Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/06—Polyethene

Definitions

• This invention relates to polypropylene compositions, particularly films made therefrom, having substantially reduced blocking tendencies and coefficients of friction.
• An object of this invention is to provide polypropylene compositions which possess reduced film-to-film coefficients of friction. Another object is to provide polypropylene compositions which, upon conversion into sheets and films, possess improved resistance to blocking. A further object is to provide improved polypropylene compositions with respect to blocking and coetficient of friction Without adversely affecting other properties of films made therefrom to a significant extent, such as transparency, haze, vapor permeability, and the like. Other objects will be apparent from the description of the invention given below.
• amide of a higher fatty acid is intended to apply to amides of saturated and unsaturated water-insoluble mo-nocarboxylic acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule thereof, such as are present as free acids or their glyceridcs in fatty oils.
• Typical fatty acid amides found useful in obtaining the improved polypropylene compositions of this invention are the amide of dodecanoic acid, the amide of tetradecanoic acid, the amide of hexadecanoic acid, the amide of octadecanoic acid, the amide of 9-octadecanoic acid ⁇ i.e, oleic acid), the amide of "9,12-octadecadienoic acid (i.e. linoleic acid), and the like.
• fatty acid amide may be used satisfactorily, cormnercially available mixtures ofvarious fatty acid amides which may contain up to about five percent by weight of free fatty acid have been found to effectively impart the desired novel properties to polypropylene to a greater extent.
• amides of acids which do' not fall within the foregoing definitions are not effective for the purposes of the present invention.
• the amide of l3-docosenoic acid is ineffective as a slip agent for polypropylene films.
• the optimum concentration of fatty acid amide depends on both the nature of the particular polypropylene involved (cg. average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution), and the nature and amounts of other non-resinous components such as pigments, fillers and the like present in the compositions, but in general, quantities between about 0.05 and 0.5 weight percent of the 3,l?i5,02l Fatented Mar. 30, 1905 amides of this invention are sufficient, with quantities between 0.1 and 0.3 weight percent being preferred.
• the polyethylenes useful in acconiance with this embodiment may be film grade conventional low density polyethylene or film grade linear polyethylene; i.e. either low density or linear polyethylenes having themolecular weights, flow rates and other properties generally associated with those commercially available for preparing films and coatings.
• polyethylene films generally contain more haze than do polypropylene films.
• the extrusion temperature in the nozzle should be between about 400 and about 550 F., preferably 450 to 525 F. i
• a concentrate of the amide in polypropylene can be made by one of the aforesaid methods and this concentrate can in turn be blended with polypropylene molding powder by tumbling or other suitable means. Moreover, various combinations of the above methods can be used.
• film slip properties are the coefiicients of friction, both static and dynamic, as
• the equipment used for this purpose is a Table Model lnstron Tester equipped with a slip table which is secured to the crosshead.
• the test sled used. according to this method is a rectangular metal block, 4 inches by 2.5 inches wrapped with a 0.25 inch thick rubber sheet.
• the block is equipped with a hook and film clamping means, and the sled has a total weight of 500 gr. :5 gr.
• the slip table has a pulley attached to it, and when the device is in use, a line secured on one end to the strain gauge of the Tester is run through the pulley and attached to the hook on the sled.
• the crosshead and the slip table move downwardly, the sled is pulled from one end of the table to the other.
• two pieces of film are cut for each run, one being 14 inches by 3.5 inches and the other being 9 inches by 2.5 inches.
• the larger piece of film is centered on the slip table with its test surface uppermost, and with one end thereof secured to the table with pressure sensitive tape at a point 1 inch short of the end of the table.
• the smaller sample is wrapped around the test sled with the test side of the sample outermost at the bottom thereof and the ends of the sample are secured on top of the sled.
• the crosshead is'then started at a rate of 10 inches per minute and the static and dynamic slip values are read from the strain gauge.
• the slip i.e. the coefficient of friction
• the slip equals the force required to efiect movement between the two film surfaces divided by the normal force brought to bear by the sled or Force in gr. 2
• compositions of this invention allow the production of transparent polypropylene films, tubes, and other shaped articles having greatly reduced film-to-film coefficient or friction.
• compositions of this invention are composed essentially of polypropylene containing small amounts of specific amides, or said amides and film grade polyethylcue, the compositions may also contain small amounts of other desirable additives, such as antioxidants, dyes and pigments, plasticizers, antistatic agents, and the like, provided the additional ingredients are not present in amounts sufl'lcient to alter the eflicacy of the amides of this invent-ion.
• the compositions of this invention are particularly useful for fabrication by.
• compositions may also be cast, extruded, or molded into films, sheets, rods, tubes and piping, filaments and other shaped articles.
• the compositions may also be used for coating paper, cloth, wire, metal foil, glass fiber mats, synthetic and natural textiles and other substrates.
• the quantities of additives given are in terms of weight percent of additives based upon the total weight of polypropylene plus additives.
• the slip values are obtained inaccordance with the method described hereinabove.
• the specimens tested in the examples are films of approximately 1 mil thickness prepared by the use of conventional slit-die chill-roll melt extrusion techniques. In these examples, haze was measured in accordance with ASTM D-100359T using the Hazemeter.
• EXAMPLE 1 0 Polypropylene film, containing 0.2% 0t" the amide V mixture of Example 1 :plus 1.0% of high density poly- EXAMPLES 11 THROUGH The procedune of Example 10 was repeated with 1.0% of high density polyethylene (Super Dylan) plus the tabulated amounts of the amide mixture of Example 8.
• Control F is a repeat of Example 12, but it contains no polyethylene.
• Control G is a repeat of Example 14, except that it contains no polyethylene, and Control H contains 1% of said polyethylene. It is apparent from the data found in Table V that the combination of polyethylene plus amide enables one to use less of the amides and/ or higher extrusion temperatures with concomitant reductions in slip and haze.
• Any polypropylene suitable for preparing substantially transparent self-supporting films may be used for the purposes of this invention.
• Film grade polypropylene having 2. Flow Rate of from about 2 to about is satisfactory, the Flow Rate being measured by the method described in US. patent application Serial No. 791,- 251, filed February 5, 1959, by Casey et a1.
• film grade polypropylene having a Flow Rate between about 4 and about 10 is used, preferably film grade poly- 6 propylene having a Flow Rate between about 5 and about 7.
• a process for preparing polypropylene films which comprises (A) admixing substantially crystalline isotaotic polypropylene with between about 0.1 and 4.0 weight percent of polyethylene and from about 0.005 to about 2.0 weight percent of a material selected from the group consisting of an amide of a Water-insoluble monocarboxyl-ic acid having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and mixtures of said amides, B) melt extruding the so-forrned admixture at a temperature between about 400 and 550 F., and (C) recovering a polypropylene film having a static coefiicient of friction no higher than 0.6 and no more than about 3.5% haze as determined by ASTM D-1003-59T.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (37)

Citations (4)

• 0
  • NL NL134525D patent/NL134525C/xx active
  • NL NL287509D patent/NL287509A/xx unknown
• 1962
  • 1962-01-09 US US165244A patent/US3176021A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1963
  • 1963-01-04 NO NO147026A patent/NO118875B/no unknown
  • 1963-01-04 SE SE92/63A patent/SE309112B/xx unknown
  • 1963-01-08 DE DE19631569357 patent/DE1569357B2/de active Pending
  • 1963-01-08 GB GB881/63A patent/GB1010381A/en not_active Expired
  • 1963-01-09 CH CH21463A patent/CH423235A/de unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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