. The water as fast as heated rises to the chamber 74, and

flows thence to the outlet 64, giving place" pipe 56 leading to the heat-absorbing coil. The conduits 2 and 4 both discharging the overflow passing through them some distance below the inlet of such conduits, and theliquefied gas so discharged having to rise again through liquefied gas, it is evident that the incoming gas and vapor, when liquefied, are repeatedly washed in a liquefied gas that operates to separate any suspended impurities contained therein, as well as to cool them thoroughly, and before any liquefied gas reaches the pipe 56 leading to the heat-absorbing coils it travels far enough to permit it to become, comparatively speaking, quiet and absolutely free from all sealing and lubricating liquid, if not soluble therein. The annular plate 11 and the extension of the tube 8 aid materially in abating the commotion in the chambers 84 and 85, the movement being only that due to the gradual rising of the liquid passing through conduit 4. If any sealing or lubricating liquid enters the chamber 84, it may settle with the main body within chamber 84, or it may pass through the aperture 12 of the tube 3 to the chamber 85 below the plate 11. If any should be discharged through the conduit 4, it can settle to the main body by passing through the space left between the plate 11 and the shell of the reservoir D. Free circulation through the several chambers is possible, except where retarded by the interposition of bathe-plates and conduits, in consequence of the equalization of pressure in the chambers 40, SI, and S5, permitted by the apertures 6 6 6.

It will be observed that the sealing or lubricating liquid is at all times under the working-pressure of the apparatus. It is therefore charged with gas, or liquefied gas, when introduced into the compressor, which is done in conformity to the practice or system set forth in Letters Patent granted to me July 22, 188st, numbered 302,294.

In operating the apparatus,should the quantity of water circulating through the pipes 1 1 1 1 be sufficient to cool and retain the body of liquefied gas at a proper temperature, or the column of liquefied gas in contact with the surfaces of the cooling-tubes 11 1 be so reduced that the cooling-surfaces in contact therewith are not sufficient to abstract the heat which would be imparted to the liquefied gas by the cooling and liquefaction of the compressed gas, thena portion of the compressed gas will pass through the body of cooled liquefied gas without liquefying, but by contact with the external cooling-surfaces of the tubes 1 1 1 not in contact with the liquefied gas,this cooled compressed gas will be liquefied and will return as a liquid to the body of liquefied gas in chamber 40.

In case of a rapid reduction in pressure within the receiver D, caused either by circulating a larger volume of coolingwater through the tubes 111 1,0r by decreasing the amount of compressed gas discharged into the liquefied gas in chamber 40, or by entirely stopping the discharge of gas, then a portion of the liquefied gas contained in the sealing or lubricating liquid occupying the lower portion of receiver D may be vaporized through the reduction in pressure, thereby causing ebullition,and projecting by its violence particles ofsealing or lubricating liquid into the liquefied gas floating on its surface. This might also occur in chambers St and 85, and should it occur in 85 the lubricant might remain in suspension and pass through the liquefied-gas pipe 56, to the heat-absorbing coils. To obviate this, provision has been made to retain the sealing or lubricating liquid at a reduced temperature by allowing the cold-water chant ber 62 to be immersed therein, and in case the evolution of gas should still take place within the sealing or lubricating liquid any projected particles of the liquid are prevented from intermingling with the liquefied gas in chamber 85 by striking the intercepting-plate 11, attached to the casing or tube 3, the gas passing through the orifice 12 to the chamber Sat. Should a sealing or lubricating liquid settle from the liquefied gas contained in chamber 85, it can return to the body of liquid contained in the lower portion of the receiver by passing through the annular space around the plate 11.

It is evident that the water-chamber 62 may be enlarged and extended further into the body of sealing orlubricating liquid. In case air should accumulate in the receptacle D the column of liquefied gas should beincreasedin height until the air is compressed to a small volume, when it can be blown off through pipe 66 by opening the stop-cock 67. The appara tus required for this process provides for a very economical and simple arrangement of parts,which, by their combined and automatic action,renders expert attendance unnecessary.

The process of liquefying the compressed gas, of separating the sealing or lubricating liquid from the liquefied gas, and the storage of both within the same receptacle without the exposed connections and valves used with apparatus as usually built, places at hand a simplified form of apparatus for application to technical uses and removes the objections of complication and expense.

Having fully explained my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The process of liquefying gases, which process consists in first cooling a body of liquefied gas within a receptacle by contact with conduits in which a cooling liquid is circulated, and then discharging the compressed gas and an intermingled sealing or lubricating liquid and the vapor of such liquid into such cooled liquefied gas, and transmitting the heat of compression and liquefaction from the compressed gas and the sealing or lubricating liquid and its vapor to the cooled liquefied gas, and thence to the cooling liquid within the conduits, operating thereby to prevent the vaporization of the liquefied gas, and by direct contact with such liquefied gas to liquefy the compressed gas and the vaporized sealing or lubricating liquid, and then effecting, by means of specific gravity, a separation of such sealing or lubricating liquid from the liquefied gas except at the line of contact, substantially as described.

2. The process of liquefying gases, which process consists in first cooling a liquefied gas and then liquefying a compressed gas by discharging it into the body of cooled liquefied gas, and then removingfhcat of compression and. liquefaction transmitted from the compressed gas to the liquefied gas by the circulation of a cooling medium through conduits in contact with the liquefied gas being cooled, substantially as described.

3. The process of liquefying gases, which process consists in first cooling a liquefied gas and then bringing compressed gas in contact with the cooled liquefied gas, and then circulating a cooling medium through eonduits in contact with the liquefied gas in sufficient quantity to abstract the heat transmitted to the liquefied gas, thereby preventing its vaporization, substantially as described.

4. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with a body of liquefied gas, and so constructcd, connected, and arranged with relation to its internal chamber or chambers, and the discharge-pipe of a gas-compressing mechanism that a compressed gas discharged from said discharge-pipe is received into the body of liquefied gas, which is cooled by the circulation of a cooling medium through conduits in contact with the liquefied gas, substantially as described.

5. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with a diaphragm perforated by open tubes, which pass through a chamber of said receptacle, which chamber receives the discharge from the discharge-pipe of a gas-compressing mechanism, and the said tubes communicate with another chamber provided with a conduit operating to supply a circulating cooling medium to such chamber and to the said tubes, when the said tubes are provided with an out let, and are enveloped or partially enveloped by a liquefied gas, substantially as described.

6. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with a diaphragm perforated by open tubes, which pass through a chamber of the said tank or receptacle, which chamber receives the discharge from the dischargepipe of .a gas-compressing mechanism, and the said tubes communicate with another chamber provided with a conduit operating to supply a circulating cooling medium to such chamber and to the said tubes, when the said chamber or the cooling medium therein operates to cool a sealing, lubricating, or other liquid discharged from a gas-compressing mechanism, and the said tubes are provided with an outlet, and are enveloped or partially enveloped in a liquefied gas, substantially as described.

7. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle, incombination with a gas-compressing mechanism,

and so constructed, connected, and arranged operating to absorb heat from the said sealing or lubricating liquid, substantially as described.

8. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle provided with liquefied gas and a means for cooling the same, when the said receptacle is used in combination with a gas-compressing mechanism and communicates with the discharge-pipe of such mechanism, and the said receptacle is also provided with separate chambers, and is constructed, connected, arranged, and operates to receive and with the liquefied gas to liquefy a compressed gas discharged from a gas-compressing mechanism, to receive and I cool a sealing or lubricating liquid, to liquefy ,the vapor of such liquid, and to separate the liquefied, sealing, or lubricating liquid from the liquefied gas, all without the aid of a separate condenser, substantially as described.

9. A reservoir, tank or receptacle, in combination with a gas-compressing mechanism, when the said reservoir, tank, or receptacle is connected with and is arranged and operates to receive acompressed gas from the dischargepipe of such gas-compressing mechanism, and the said compressed gas has its heat of compression and liquefaction absorbed by a circulating medium passing through such reservoir, tank, or receptacle in conduits, substantially as described. I

10. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle, in combination with a gas-compressing mechanism, when the said tank or receptacle is provided with a body of liquefied gas and is arranged to and receives the discharge from the discharge-pipe of such compressing mechanism, and is also provided with an air-vent and stop-cock or shut-off valve operating'to draw away air from the upper part of said tank or receptacle, substantially as described.

11. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle, in combination with a gas, vapor, or liquid pumping mechanism and a pipe or conduit operating to introduce a gas, vapor, or liquid into such tank or receptacle, when the said tank or receptacle is provided with a perforated diaphragm and has about or inclosing the said pipe or conduit, connected with the said diaphragm and passing through a stuffing-box, a tube, the outer end of which passes through and beyond the surface of a flange screwed thereupon, and enters a recess of another flange secured to the said pipe and the two flanges are drawn together by bolts, substantially as described.

12. A reservoir, tank, or receptacle, in combination with a gas, vapor, or liquid pumping mechanism and a connecting pipe or conduit introducing a gas, vapor, or liquid into such tank or receptacle, when the said tank or receptacle has a pipe or conduit conveying a cooling medium to a chamber ,within said tank that passes through a chamber warmer than the cooling medium, and the said pipe is insulated in the warm chamber by passing 5 through a tube closed to the said warm chamber but open to the atmosphere, substantially as described.

13. The combination of the reservoir, tank or receptacle D, supplied with aliquefied gas 10 a sealing or lubricating liquid, a means of cooling the liquefied gas and sealing or lubricating liquid, with a gas, vapor, or liquid pumping mechanism, one or more heat-absorbing coils and connecting-pipes, substantially as described. I 5

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JULIUS J SUOKERT. Vitnesses:

JOSIAH IL MAOY, GEO. H. GRAHAM.