US3195493A - Submarine machines - Google Patents
Submarine machines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3195493A US3195493A US269939A US26993963A US3195493A US 3195493 A US3195493 A US 3195493A US 269939 A US269939 A US 269939A US 26993963 A US26993963 A US 26993963A US 3195493 A US3195493 A US 3195493A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bodies
- machine
- water
- sustaining
- submarine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
- B63G8/22—Adjustment of buoyancy by water ballasting; Emptying equipment for ballast tanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
- B63G8/24—Automatic depth adjustment; Safety equipment for increasing buoyancy, e.g. detachable ballast, floating bodies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to submarine machines i.e. to machines immersed in water.
- Such machines generally consist of two portions having distinct functions, to wit on the one hand the cabin for the crew and the control means, the inside of this cabin being kept at atmospheric pressure whatever be the external hydrostatic pressure (the walls of this cabin are therefore suiciently thick to be able to resist the action of compression forces from the surrounding medium rso that, in most cases, the apparent density of this portion is much higher than that of water) and7 on the other hand, a float divided into compartments intended to work as water ballasts and to compensate for the excess of weight of the lirst portion. This result is obtained by lling said compartments with a body or bodies of a density lower than that of water.
- the object of the present invention is to obviate these drawbacks and to provide a machine of the above mentioned type which is kept in stable equilibrium without making use of any external force.
- the upward force is obtained at least partly by means of bodies in the solid state, the specific mass and compressibility of which are lower than the respective specific mass and compressibility of the surrounding liquid medium, i.e. water.
- the equilibrium of the machine is stable. This can be easily understood by supposing that the compressibility of the sustaining bodies -is negligible. From the point of view of the actions exerted thereon, the machine in equilibrium in the liquid is then equivalent to an equal volume of the liquid presen-t inthe zone occupied by the machine and this zone is located between a denser zone located below it and a lighter zone located above it. If, for instance, the machine is moved upwardly into the upper zone, its weight becomes ice higher than the thrust acting thereon and the result tends to bring it back into its initial position. A similar reresult would be produced if the machine were moved into the lower zone.
- the machine according to this invention may have the following characteristics, taken either separately or in different combinations:
- the sustaining bodies are non porous solids or solids provided with small holes therein, without communication between these holes, the solubility of said solids in water being negligible;
- the sustaining bodies are solids coated with a suitable substance which may be varnish, paint, or a metal coating, or disposed in a sheath of thin plastic material, in order to prevent direct contact with the surrounding liquid, i.e. water;
- the sustaining bodies are fluidtight hollow solids containing a iiuid, and more especially a gas, under pressure;
- the sustaining bodies are hollow solids having hooped walls.
- said body has a positive floatability if:
- Lam formula indicates that the ratio of the radiimust be equal 'to 1.021. Y'I he. resulting density is.O.,462, ⁇ The sustaining pow'erof such spheres is there# fore much higher than that of solids.
- the density will be only 0.138.
- FIG. r3V is an axial section of a hollow body used according to thepresent'invention.
- the machine according to FIG. 1 comprises a cabin 1, with thick Vwal-ls capable of resisting the external liquid pressure, supported by a oat 2 divided by walls 3 into compartments 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10, 1 ⁇ 1,12. The division of this oatinto compartments facilitates the balancing of the machine and improves safety ⁇ in case offshocks.
- the compartments in question each containa suitable amount ofsolid sustaining bodies 31.
- Y ments' 4, 5,16, y'7, 9, 1), 11 and 12 contain solid sustaining bodie'sr31f'
- these bodies 31 do not iill up the above mentioned compartments bu'tzleave some free space therein, which can be occupied'either by water entering through ,holes 32 providediin'the lower walls thereof (the dimensions of said holes 32 being of course smaller than those-of bodies 31 sothatsaid bodies'cannot escape from to increase thefresistance to external pressure Vof the holv e low bodies that are used without considerably increasing their appar'ent'density by llin'g the recesses with'a fluid under pressure Aand in particular with a gas'under pressure.
- This circuit comprises in particular aV compressor 14 adapted to work in bothdirections, that is to lsay capabler of transferring Y gas from containers 13 into Ycompartment 8 and inversely frorncompartment 8 into containers 13 and 13a.
- the gas y' circuit has been shown for compartment 8 buto course amount of a liquefied gas and the tube is finally sealed.
- the machine further ⁇ includes weights placed lin boxes 15 xed to cabin 1 and which can be dropped'separately.
- the central compartmentS which is provided at the bottom thereof with communications with rcompartments
- the presenty invention comprises the adapta-V'.Y
- the invention is concerned with 'a submarine machine wherein the iloat,V
- v machine being possibly further characterizedby at least one of the following points: Y Y
- the machine comprises a compressor plant making it possible to force a gas under pressure into at least one f compartment so as to drive out watertherefrom and whichY may work in the reversemanner when it is desired to ex- 7'and 9 jin'addition to its use to control thel vert-ical displacement ofthe rmachine further serves as communica- For thispurpose it is tted :with closing means diagrammatically indicated at 17 and 18.
- cabin 1 is provided with windows 19 and l2i) for guiding the machine'and observing the surrounding medium.v
- the gaseous 'circuit ⁇ forcontrolling the vertical displacements of they rmachine by transfer of gasV between .containers 13 and 13 on the Yone hand and compartment 8 -on the Y Pressure gauges 22 land 23 measure the pressures exist-r ing respectively in containers 13 and'13a and in comparttract the gas from said compartment and ⁇ to lill said com-V v i.
- the machine is provided with a propelling device' for horizontal displacement; Y Y
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows, in verticalfsection, a
- the'vertical displacement velocity may vary according to a given law, or the depth at which theimachine is under the surface of water may be kept gas containers 13 and13a with a distributing machine 30 for sending gas to the other compartments.
- I iIG. 3 is a sectionalview of a hollow bodyi made of cylindrical portions 33 and 34.shrunk on each other and semi-spherical end portions 35. f
- a submarine machine comprising a frame and a Xed number of sustaining bodies at least the outer wall of which is solid and uninterruped, said bodies being operatively connected with said frame to transmit thereto an upward thrust, the specific gravity of said bodies being less than 1 and their compressibility being less than that of water, the number of said bodies being such that the total upward thrust they exert in water on said frame is equal to at least a substantial portion of the total apparent weight in water of the remainder ⁇ of said machine.
- a machine according to claim 1 wherein said bodies are hollow solid bodies filled with a gas under pressure.
- a submarine machine which comprises, a frame, a float rigid with said frame comprising a plurality of compartments, at least some of said compartments being provided, at the bottom thereof, with openings placing the inside thereof in communication with the outside, a cabin, a xed number of sustaining bodies in said last mentioned float compartments, at least the outer walls of each of bodies being solid and uninterrupted, the specific gravity of said bodies being less than 1 and their compressibility being less than that of water, the number of said bodies being such that the total upward thrust they exert in water on said oat is equal t-o a substantial portion of the total apparent weight in water of the remainder of said machine, and means carried by said frame for driving a gas into at least some of said compartments to expel water therefrom.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR893317A FR1327196A (fr) | 1962-04-04 | 1962-04-04 | Perfectionnements aux engins pour la pénétration sous-marine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3195493A true US3195493A (en) | 1965-07-20 |
Family
ID=8776074
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US269939A Expired - Lifetime US3195493A (en) | 1962-04-04 | 1963-04-02 | Submarine machines |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3195493A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR1327196A (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3379156A (en) * | 1966-12-05 | 1968-04-23 | Navy Usa | Automatic buoyancy compensation system |
US3942456A (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1976-03-09 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik | Rescue equipment for submarine vehicles |
US6004074A (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 1999-12-21 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Marine riser having variable buoyancy |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006029222A1 (de) * | 2006-06-26 | 2007-12-27 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Auftriebsmasse |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB622900A (en) * | 1947-04-17 | 1949-05-09 | Thomas Leonard Ivens | Method of and means for raising submerged and waterlogged vessels and bodies |
US2857873A (en) * | 1957-06-07 | 1958-10-28 | Norpul Corp | Rotary valve salvage apparatus |
FR1261635A (fr) * | 1960-06-25 | 1961-05-19 | Submersible | |
US3104641A (en) * | 1961-08-29 | 1963-09-24 | Gen Mills Inc | Underseas vehicle |
-
1962
- 1962-04-04 FR FR893317A patent/FR1327196A/fr not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-04-02 US US269939A patent/US3195493A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB622900A (en) * | 1947-04-17 | 1949-05-09 | Thomas Leonard Ivens | Method of and means for raising submerged and waterlogged vessels and bodies |
US2857873A (en) * | 1957-06-07 | 1958-10-28 | Norpul Corp | Rotary valve salvage apparatus |
FR1261635A (fr) * | 1960-06-25 | 1961-05-19 | Submersible | |
US3104641A (en) * | 1961-08-29 | 1963-09-24 | Gen Mills Inc | Underseas vehicle |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3379156A (en) * | 1966-12-05 | 1968-04-23 | Navy Usa | Automatic buoyancy compensation system |
US3942456A (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1976-03-09 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik | Rescue equipment for submarine vehicles |
US6004074A (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 1999-12-21 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Marine riser having variable buoyancy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1327196A (fr) | 1963-05-17 |
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