US3194625A - Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3194625A
US3194625A US203237A US20323762A US3194625A US 3194625 A US3194625 A US 3194625A US 203237 A US203237 A US 203237A US 20323762 A US20323762 A US 20323762A US 3194625 A US3194625 A US 3194625A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
bulb
exhaust tube
seal
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US203237A
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English (en)
Inventor
George K Danko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DENDAT1251432D priority Critical patent/DE1251432B/de
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US203237A priority patent/US3194625A/en
Priority to GB22814/63A priority patent/GB1043172A/en
Priority to FR937656A priority patent/FR1358923A/fr
Priority to ES289105A priority patent/ES289105A1/es
Priority to DEG28117U priority patent/DE1988671U/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3194625A publication Critical patent/US3194625A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/20—Sealing-in wires directly into the envelope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
    • H01K1/34—Double wall vessels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the walls of the compact bulb are heated to a uniformly high temperature, and tungsten vapors normally volatilized from the filament at its high operating temperature and deposited on the bulb walls, combine chemically with the halogen to form a tungsten-halogen compound which migrates to the vicinity of the hot filament where it is dissociated to release tungsten which redeposits on the filament, the halogen returning to the bulb walls to combine with further quantities of tungsten deposited thereon, thereby repeating the cycle.
  • iodine as the re generative getter as disclosed and claimed in Patent 2,883,571, Fridrich'et al., which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application.
  • the enclosing envelope or bulb In order to achieve and maintain proper operating conditions, including temperature and spacing between bulb wall and filament, for effectivefunctioning of the tungsten-halogen cycle, the enclosing envelope or bulb must be of compact size. It has also been the practice to make such lamps in a double-ended construction wherein the lead-in conductors extend into opposite ends of the small tubular envelope with the filament extending axially through the length of the envelope.
  • Such a. structure requires special bases or terminals and is evidently not adaptable for use in the sockets and fixtures for general purpose lamps which comprise a relatively large bulb having a neck portion to which is attached a base, conventionally a screw-threaded base. It is therefore a particular object to make available the advantages of high efiiciency and long life ofthe tungsten-halogen principle in a lamp having the physical or structural characteristics of a general lighting lamp.
  • the abovestated objects are achieved in a structure wherein the lamp comprises an outer glass bulb or envelope having a neck portion and which may be of a size and shape such as those employed in general service lighting lamps for' ordinary household or commercial or industrial applications.
  • a re-entra'nt inner envelope extends into the interior of the outer bulb and has a closed inner end and an open-outer'end sealed to the neck portion of the outer bulb.
  • the said inner envelope has, intermediate its inner and-outer ends, a seal portion whereat the walls of the envelope are collapsed or compressed to form a hermetic seal portion and the closed inner end of the inner envelope.
  • the light source preferably a tungsten filament, is located within the said inner chamber and is electrically connected at its ends to respective lead-in conductors which have portions thereof hermetically sealed in said seal portion and which extend outwardly through the open outer end of said inner envelope.
  • the assembly of inner envelope, filament and lead-in wires is consolidated into a unit, or inner assembly, prior to insertion of that assembly into the outer bulb.
  • that assembly further includes a glass exhaust tube which extends into the interior of the inner envelope through its open end.
  • the softened walls of the inner envelope are preferably compressed around the inner end of the exhaust tube and sealed thereto without closing off the passage through the interior of the exhaust tube.
  • the said inner chamber portion of the inner envelope is then evacuated and filled with the desired atmosphere through the said exhaust tube.
  • the said inner chamber is then closed otf preferably by reheating a localized portion of the walls of the seal portion and collapsing or compressing those walls to seal off the opening in the exhaust tube.
  • Another localized portion of a wall of the seal portion may then be pierced to forman exhaust aperture communicating with the interior of the exhaust tube to enable subsequent exhausting and gas filling of the outer bulb.
  • the lamps may then be completed by attachment of a conventional base to the neck portion of the outer bulb and attachment of the lead-in conductors to the base contactsor terminals.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of a lamp'embodying the invention
  • FIGS. ,2 to 10 illustrate various steps in the assembly and fabrication of the lamp.
  • FIG. 11 is an elevation, in section, showing an intermediate stage in the manufacture of the lamp in accordance with a modified procedure
  • the lamp illustrated therein comprises an outer glass bulb 1 having a neck portion 2 and which may be evacuated or filled with a suitable gas such asnitrogen.
  • the bulb 1 contains an internal assembly including a re-entrant inner glass envelope 3 having a closed inner (upper) end 4 and an open outer (lower) end 5 which is flared outwardly and is sealed by fusion at 6 to the neck 2 of the outer bulb.
  • the inner envelope 3 has, intermediate its ends, a seal portion 7 whereat the walls of the envelope 3 are fused and collapsed or compressed to form a hermetic seal thereby constituting the upper portion of the envelope 3 a hermetically sealed chamber 8.
  • the chamber portion 8 of inner envelope 3 contains a filament 9, preferably a coiled or coiled-coil tungsten filament extending axially of the chamber 3.
  • the filament 9 is connected at its ends to respective longer and shorter lead-in wires 10 and 11 which have portions thereof hermetically sealed in the seal por-
  • the filament 9 may be additionally supported by a supv plemental support wire 16 (see FIG. .5) which has one end embedded in abutton portion 17 at the upper end of the exhaust tube 12 and its other'end formedinto a loop encircling the filament 9 at its midpoint.
  • the bulb 1 has attached thereto a base '18 which may be a conventional screw thread base comprising a screwthreaded sheet metal shell 19'cemented to the bulb neck.
  • the lead wires and 11 are connected,"respectively,to an end or center .contact'20 andto the shell 19.
  • the inner chamber 8 containing the tungsten filament 9 preferably constitutes a compact high intensity "incandescent lamp-of the type operating with a halogen regenerative cycle, preferably a tungsten-iodine cycle as.described and claimed in the aforesaid Patent 2,883,571.
  • the chamber 8 contains an inert gas filling such as nitrogen, argon, krypton or xenon or mixtures thereof at a pressure'of preferably at least several hundred millimeters of mercury or even exceeding atmospheric pressure. Additionally, the chamber 8 contains a small quantity of iodine which, during operation of the lamp, maintains the walls of the chamber free from deposits of tungsten 'vaporized from the filament9.
  • an inert gas filling such as nitrogen, argon, krypton or xenon or mixtures thereof at a pressure'of preferably at least several hundred millimeters of mercury or even exceeding atmospheric pressure.
  • the chamber 8 contains a small quantity of iodine which, during operation of the lamp, maintains the walls of the chamber free from deposits of tungsten 'vaporized from the filament9.
  • the en velope 3 is made of glass having a relatively high softening point, such as-one of thewell known so-called hard glasses like borosilicate or alumino-silicate glasses, or quartz glass.
  • the outer bulb 1 is preferably made-of a compatible glass.
  • the lead wires10 and 11 are preferably of tungsten which forms a hermetic seal with such glasses which have a lowcoeflieient of expansion.
  • the outer portions of the lead wires 10 and 11 located below and outside the seal area 7 may be made of other metal such as copper or nickel.
  • outer bulb I may be of a size and shapelike that-of conventional household lamp bulbs
  • the filament 9 may be of any desired capacity such as, for example, about I50 watts or more for operation from conventional power supply sources of about 110 or 220 volts. Thereby, as compared to conventional household lamps operating at, for example, about 16 lumens per-watt for 750 hours in the popular 100 watt size, lamps of the halogen cycle type may be operated atefiieiencies of, for example, 20 to lumens per watt for a life in excess of 2000 hours and with virtually no depreciation in light output during life.
  • the assembly and manufacture of the lamp may be carried out substantially as follows.
  • the upper end of the exhaust tube 12 is heated and upset to form the button 17., and one end of a straight length of support wire 16, preferably of tungsten, is inserted into the softened button 17.
  • the exhaust tube 12 may be supported in a support member or spindle 21 as shown somewhat diagrammatically in FIG. 3, the said holder 21 being one of a number of such holders carried at the periphery of the indexing turret of a mount making machine similar to those well known in the art.
  • the exhaust tube is loaded into an axial passage 22 in the holder 21 with its bottom engaging a shoulder 23, the passage being sealed by an O-ring seal 24.
  • the--supportwire 16 is bent to the shape shown-in FIG. Savith a 'loop inits free .end encir cling the filamentu9 at'its-midpoint.
  • the said zone is heated toils softening point I and .the walls of the envelope-'3, are eo'llapsedtan'd then compressed by a pairtofypinch jaws (not shown) -'to form a seal area'7 .'(FIGS.”7 and'8) in whichare hermetically sealedand embedded portions o'f'thelead -wires 1'0tand 11.
  • the .said' pinch jaws are relieved ormotched atthecenter in :known manner so that the 'i'nnenwalls :o'f envelope .3 in area 7. are fused .and hermetically sealed 10 the outer .walls of the :exhausttube 12 withoutclosing'the passage throughtheinteriorof the exhaust tube.
  • the portions of lead wires -10.and' 1-1:wliich are embedded .in the seal 17 may be gprecoated :or beaded 'with glass in known manner.
  • the *assemblyfthus' formed and showniin '7, is then removed from the :holder .21 #(FIG. 3) and transferred to-exhaust and gas .filling equip'ment *in 'which fit is preferably supported in an inverted position .HStShOWIIidIl FIG. 9.
  • the lower end of the chamber 8 is preferably cooled -with liquid nitrogen to .dondense the :iodine vapor.
  • the chamber :8 is sealed off as shown atjl-3 in FIGS, apreferablyby locally heating the walls of the seal area 7 with .burners indicate'd at 32 and either permittingthe glass to "collapse-or compressing-withzpinch jaws to form the seal 13.
  • .an aperture :14 (FIG.9) is formed :ina'wall of the seal area 7 at a pointspaced 'from-the seal 13and in communication with the interior. of the exhaust tube .12.
  • the aperture 14 is prefer-ably vformed 'by localized heating and softening-of the glass' with a burner 33 andapplication of compressed air to the-,inter'ior ot-the exhaust tube 12 to blowout the aperture 14.
  • the exhaust fibe -:12 is then tipped otf as shown at 15 (FIG. 1.)..a'fter 'w-hic'h-ithe base 21 8 is mounted on the bulb i-neek' and the lead wires 10 and '11 connected thereto in conventional manner.
  • FIG. 11 there is illustrated .a zmodification'iin :the manu'thcture-of the internal assembly. -In this case the closed upper end 4 of the envelope .3 i8 iprov'ided with a glass exhaust tabulation .34.- Also. during formation of the seal portion7'. it is compressed in :a manner *tot'clnse or seal olT the exhaust tube 1.2, ra-fter w hich it is reheated and the :exhaust aperture 14' is -l)lown through the mass of plastic glass.
  • the chamber 8 is then evacuated and filled with the desired atmosphere through the tubulation 34 which is then sealed or tipped off as illustrated by the dotted lines at 35.
  • the said inner assembly is then sealed into an outer bulb l as described in connection with FIG.
  • the said outer bulb being exhausted and gas filled and the other end open, with a glass exhaust tube ex tending into the interior of said envelope through the open end thereof, and with a pair of lead-in conductors extending longitudinally into the interior of said envelope beyond said exhaust tube and supporting thereat a filament connected at its ends to the ends of said conductors, heating and softening a, zone of said envelope located intermediate its ends and adjacent to the inner end of said exhaust tube, compressing the softened walls of the envelope at said vzone to form a single hermetic pinch seal area about the adjacent portions of said conductors and about said exhaust tube while preserving the opening through the interior of said tube to thereby form a chamber enclosing said filament between the closed end of said envelope and the said hermetic seal area, removing the air from said chamber through said exhaust tube and filling the chamber with a desired atmosphere, reheating a portion of said hermetic seal area adjacent said chamber to soften and collapse the glass thereat to seal oilthe opening through said exhaust tube, forming an exhaust aperture through the wall

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US203237A 1962-06-18 1962-06-18 Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof Expired - Lifetime US3194625A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DENDAT1251432D DE1251432B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1962-06-18
US203237A US3194625A (en) 1962-06-18 1962-06-18 Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof
GB22814/63A GB1043172A (en) 1962-06-18 1963-06-07 Electric lamp and manufacture thereof
FR937656A FR1358923A (fr) 1962-06-18 1963-06-11 Perfectionnements aux lampes électriques et à leur construction
ES289105A ES289105A1 (es) 1962-06-18 1963-06-17 Mejoras introducidas en la fabricación de lámparas eléctricas
DEG28117U DE1988671U (de) 1962-06-18 1963-06-18 Elektrische gluehlampe.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US203237A US3194625A (en) 1962-06-18 1962-06-18 Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3194625A true US3194625A (en) 1965-07-13

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US203237A Expired - Lifetime US3194625A (en) 1962-06-18 1962-06-18 Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3194625A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE1988671U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES289105A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1043172A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3484146A (en) * 1966-10-08 1969-12-16 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling
US3685880A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-08-22 Gen Electric Manufacture of lamps of the compact arc discharge type
US4463277A (en) * 1980-08-11 1984-07-31 North American Philips Lighting Corporation Compact halogen-cycle incandescent lamp, and lamp unit utilizing such lamp as a light source
US4647809A (en) * 1983-02-25 1987-03-03 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with self-mounting frame-assembly and method of constructing same
US4810932A (en) * 1985-11-15 1989-03-07 General Electric Company Tungsten-halogen incandescent and metal vapor discharge lamps and processes of making such
US4945288A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-07-31 Gte Products Corporation Double jacket lamp
US5498185A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-03-12 General Electric Company Methods of making an improved X-ray tube cathode cup assembly
US5515413A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-05-07 General Electric Company X-ray tube cathode cup assembly
US7062017B1 (en) 2000-08-15 2006-06-13 Varian Medical Syatems, Inc. Integral cathode
US20090323898A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2009-12-31 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Thermionic emitter designed to control electron beam current profile in two dimensions

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270237A (en) * 1963-06-26 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Electric lamp with single ended pinch seal
JPS49151074U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-04-26 1974-12-27
US4598225A (en) * 1983-02-25 1986-07-01 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with high outer-envelope to inner-envelope wall-thickness ratio
US4524302A (en) * 1983-08-01 1985-06-18 General Electric Company General service incandescent lamp with improved efficiency
CN106409648A (zh) * 2016-10-13 2017-02-15 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 一种双层同心球面结构高能效光源

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1941074A (en) * 1930-09-17 1933-12-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric discharge device
US2179437A (en) * 1938-08-10 1939-11-07 Arthur R Socolofsky Incandescent lamp
US2188298A (en) * 1937-07-02 1940-01-30 William J Hitchcock Seal for evacuated devices
US2265886A (en) * 1941-02-27 1941-12-09 Baez Rafael Serrano Incandescent lamp
US2883571A (en) * 1958-03-03 1959-04-21 Gen Electric Electric incandescent lamp

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1941074A (en) * 1930-09-17 1933-12-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric discharge device
US2188298A (en) * 1937-07-02 1940-01-30 William J Hitchcock Seal for evacuated devices
US2179437A (en) * 1938-08-10 1939-11-07 Arthur R Socolofsky Incandescent lamp
US2265886A (en) * 1941-02-27 1941-12-09 Baez Rafael Serrano Incandescent lamp
US2883571A (en) * 1958-03-03 1959-04-21 Gen Electric Electric incandescent lamp

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3484146A (en) * 1966-10-08 1969-12-16 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling
US3685880A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-08-22 Gen Electric Manufacture of lamps of the compact arc discharge type
US4463277A (en) * 1980-08-11 1984-07-31 North American Philips Lighting Corporation Compact halogen-cycle incandescent lamp, and lamp unit utilizing such lamp as a light source
US4647809A (en) * 1983-02-25 1987-03-03 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with self-mounting frame-assembly and method of constructing same
US4810932A (en) * 1985-11-15 1989-03-07 General Electric Company Tungsten-halogen incandescent and metal vapor discharge lamps and processes of making such
US4945288A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-07-31 Gte Products Corporation Double jacket lamp
US5498185A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-03-12 General Electric Company Methods of making an improved X-ray tube cathode cup assembly
US5515413A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-05-07 General Electric Company X-ray tube cathode cup assembly
US7062017B1 (en) 2000-08-15 2006-06-13 Varian Medical Syatems, Inc. Integral cathode
US20090323898A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2009-12-31 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Thermionic emitter designed to control electron beam current profile in two dimensions
US7924983B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2011-04-12 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Thermionic emitter designed to control electron beam current profile in two dimensions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1251432B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES289105A1 (es) 1963-12-01
DE1988671U (de) 1968-07-04
GB1043172A (en) 1966-09-21

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