US3185995A - Electrostatic recording process - Google Patents

Electrostatic recording process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3185995A
US3185995A US177621A US17762162A US3185995A US 3185995 A US3185995 A US 3185995A US 177621 A US177621 A US 177621A US 17762162 A US17762162 A US 17762162A US 3185995 A US3185995 A US 3185995A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
recording
tape
electrode
dielectric
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US177621A
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English (en)
Inventor
John E Dickens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL289767D priority Critical patent/NL289767A/xx
Priority to BE629169D priority patent/BE629169A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US177621A priority patent/US3185995A/en
Priority to GB8400/63A priority patent/GB1029065A/en
Priority to FR926834A priority patent/FR1349040A/fr
Priority to LU43303D priority patent/LU43303A1/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3185995A publication Critical patent/US3185995A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/80—Television signal recording using electrostatic recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/32—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head
    • G03G15/321—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
    • G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
    • G06K1/128—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by electric registration, e.g. electrolytic, spark erosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B9/08—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using electrostatic charge injection; Record carriers therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G7/02—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G7/02—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric
    • H01G7/021—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an organic dielectric
    • H01G7/023—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an organic dielectric of macromolecular compounds

Definitions

  • a dielectric recording medium travels between a pair of electrodes.
  • a threshold value of the voltage is reached at which current flow in the circuit begins to increase rapidly.
  • This voltage above the threshold value serves to inject into the record medium a charge pattern corresponding to a signal. This pattern cannot be removed by wiping the surface of the medium.
  • the signal can be played back repeatedly by coupling the electrodes to an amplifier and passing the record medium between the electrodes.
  • the threshold voltage is about 600 volts.
  • the dielectric medium in the form of a high resistivity tape is passed between two electrodes.
  • the electrodes contact opposite surfaces of the tape to make the tape part of the electrical circuit.
  • a uniform bias voltage of 600-1200 volts (DC. or AC.) and :a Voltage corresponding to the signal to be recorded is impressed across the thickness of the moving tape by the electrodes
  • the preferred electrode structure comprises a knife edge frontal electrode and a discontinuous backing electrode.
  • the preferred backing electrode is a wire-wound cylindrical structure having a multiplicity of fine point contacts transverse to the direction of movement of the tape and directly opposite to the knife edge. These fine point contacts in combination with the opposed knife edge provide sites of high electric field intensity required forpermanent recording.
  • the ability of the dielectric medium to retain the signal is a function of the volume and surface resistivities of the medium. For substantially permanent retention, a volume resistivity of at least 10 ohm-centimeter is required. Although there are many materials that fulfill this requirement, Mylar* polyester tape fulfills both this requirement and the inherent requirement of adequate strength. The strength is required since the tape must travel many times through the recording and playback apparatus.
  • Electrostatic recording on an electrically non-conductive dielectric medium as discussed above is potentially superior to systems of recording in common use. This superiority is based upon the low cost of the recording medium; the low cost of the accessory apparatus; and the higher information packing density possible.
  • General acceptance of this method of recording has been retarded by certain deficiencies.
  • One of these deficiencies is associated with the apparatus and method employed in recording.
  • This apparatus by virtue of the requirement for heavy cont-act of electrodes with the moving dielectric tape, exerts a vise-like action on the tape while the tape passes between and in engagement with the relatively sharp frontal electrode and the blunt backing electrode. This causes abrasion of the surface of the tape with the accompanying build-up of debris on the electrode system. This debris causes erratic contact and poor quality recording.
  • a second deficiency of electrostatic recording is the *Registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
  • Patented May 25, 1965 difficulty to store recorded tape. There is a tendency of recorded signals to print through from one convolution to the next if the recorded tape is wound on a reel for storage.
  • the present invention overcomes these difiiculties by using as the recording medium a dielectric material in the form of a continuous tape or film having one surface thereof coated with an electrically conductive material.
  • the coated dielectric material is preferably metallized polyethylene terephthalate film.
  • other polymeric films may be used as the dielectric material, e.g., polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, fluorinated olefin polymers, etc.
  • Metallizing of the dielectric material may be accomplished using metal vapors in the conventional manner to provide a coating of aluminum, copper, tin, gold, etc. It is also possible to coat the dielectric film with electrically conductive particles dispersed in a vehicle.
  • metal particles e.g., aluminum, copper, etc, non-metal particles such as carbon, silicon, etc.
  • particles may be used as well as metal oxide particles, e.g., tin oxide.
  • the use of the electrically conductive backing on the dielectric recording tape permits recording with very light contact and, in many cases, without any substantial contact at all between the dielectric tape and the electrodes. In fact, it is preferable to omit the backing electrode entirely and permit one of the drive rollers, the capstan, not in opposed relationship with the recording electrode to act as a grounded backing electrode. Surprisingly, also, the signals recorded in a dielectric medium with a conductive backing persist for satisfactorily long periods even when storage of the record medium is in a relatively moist atmosphere. It should also be pointed out that are formation over the edge of the dielectric tape between the recording electrode and the conductive backing during recording, envisaged by those skilled in the art for such recording, does not occur.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus useful for performing the process of this invention.
  • the frontal electrode system 16 is shown to be disposed below the traveling recording medium.
  • This frontal electrode system 16 includes sources for direct current biasing and for providing a signal.
  • This system 16 may be composed of one or two or more electrodes. Although contact of the electrode with the record medium can occur, a spacing of 0.1 mil- 3 mils is usually maintained between the medium 11 and the electrodes or electrode. The preferred maximum spacing is 0.3 mil for recording using DC.
  • the recording electrode is usually coupled to a cathodefollower type preamplifier 21, such as employed in a Kiethley 102-13 electrometer (manufactured by Kiethley Electronics (10., Cleveland, Ohio).
  • the recording medium may travel adjacent to ion sources 18 and 19.
  • ion sources 18 and 19 are of the high voltage discharge type and are coupled to a high voltage transformer 20.
  • Ion source 18 serves to condition the tape prior to recording and ion source 19 serves to lock the signal in the tape after recording.
  • the frontal electrodes should not be as Wide as the tape but only of half-track width. In this way, arc-over is avoided.
  • Recording is accomplished by using a pre-bias of 1000 volts DC. applied to the first electrode, with a recording bias of +600 volts D.C. along with a signal having a maximum of 600 volts peak-to-peak applied to the second electrode.
  • the negative sign applied to the pre-bias voltage indicates that the negative pole of the bias source was applied to this electrode and, correspondingly, the positive sign on the recording bias voltage indicates that the positive pole of the electrode is coupled to this electrode.
  • recording could be accomplished on apparatus with only a single frontal electrode, in which case the tape would be passed through the apparatus first and subjected to :the pre-bias voltage, and then through the apparatus a second time for recording.
  • recording could be accomplished with a single electrode without pre-biasing. However, a higher voltage (about 1200 volts) bias is required.
  • the structure of the frontal electrodes is preferably a knife edge of about one-half the tape width in length, with the edge transverse to the tape between shoulders of a high-strength, high-resistivity resin such as Delrin. These shoulders extend over the edges of the tape and provide guides to assist in uniform tracking the electrode. Playback is in the usual manner, although slightly improved results can be obtained with a playback head of a width narrower than the tape.
  • trode is subjected to a voltage across the electrodes, said voltage being above the threshold voltage for current flow to said dielectric tape and also being directly related to a signal voltage whereby a charge is impressed in said dielectric tape corresponding :to the signal, the improvement wherein the surface of the dielectric tape distant from said frontal recording electrode is electrically conductive.
  • dielectric recording tape is polyethylene terephthalate film.
  • dielectric recording tape is polyethylene terephthalate film which is coated with a metal.
  • dielectric recording tape is polyethylene terephthalate film which is coated with aluminum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US177621A 1962-03-05 1962-03-05 Electrostatic recording process Expired - Lifetime US3185995A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL289767D NL289767A (es) 1962-03-05
BE629169D BE629169A (es) 1962-03-05
US177621A US3185995A (en) 1962-03-05 1962-03-05 Electrostatic recording process
GB8400/63A GB1029065A (en) 1962-03-05 1963-03-01 Improvements in or relating to electrostatic recording
FR926834A FR1349040A (fr) 1962-03-05 1963-03-05 Procédé d'enregistrement électrostatique et bande d'enregistrement utilisée
LU43303D LU43303A1 (es) 1962-03-05 1963-03-05

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US177621A US3185995A (en) 1962-03-05 1962-03-05 Electrostatic recording process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3185995A true US3185995A (en) 1965-05-25

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ID=22649295

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US177621A Expired - Lifetime US3185995A (en) 1962-03-05 1962-03-05 Electrostatic recording process

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3185995A (es)
BE (1) BE629169A (es)
GB (1) GB1029065A (es)
LU (1) LU43303A1 (es)
NL (1) NL289767A (es)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331076A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-07-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method and medium for electron beam recording
US3331077A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-07-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method and medium for electron beam recording
US3336596A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-08-15 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Medium for electron beam recording
US3346868A (en) * 1965-03-24 1967-10-10 Denki Onkyo Co Ltd Electrograph using for plurality of electrode devices having a thermoplastic film asa recording medium
US3480963A (en) * 1965-07-27 1969-11-25 Burroughs Corp Command responsive multi-channel electrostatic recorder
US4395715A (en) * 1980-09-20 1983-07-26 International Business Machines Corporation Method and arrangement for controlling the print current in metal paper printers
WO1994027291A1 (en) * 1993-05-15 1994-11-24 Sina Medical Gmbh New recording system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2698928A (en) * 1951-01-24 1955-01-04 Charles F Pulvari Ferro-electric carrier, particularly tape recording and reproducing system
US2726940A (en) * 1954-11-03 1955-12-13 Ibm Xerographic printer
US3012839A (en) * 1954-07-15 1961-12-12 Burroughs Corp Electrographic printer
GB896692A (en) * 1958-06-09 1962-05-16 Armour Res Found Improvements in or relating to a transducer system and method
US3040124A (en) * 1956-06-25 1962-06-19 Armour Res Found Transducer head system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2698928A (en) * 1951-01-24 1955-01-04 Charles F Pulvari Ferro-electric carrier, particularly tape recording and reproducing system
US3012839A (en) * 1954-07-15 1961-12-12 Burroughs Corp Electrographic printer
US2726940A (en) * 1954-11-03 1955-12-13 Ibm Xerographic printer
US3040124A (en) * 1956-06-25 1962-06-19 Armour Res Found Transducer head system
GB896692A (en) * 1958-06-09 1962-05-16 Armour Res Found Improvements in or relating to a transducer system and method

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331076A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-07-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method and medium for electron beam recording
US3331077A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-07-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method and medium for electron beam recording
US3336596A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-08-15 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Medium for electron beam recording
US3346868A (en) * 1965-03-24 1967-10-10 Denki Onkyo Co Ltd Electrograph using for plurality of electrode devices having a thermoplastic film asa recording medium
US3480963A (en) * 1965-07-27 1969-11-25 Burroughs Corp Command responsive multi-channel electrostatic recorder
US4395715A (en) * 1980-09-20 1983-07-26 International Business Machines Corporation Method and arrangement for controlling the print current in metal paper printers
WO1994027291A1 (en) * 1993-05-15 1994-11-24 Sina Medical Gmbh New recording system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL289767A (es)
LU43303A1 (es) 1963-09-05
BE629169A (es)
GB1029065A (en) 1966-05-11

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