US3190746A - Process for use of raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces - Google Patents

Process for use of raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3190746A
US3190746A US227080A US22708062A US3190746A US 3190746 A US3190746 A US 3190746A US 227080 A US227080 A US 227080A US 22708062 A US22708062 A US 22708062A US 3190746 A US3190746 A US 3190746A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coke
petroleum coke
raw petroleum
furnace
percent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US227080A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfred A Triska
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GREAT LAKES CARBON Corp
Daewoo Engineering and Construction Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Daewoo Engineering and Construction Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL297826D priority Critical patent/NL297826A/xx
Priority to NL129934D priority patent/NL129934C/xx
Application filed by Daewoo Engineering and Construction Co Ltd filed Critical Daewoo Engineering and Construction Co Ltd
Priority to US227080A priority patent/US3190746A/en
Priority to GB31867/63A priority patent/GB999352A/en
Priority to JP38045277A priority patent/JPS5010802B1/ja
Priority to LU44480D priority patent/LU44480A1/xx
Priority to BR153005/63A priority patent/BR6353005D0/pt
Priority to FR948393A priority patent/FR1369831A/fr
Priority to DEG38804A priority patent/DE1238054B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3190746A publication Critical patent/US3190746A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used

Definitions

  • the charging cycle viz. the sequence in which the principal raw materials-iron ore, limestone, coke-are charged into the furnace, varies from plant to plant.
  • the preparation of cokes having such properties as listed, viz. desired size, hardness, strength, volatile matter content, etc., is a time consuming and expensive process for the coke manufacturer, and typically involves selecting and/or blending suitable starting materials such as certain bituminous coals, coking these in a coking oven at a suitable temperature for about 24 hours, and then screening out the fines from the total coke produced so that coke which has the proper minimumsize is furnished to the blast furnace.
  • the proper minimum coke size varies in practice from /2" to 1" with the top size generally 3-4".
  • the end product has been found to give very satisfactory results in a blast furnace if the blast furnace operator observes normal care in his methods of transferring the coke into the blast furnace. b Because of these satisfactory results there is, or has een, furnace operators to experiment with or try cokes in their furnaces which cokes have properties considerably different from those which they have found to give them satisfactory and predictable results.
  • raw petroleum coke which has properties considerably different from many of those of standard metallurgical cokes, may be advantageously employed in the ore reduction process in blast furnaces.
  • raw petroleum coke as a reducing agent in a blast furnace be as a partial replacement for conventional metallurgical cokes, rather than as a complete replacement therefor.
  • the raw petroleum cokes 'whichmay be suitably employed as a reducing agent in a blast furnace, result from the thermal cracking and polymerization of heavy petroleurn residues such as reduced or top crudes, thermally or 'catalytically cracked residuums, etc.
  • the coking is normally conducted in a vertical cylindrical drum such as those manufactured by Kellogg, Lummus and Foster 7 Wheeler Companiesf
  • the heavy hydrocarbons are ad mitted into the drum at a temperature between 875 and 950 F., and are permitted to soak and carbonize until the drum is nearly filled with a solid coke.
  • the material is removed from the drum'by various decoking methods matter content averaging from about 8% to about 20% by weight and which are made in such delayed cokers? are employed in the present invention.
  • volatile matter being discussed here is determined by ASTM method D 271-48 modified for sparking fuels and is exclusive of the moisture and free oil which would be removed by heating to temperatures of 400-500 F. Volatile matter is determined in a plantium crucible in an electrically heated furnace maintained at temperatures of 1742" F.i36 F. A one gram sample of dry-60 an understandable reluctance on the part of blast amount of fines. A suggested or typical analysis of a satisfactory sized raw petroleum coke is as follows:
  • the material will also typically have an apparent specific gravity of about 0.94 weigh about 40 pounds per cubic foot, have an ash content of about 0.2%, and a volatile matter content of about 23-14%.
  • Example I normal blast furnace operation is compared to results obtained when replacing l2 /2% of the metallurgical coke with raw petroleum coke having the previously described characteristics.
  • Example II at the same blast furnace the results are shown when replacing 14.2 and 16.7% of the metallurgical coke with raw petroleum coke.
  • the raw petroleum coke differed from the metallurgical coke in several respects.
  • the volatile matter content of the raw petroleum coke was 8.7-10.0% as compared to 0.7l.l% for the metallurgical coke.
  • the petroleum coke had an ash content of about 0.20.3% as compared to 9.41l.7%. it also differed markedly in size (approximately 17% plus 2 inch compared to 78%), bulk density (approximately pounds per cubic foot compared to 25), and porosity, etc.
  • the combustion characteristics of the raw petroleum coke are also considerably diiferent with respect to ignition temperature, reactivity, temperature of combustion, burning rate, etc.
  • the table shows the employment of a combination of metallurgical coke and raw petroleum coke as the fuel and reducing agent in a blast furnace to be very advantageous. It increased the hot metal output of the furnace, and reduced both the amount of limestone and the Comparison of results of partial replacement of metallurgical coke with raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces Example I--Operatio11 Example II-O peration Test conditions Normal Petroleum Normal Petroleum coke coke Coke analysis:
  • each pound of raw petroleum coke replaced about 1.58-1.76pounds of metallurgical coke. This replacement resulted in an average reduction of 132 pounds from the total pounds of coke required to produce each ton of hot metal with normal metallurgical coke.
  • the raw petroleum coke possesses a relatively high amount of volatile matter, it devolatilizes to a considerable degree in the upper section of the blast furnace. This removes heat and thus lowers the temperature in this portion of the furnace, which results in depressing the reactions of forming CO and hydrogen with coke, (viz. CO +C 2CO; and H O+C I-I +CO) which in the lowered temperature range are not fully utilized to reduce oxides and therefore are lost as off gases (a waste of carbon and hydrogen). Therefore, the initial result is an increase in carbon dioxide and reduction of hydrogen in the off gas. This means better utilization of carbon.
  • the devolatilized petroleum coke then gasifies at lower levels in the shaft than normal metallurgical coke because it possesses low reactivity; and that portion arriving at the combustion zone burns at higher temperatures because of its combustion characteristics (caused by less internal coke surface).- This results in increased carbon dioxide concentration reaching further into the furnace from the .tuyeres. This higher temperature is also of importance i-f metal desulfurization or increased silicon or manganese content are sought or desired.
  • the amount of coke employed to produce each ton of hot metal can be substantially reduced, as discussed above, in order to produce metal having equivalent properties. Metals having altered properties, viz. reduced sulfur, increased silicon, increased manganese etc., may also be conveniently produced.
  • raw petroleum coke as a reducing agent in a blast furnace, in any amount, is new with the present invention and meritorious pected advantages arising therefrom.
  • Even more preferred proportions of these two materials are to 25 percent ra-w petroleum coke and 90 to 75 percent of the standard metallurgical coke.
  • the two materials may be separately charged to the furnace, such as 7 charges of 100% metallurgical coke followed by a single charge of 100% raw petroleum coke, etc; or the two materials may be pre blended with each other, in the desired proportions, before they are added as a mixture to the blast furnace; or a given amount of petroleum coke can be added to each coke charge.
  • raw petroleum coke from which fines have been screened out will typically be employed in the invention, this is not to be interpreted as precluding the use of fines or run of pile raw petroleum coke. In other words, it may sometimes be advantageous to employ fines or run of pile petroleum coke.
  • the sized petroleum coke typically employed will be screened to plus 4" or /2" etc. with a top size of about 4".
  • the raw petroleum coke fines may also be agglomeratedwith a binder such as starch etc. to make pellets or briquets prior to its addition to the blast furnace. Or the raw petroleum coke may first be ground or milled and then pelletized, etc. In any of these cases the material is still considered to be raw because it still possesses, essentially, the same volatile matter content as raw petroleum coke, and essentially also has the same combustion and reactivity characteristics.
  • the improvement which comprises employing, as the coke charged to said furnace, from about 95 to about percent of a metallurgical coke, which possesses a volatile matter content no higher than about 2%, and from about 5 to about 40 percent of raw petroleum coke produced in a delayed coker and having a volatile matter content between about 8 andabout 20 percent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US227080A 1962-09-28 1962-09-28 Process for use of raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3190746A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL297826D NL297826A (cs) 1962-09-28
NL129934D NL129934C (cs) 1962-09-28
US227080A US3190746A (en) 1962-09-28 1962-09-28 Process for use of raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces
GB31867/63A GB999352A (en) 1962-09-28 1963-08-13 Use of raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces
JP38045277A JPS5010802B1 (cs) 1962-09-28 1963-08-28
LU44480D LU44480A1 (cs) 1962-09-28 1963-09-21
BR153005/63A BR6353005D0 (pt) 1962-09-28 1963-09-23 Uso de coque de petroleo cru em altos fornos
FR948393A FR1369831A (fr) 1962-09-28 1963-09-23 Procédé de production de métaux ferreux en utilisant du coke de pétrole brut dans les hauts fourneaux
DEG38804A DE1238054B (de) 1962-09-28 1963-09-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenmetallen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US227080A US3190746A (en) 1962-09-28 1962-09-28 Process for use of raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3190746A true US3190746A (en) 1965-06-22

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Family Applications (1)

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US227080A Expired - Lifetime US3190746A (en) 1962-09-28 1962-09-28 Process for use of raw petroleum coke in blast furnaces

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3190746A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5010802B1 (cs)
BR (1) BR6353005D0 (cs)
GB (1) GB999352A (cs)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619148A (en) * 1969-04-09 1971-11-09 Republic Carbon Products Co In Metallurgical coke
US3770418A (en) * 1968-03-04 1973-11-06 T Wilde Method of melting iron with lumps of carbon coke

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5244490A (en) * 1975-10-04 1977-04-07 Sankyo Rikagaku Kk Abrasion belt
GB2281311B (en) * 1993-03-29 1996-09-04 Boc Group Plc Metallurgical processes and apparatus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2184318A (en) * 1934-11-15 1939-12-26 Ruzicka Stevan Process for simultaneous production of alumina cement and pig iron in blast furnaces
US2787585A (en) * 1951-01-29 1957-04-02 Kaiser Steel Corp Production of metallurgical coke
US2808370A (en) * 1953-10-12 1957-10-01 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Metallurgical coke
US3058821A (en) * 1960-02-18 1962-10-16 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Manufacture of coke

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2184318A (en) * 1934-11-15 1939-12-26 Ruzicka Stevan Process for simultaneous production of alumina cement and pig iron in blast furnaces
US2787585A (en) * 1951-01-29 1957-04-02 Kaiser Steel Corp Production of metallurgical coke
US2808370A (en) * 1953-10-12 1957-10-01 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Metallurgical coke
US3058821A (en) * 1960-02-18 1962-10-16 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Manufacture of coke

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3770418A (en) * 1968-03-04 1973-11-06 T Wilde Method of melting iron with lumps of carbon coke
US3619148A (en) * 1969-04-09 1971-11-09 Republic Carbon Products Co In Metallurgical coke

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB999352A (en) 1965-07-21
BR6353005D0 (pt) 1973-10-25
JPS5010802B1 (cs) 1975-04-24

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