US318971A - Daniel h - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet.- l. C. H. EVANS.

ABSORPTION GE MACHINE.

Patented June 2 (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. E EVANS. y ABSORP-TIUN ICE MACHINE.

No. 318,971. Patentedmm 2, 1885.

i @mas Wwef (No Model.) 4 S11?e'f--Sheetv3l C. H. EVANS. ABSORPTIUN ICE MACHINE.

Patented June Z, `1885.

(No Mdel.) 4 sheetssheet 4. G. H. EVANS. ABSGRPTION 10B MACHINE.

No. 318,971. Patented June 2, 1885.

\- lowing is a specification..

' interchangeable orfrepairable.

UNrTED 'Sr-n After EricaoHARLEs n. EvnNs, or NEWYORK, N. Y., .assIcNoE E ONE-HALE 'r DANIEL n. CRAIG, AGENT, or `SAME PLAGE. Y

ABsoRPrioN lcs-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 318,971, dated June 2` 1885. Application ilell September 19, 1984. (No model.) l

To all whom. it'mcty concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. EvANs, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at N ew York, in the county andSt-ate of New York, have invented new and usefullmprovemeuts in Absorption Ice-Machincs,.ot` which the follMy invention relates-to that class of icemaking or refrigerating machines in which the alternate expansions and condensations of ammoniacal or othercquivalcnt gases produce:

the ret'rigerating effects. In such machines as hitherto constructed there was liability to what is ordinarilyhnown as boiling over,77

, and the joints `or couplings in such machines were liable to leakage, and were not readily In niy iniproved construction Il provide a. bypass or sidepath from the still through the domeor stand-pipe for the gas, so that the gas -eliminated from the ordinary waters may be passed to the condenser without having to force its way .through the body of the ammoniacal water used as the refrigerating agent, and all sections or joints of the pipes where connections are made are in view for inspection, so

v sent a view, partlyin section andpartly in erating machine, Fig. l being a view of'one elevation, of the entire ice-making or refrighalf thereof, while Fig. l is a view of the' kother half thereof. Fig'. 2 is a view, partly in plan and partly in section, of my improved ammonia still orV gas generator, including what I hereinafter term the .interoepter.

Fig. 3 shows partly in plan and partly in section 'my devices for forming connections between the pipes used in theintercepter, the still, the condenser, andthe absorber, while Fig. tis

a plan view ofl the concentric pipes and head ings or unions therefor. Fig. 5 represents in perspective, with the exterior casing broken which passes to and through what I call the- "tintercepter,77 it being surrounded at 13 with concentric pipes, affording a path and exit for the gases eliminated in the still and dome from the am moniacal waters passed therethrough.

This pipe 2 communicates, as shownfwitha dome or'stand-pipc, 5, interposed between this inlet-pipe, forming the intercepter and the still proper. This dome or stand-pipe is constructed with retarding or baffle plates 6, downwardly-inclined, and attached alternately to opposite sides of the dome opstand-pipe, so

that the liquid forced therethrough shall be broken up and forcedto pass therethrough in a tine sheet or spray. From thence this ainmoniacal iuid passes to the still 7, consisting of a series of pipes passing alternately back and forth. Each pipe of still 7 is surrounded by a steam-pipe, 59, the pipes of 7 being con centricall y seated therein, so as to form a space through which steam or other heating agent may be passed to vaporize and sendV on' in gaseous form the ammonia or ammoniacal gas of the-liquid. e

Tofsupply the necessary heat evenlyand equitably to all the coils-of this still, a steam stand-pipe, 44, is used, from which branches 45 are formed, leading to each member ofthe .coilof the still, so that each member of the coil is subjectedvto the same degree of heat and pressure. At the other end ofthese members of the coil a return-pipe, 46, is provided, into which'lead returnfpipes 47- from the coils of the still. This pipe 46 has placed in its 'circuit agsteam-trap, 48, from 'whence it may lead back to the boiler or other desiredpoint.

By thisarrangement all the coils 'of' the stillVV are subjected, asbefore stated, to equal heat 'and pressure, whereby the Ymore thorough elimination of the gas lfrom its-fluid vehicleis "rco l the still 'about one-half full of the liquidtfrom which the gas is to be eliminated. Hithcrto in apparatus of this kind the eliminated gas to be used on its condensation and expansion as the refrigerating agent has been compelled to traverse in thel still the entire bodyof incoming ammoniaca] wat-cr, and if at any point t such ammoniacal water was below the point t of saturation the liberated gas was simply absorbed thereby. In order to prevent such sequence of action and deliver the eliminated gas at a point beyond the inlet of` any weakened ammoniacal water, there Y is pro- .vided from the alternate elbows or unions of the coils of .the still a series of pipes, which n'iay be called a by-pass or shunt, conducting the freed gas from each coil -ot' the still entirely around the still. rlhe main pipe of this by-path or shunt is shown at 11., whose inner end connects with the base ofthe dome or stand-pipe 5, branch pipes connecting the upper member of each coil of the still with suchpipe 11 in the neighborhood of the up per portion of such member and of the baitle or check plate 8. The result of this construction is that the heated eliminated gas is couducted directly to the dome or stand-pipe, where it meets the incoming strong ammoniacal liquor passing over the check or baliie plates 6 and is cooled thereby, while this liquor is heated by its contact with the gas. -At the top of the dome'or stand-pipe is a pipe, 12, which leads into the space formed by the pipes or tubesl13, concentrically surrounding the inlet 2. While in the drawings but two coils of this inlet-pipe 2 and surrounding gasexit pipe 13 are shown, it is to be understood that any desired number thereof may be used. This construction forms what I call in this :class of machines the intercepter,7 in which the liberated gas, heated in its liberation, passes aro-und on its way to the condenser, the tubes bringing in the cold gaseous liquor, whereby the gas is cooled to a considerable degree on its passage to the condenser, and the inflowing liquor is heated to a considerable degree before it reaches the dome or standpipe and the still. Thus economy of fuel is insured, and the hot gas and the cold liquor are made to act on each other, and each brought to'an average temperature best suitedfor the subsequent operations thereon. By .the pipe 12, `provided with a suitable stop-cock to regulate its dow, as shown, the eliminated t gas passes within tube 13 and around tnbe2by mea-ns of crossconnections 14 to the tube 15 of the condenser. These tubes 15 are seated concentrically within tubes 30,l whereby a .water or cooling space is formed around them,

other cooling-liquid by the pump 27... Int these pipes 15 the freed or eliminated gas is cooled and condensed, from whence it passes by pipe 16,3provided, when desired, with the` ceiver is provided with theordinary visual gage, 20, connected thereto by pipes 19 19, int order that the amount of condensed or lique-` ied gas may be readilydetermined.

G2 6-1, in which may be placed one or more stop cocks or valves, 60, is the manifold expander, from whence lead any desired number of. connections to refrigcratingcoils 21. ln

with its appropriate stop-cocks or check-valve,

is shown; but it is -to be understoodt that any` desired number may be connected thereto, a series of such connections, 65, being shownlt pander and the refrigerating-coils connected therewith, and in such expansion havingabstract ed a percentage ol' the heat from the su rrounding objects, passes `to the return mani-t the absorber composed of tubes 24:.` The ani-1 niouiacal liquor from whence thisgas was climi-tl nated in the still passes i'romthe lower meme ber thereof` by `pipeB, provided with a suitable cock or check-valve, into chamber 178, whence it passes by pipe t to pipe 38, surrounding inletpipe 2. From this pipe 3S, by connection 39, it passes to pipe 40, of any de-` sired number of convolutions, surrounded by ture to its normal point. Thenee, by pipe 41, this weakened and cooledliquor is passed to pipe 24 ot' ,the absorber, meeting the gas hith-` erto freed from it at point 42. This weakened pipes 24, which areof suoli extent that the t gas is again absorbed by the water, and lthe 25 to the receiver or` tank 26, fromwhence it the same series of operations.

The system of cold-water circulation usedy to cool the gases'and'liquids inthe condenser,

absorber, and weak-water pipes `is supplied which leads water-outlet pipe 28. This pipe extends to any desired dista-nce o r point,and is provided with any suitable number of `branches for conveying the'cooling-waterito i the desired points. branch, 29, is shown as typical'of any number which may be used, 29 connecting by branches 79 79 with both the condenser and-theabsorbf er. The branch 79, connecting with' the convbetween the concentric tubes15 and 30, cool-` ing and condensing` 15 and the ammoniaeall gases passing therethrough. After circnlating around the pipes of the condenser the wa-` which is kept suppliedlwith` cold .water or 7o cockor valve 17, to the receiver 18. This re- 21, connected with the receiver 18 by pipes 8o the drawings but onetsuch; rcfrigerating-coil,

The gas, having expanded in this manifold ex` 9o fold 22, whence, by pipe 23, itis conductedtto cooling-pipe 33, so as to reduce its `tempera-` m5 liquor and gas are thenV forced through tthe 1x0.'

liquor. now rcvivitied, is `passed lby the pipe i may be again forced lby the pump 1 through -115 and controlled bythe waterpump 27, from 12o f In the drawings onesuch r 25 denser, delivers the water into the space formed 13 i ter passes by pipe 49 to the space between the concentric tubes 40and33, which form what I term the weak-water system 7"-that' is, the system oi'pipes in which the spent liquor, or

vliquor from which the gasA has -been largelyI4 eliminated, is stillfurther cooled preparatory to being passed into the absorberpipes 2 4.

After passing around these pipes this water tinds exit by branch 43 to the tubes in cham-f ber 78, whence it is permitted to escape. The

other branch 79 from 29 delivers water in they space between the concentric tubes 24 and 31- ofthe absorber, from which, after circulating therearound, it passes to a waste-pipe or to connections for other uses at4 the point 80. y

This description as' thus far given gives, generally, the construction ot' tlie entire machine and its mode of operatiomembracing the elimi A nation ofthe gas from its duid vehicle or carrier, the cooling and condensation of thefgas,` its "expansion in the refrigerating coils or chambers, aud its reabsorption by the Water from whi ch it was before eliminate@ which seto leak, If such a thing occurs,it is desirable thatit beimmediately'known.` Il" not liscovered at once,the leakage may conti nue with' u out discovery until all of -the gas (the active or v24F-'are4screw-threaded'and.secured by` these vscrew-threads in disks 5l, which then` ffor'm anges to'Lthe pipes 50 and51, are then secured together by bolts, any suitable pack.

ing being interposed, ii` desired. The ente` 1 rior or`surrounding pipes,k as v24, 30, 33,.01 59,

agent for the result desired) has-escaped, involving serious loss both in time and money. To avoid this Ilarrange apeculiarly-construct ve'djunction having little liability to leakage,

and also arrange all the joints in sight, so that if perchance any leakageshould occur it would be immediately discovered. Atthe same time in such j joints or 'couplings are arranged all the connections for the pipes they serve' or are attachedto, so that any tapping and consequent weakeningof the pipes is avoided; and, furthermore, these junctions or unions are so madethat in case o' injury to any section'of 5o pipesuch section' may be readily removed Vwit-hout disturbance of the remainder of the vapparatus and a new section inserted, the only loss entailed being a few minutes stoppage of the machine. I i

Allthfe .return'connections` between the interior pi'pesfcomposing any'portion of the ap paratus are made byltlie elbows/or returnl .bends 9,'each end thereof being formed -with a ange, The ends of these interior pipes themselves-as, lfor instance, the pipes 7 or l5 are tapped into a th-imble, 52, provided on its interior with an inwardiy-projecting ange, 75, adapted to inclose'quite snugly the interior pipe. A gland or thimble, 56, havinga projection, 76, about at a right angle to its body,

adapted to inclose and lie parallel to the interior pipe or tube, is used. Its projecting porL tion is adapted to enter the chamber formed in the interior of thimble 52, and about 'or nearly about on the flange 75. The thimble 52 being secured to the exteriorpipe andthe Linterior placed in position therein, any suit-v able washing or packing. is placed around the interior pipe,when the .gland orthimble 56 is placed in p ositio n,and it and 52brought rmly together by bolts passing through the flange Iof 56 into the body of 52, compressing the packing and forming a tight joint for the eX- terior, pipe and for it around the interior.

pipe. vAlll of the openings for connections from thepipes and. the connections themselves are made inthese thimbles. Fig. 3, is shown in each thimble 52 a con-V nection, 54, provided with ange 55. Tlese connections 54,beingunited by boltingthrough the ange 55,1`orm a passage from the members.

of the outside -system of pipes to each other. At the terminals of a system of pipes, instead of an elbow, 9, a head, 72, having flanges 7l vis used, to which is attached, and with which is formed,the, danged projecting pipe 73. This .construction obviates any tapping and consequent vveakening of the wrought pipes. From this it may also be seen that any section upon the removal of the bolts uniting the anges 50 5l at itsy ends may be readily removed and re-A placed immediately by a new section. At the For instance, in

ICO

same time all the joints 50 5l subject to the action of the ammonia are in sight and posi, tion for constant care and inspection. Where these elbows 9 are used for the still, they are to be cast or formed with the interior check or baie plates, 8, so as to insure the presenceof a llarge amount ofthe ammoniacal liquor constantly in the still.

The use of theI by-pass or shunt-route 10 11 and of the intercepter aids in equalizing the pressure throughout the entire apparatus,

which is further and completely accomplished by the peculiar course which the liquor and eliminated gas take.' It will be noticed that as the gas is abstracted from 'the liquor,

the gas and the liquor travelv in opposite directions and unobstructed unt-il they unite again in the. absorber, whence theyn ilow tothe receiver, to be started again onV their path throught-he machine. At the-same time, by the use of the by-pass and the intercepter, the outdowing eliminated gas andthe incoming liquor arejcaused to react on each other, one cooling the other and being heated in turn thereby, by which more thorough utilization of fuel and great economy in its consumption are accomplished.

The dome or stand-pipe 5v is provided withv an air-blgw-off pipe, v57, with suitable valve or at its starting.

The construction of details and the combinations thus set forth produce a machine exceedingly economical in first cost, and in consumption of material in use,reliablein action, durable, and not liable to derangement, and in which danger of accident is reduced to a minimum.

It should be noted that in passing ontof the still a certain percentage of steam or watery vapor is commingle'd with the amnioniacal gas set free from the fluid-vehicle. It is of great importance thatthis steam or watery vapor shall be wholly condensed and separated from the gas, leaving the latter essentially pure and dry. One of the main functions-ot' the intercepter hereinbefore describedV is to accomplish this result. Astheliberated gas passes over and around the still in which ithas been' set free from its vehicle, it passes, together with the commingled vapor. into the standpipe,andis driven up through the pipe V12 into the outer concentric pipe of the intercepter and around the inlet-pipe 2, containing the cold ammoniacal liquor passing to the standpipe. The contact of the mingled gas and steam with the cold inletpipe not only raises the temperature of thc latter, but so far lowers the temperature of the gas as to condense out of it thc steam and water vapor, which returns down the dome or stand-pipe to the still, leav-r ing the gas essentially pure and dry. This reciprocal heating and cooling is carried on equally at every point of the coils of the intercepter, the cold amnioniacal liquor passing one way, while the gas passes in the opposite direction.

It will be seen from the foregoing and by an inspection of the drawings thatV the several parts of the machine are in sections, whereby it can be taken apart at any time-as, for example, when the season terminates-so that the watercooling and ammonia pipes can be removed and cleaned from corrosion, thus mak` ing the machine more durable.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent,

1.A In an ice-making or refrigerating machine, an intercepter interposed between the 2. In an icemaking or rcfrgerating ma-. chine, the combination, with the inlet-pipe 'and Jthe still, of an interposed intercepter through which the cold ammoniacal liquor flowing to and the gas liberated by the still f pass in opposite directions, whereby a recipf rocal heating and cooling is effected, raising the temperature of the intlowing liquor and condensing the steam and watery vapor out of the `gas and returning said condensed fluid to the still, substantially'as deseribed 3. In an ice-making or rel'rigerating machine, an intercepter consisting of concentric pipes or tubes, through one of which passes the gaseous liquor tothe` still, the liberated gas' passing throughthe other,the incoming liquor and outtlowing gas passing in opposite directions for mutual action upon cach other as to cooling and heating, substantially as set forth.

4. In an ice-making or refrigerating machine, a dome or stand-pipe interposed between the supply-reservoir and the still, consisting of an exterior casing and interior downwardly-projecting baille or check plates alternately attached to and projecting from two opposite sides of the exterior easing, substantially as set forth.

A5. In an iceanaking or refrigerating' inachine, the combination, with the pipes forniing the still, of internally and upwardly projecting check or baiiie plates, whereby cha1ni ing the still, of a series of pipesconnected thereto and forming 1a by-.pass or shunt-path for the liberated gas around the sti1l,substan tially as set forth.

7. In an ,icc-making or refrigerating machine, the combination of a supplyreservoir or tank, a standpipe or dome, a still, and an intercepter for heating the incomingliquor, interposed between the supply-reservoir and the dome or still, substantially as set forth.

. 8. In an ice-making or; refrigerating machine, the combination, with the steam chambers or spaces of the still, of a coinmon'supvply-pipe, branches therefrom to each steam chamber or space, a common outlet or exhaust pipe, and branches therefrom to each steam chamber or space, substantially as set forth.

9. In an ice-making or refrigerating' ma-r chine, the combination, with the steam or heating pipes or chambers, of a commonlsupply-` pipe, and a common exhaust or outlet pipe, and connections from both to each steam or heating pipe or chamber, whereby the h eati l OL) iro and pressure are equalized throughout the still, substantially as set forth.

10. In an icemaking orrei'rigffating machine, the combination, with the dome or st andpipeand 'the intercepter, of a branch connection delivering the? freed gas `into the space. surrounding the supply-pipes, substantially as set forth.

Y l1. Inan ice-making or refrigerating machine, the combination, of the still, the bythe intercepter, and the'branclr connection for delivering the freed gas from the/dome or stand-pipe to the exterior chamber -of -the in- I tercepter, substantially asset forth.'

l2. The combination, in an ice-machine, of an intercepter' composed of the interior pipes and the exterior pipes eccentric thereto, with the chambcred thimbles on the exterior pipes, containing packings, the glands or thimbles on the interior pipes, having tubular fianges or projections ventering the chambered thimbles, and the return bends or elbows connecting the interior pipes for securing tight joints and permitting expansion and contraction of the parts, substantially as described.

13. In an ice-making or refrigcrating niaehine, the combination of the' still, the weak- Water cooling-chamber 78, and pipe-connections, substantially as shown, for passing the weak or spent water therethrough and partially cooling it on its road to the absorber, substantially as set forth.

lat. In an ice-making or refrigerating niachine, the combination of an intercepter, a stand-pipe or dome, a. still, a condenser, a receiver, an expander and refrigerator, an absorher, and pipe-connections, substantially as set forth.

l5. In ice-making or refrigerating machines, the improved method of heating the incoming liquor and cooling the outilowing freed gas, consisting in causing them to fioW in opposite directions .in contact with each other through the dome or standpipe,and out of contact in concentric pipes through the intercepter, substantially as set forth.

16. In an ice-making or refrigerating niachine, the combination, with the still, intercepter, expander, and condenser', of the spent or Weak water coolingcharnber 78, system of pipes 40, and lpipe-connections therefor, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof 'I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

` CHAS. H. EVANS.v Witnesses: JAMES L. Nonnrs,

Jos. L. Gooirns.

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