US3175120A - Collector comprising rings skewed to beam and increasing in diameter along beam - Google Patents

Collector comprising rings skewed to beam and increasing in diameter along beam Download PDF

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Publication number
US3175120A
US3175120A US87275A US8727561A US3175120A US 3175120 A US3175120 A US 3175120A US 87275 A US87275 A US 87275A US 8727561 A US8727561 A US 8727561A US 3175120 A US3175120 A US 3175120A
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collector
tube
axis
rings
electron
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US87275A
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English (en)
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Wendt Georg
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H01J23/0275—Multistage collectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electron discharge devices of the velocity modulation type, and more particularly relates to the collector electrode structure for the electrons forming part of such electronic tubes.
  • the collector electrode generally constituted by a cylinder or by a hollow metallic cone of which the capacity of thermal dissipation has a well-defined maximum value, for example, from 150 to 1000 Watts per centimeter square which cannot be exceeded.
  • the present invention has for its object a new collector structure and new dispositions which permit to eliminate in the tubes under consideration the shortcomings mentioned hereinabove. Consequently, the present invention aims at the realization of electron tubes of the velocity modulation type, such as klystrons or traveling wave tubes, of high or very high power, exceeding 100 kilowatts or attaining 1 megawatt or even more, which can be operated not only as pulsed tubes but also under continuous operation.
  • Another object of the present invention essentially consists in providing an electron collector which renders practically impossible the escape from its enclosure of reflected electrons and of those due to secondary emissions.
  • Still another object of the present invention resides in the provision of an electron discharge device of the type mentioned hereinabove in which the collector electrode is so constructed and arranged as to permit ready dissipation of the relatively large amount of heat generated therein as a result of operation thereof at extremely high power levels.
  • a further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an electrode arrangement for electron discharge devices of the type mentioned hereinabove in which any possible impairment of the proper and undisturbed operation of the tube at extremely high power levels is effectively precluded by controlling, in a novel manner, any reflected electrons, reflected from the collector electrode and/ or the behavior of secondary emission electrons.
  • a further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an electron discharge device of the type described hereinabove which lends itself readily to highpower continuous operation.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal axial cross sectional view of a first embodiment of an electron discharge device of the klystron type provided with a collector structure in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a longitudinal, axial cross sectional view of the tube illustrated in FIGURE 1 taken in a plane perpendicular to that of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the collector structure of FIGURES 1 and 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is an end elevational view illustrating one embodiment of a collector structure for use in the embodiment of FIGURES l, 2 and 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is a longitudinal cross sectional view through a modified embodiment of a collector structure in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is an enlarged, partial cross sectional view through a still further modified embodiment of a collector construction in accordance with the present invention.
  • the collector of a tube provided with an electron beam forms a metallic enclosure on the inside of which are established a magnetic field of decreasing intensity and an electrostatic decelerating field inclined with respect to the magnetic field, these two fields being, on the other hand, inclined along different planes with respect to the direction of propagation of the beam of electron stream on the inside of the tube.
  • the Collector structure forms a cone constituted by a series of metallic rings of increasing diameter in the direction of propagation of the electron beam and carried at decreasing voltages in the same direction with respect to the potential of the first one thereof, the axis of the cone subtending an acute angle with respect to the axis of the tube, and all of the rings or annular members being inclined with respect to the plane containing simultaneously the axis of the tube and the axis of the cone, while means are provided, on the other hand, to produce a static magnetic field, directed at least approximately along the axis of the cone, with an intensity that decreases in the direction of propagation of the electron beam.
  • the present invention in its general aspects, concerns all electron tubes of high power in which a strongly focused electron beam is directed toward an electron collector electrode, the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to a klystron type tube of high power, having four cavities illustrated in FIGURES l and 2 in cross section along two orthogonal planes passing through the axis of the tube, it being understood that such description with respect to a klystron type tube is only for purposes of illustration and not intended in any Way to limit the general aspects and universal applicabilities of the present invention to any other type of electron discharge device of the general type referred to hereinabove.
  • the tube illustrated therein includes an emissive cathode 1 providing an electron beam which traverses, on the inside of the cylindrical member 2, an interaction space composed of so-called drift spaces or tunnels, such as drift space 3, separated by resonant cavities 4.
  • the first one of these cavities 4, namely the one that is nearest to the cathode l, is coupled or operatively connected in any suitable manner with an input line 5 of any suitable construction whereas the last one of the cavities 4, namely the one farthest removed from the cathode 1, is operatively connected with an output Wave guide 6 of any suitable construction, the input and output of the U.H.F. electromagnetic energy taking place respectively in the direction of the arrows 7 and 8.
  • An electron collector is located at the end of the body or member 2 of the tube adjacent the output cavity 4 thereof.
  • the collector structure in accordance with the present invention which is illustrated in one embodiment thereof in FIGURES 1 and 2 in cross sectional view and in FIG- URE 3 in perspective view in which some parts are broken away for claritys sake, comprises a series of metallic rings or annular members 9 of increasing diameter in the direction of propagation of the electrons.
  • the rings or annular members 9 are so disposed that the axis 11 thereof, that is, the line passing through the centers thereof, subtends or forms an acute angle with the axis of the tube (FIGURE 2), all of the rings or annular members 9 being, on the other hand, inclined with respect to the plane containing the two axes 10 and 11.
  • a metallic plate 12 terminates the conical space formed by the rings 9.
  • the plate 12 is carried at a voltage essentially equal to that of the cathode 1 by means of a source of voltage 13 which places the cathode 1 at a strongly negative voltage with respect to the potential of the body 2 which
  • successive rings 9 are carried at intermediate potentials between the anode potential and the potential of the plate 12, these potentials having decreasing values from the first ring adjacent the high frequency output cavity which has tie highest potential, in the neighborhood of that of the anode potential,
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates more clearly how the successive rings 9 are connected between the and the terminal of the direct current voltage source 13.
  • the collector which includes the rings 9 and the terminal plate 12 is enclosed within an evacuated enclosure or vessel 14 of conical shape and made of insulating material or of non-magnetic metal such as, for example, copper, as indicated in FIGURES 1 and 2.
  • Coils 15 surround the body of the tube 2 in order to provide, according to any well known technique, a magnetic focusing field directed along the aXis of the tube.
  • coils or windings 15, connected in series and fed by direct current from a suitable direct current source are disposed about the conical portion 14.
  • the individual coils or windings 15' have decreasing numbers of turns, respectively, in the direction of propagation of the electron beam, and as all of the windings 15' connected in series are traversed by the same direct current, they produce a magnetic field of decreasing intensity in the direction of propagation of the beam, i.e., in the direction from left toward the right as viewed in FIGURES l and 2, directed essentially along the axis of the cone 14 and of the rings 9.
  • an axial magnetic field of decreasing intensity and an electrostatic decelerating field inclined with respect to the magnetic field are produced within the rings 9, these two fields being, on the other hand, inclined with respect to the direction of propagation of the beam within the inside of the interaction space.
  • the electrons are caused to move along helicoidal trajectories of increasing diameters on the inside of the collector structure and finish by impinging on the rings 9.
  • the precise place of impact of each electron depends on the direction and speed with which the same enters within the collector enclosure structure, and the beam thus spreads out over all of the internal surfaces of the rings 9 and of the plate 12.
  • the internal surfaces thereof may be provided with small paddles, inclined with respect to the radii of the rings 9, as indicated for example, in FIGURE 4 where these paddles are designated by reference numeral 16.
  • the rings 9 of the collector form a regular cone about a rectilinear axis, essentially equivalent results being obtainable also if the centers of the ring 9 are disposed along a curve.
  • the elements 9 of the collector need not necessarily have the shape indicated in FIGURES l to 3, another embodiment for the possible shape of these elements being illustrated in cross section in FIGURE 5 which illustrates perforated disks or washers of slight thickness.
  • paddles as illustrated in FIGURE 4, however, with this difference that such paddle-s would be disposed along the lateral surfaces of the disks with a certain inclination with respect to this surface.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates a modified embodiment in which the body 2 of the tube is terminated by a projecting portion 17, the first ring of the collector having a portion essentially parallel to this projection. This arrangement provides a very strong inclination of the electrostatic field over the magnetic field right from the passage of the beam of electrons from the tube to the collector.
  • a high power electron discharge device in which interchange of energy takes place between an electron flow and a high frequency electromagnetic wave within an interaction space having an axis, comprising means for emitting electrons, means within said tube to enable interchange of energy between the electron flow and the electromagnetic wave within said interaction space, means for propagating the electrons emitted by said first mentioned means through said interaction space in an essentially first direction, and collector electrode means for absorbing the electrons emitted by said first mentioned means including means providing electrostatic and magnetic fields to cause movement of the electrons along helicoidal trajectories of increasing diameter on the inside of said collector means and with the axis of at least one of said fields inclined with respect to said first direction.
  • an electron collector located at one extremity of the tube and comprising a number of metallic rings, spaced apart and bounding a collector space of increasing diameter start ing from the first ring adjacent said extremity of the tube, said collector space having an axis at an acuate angle with the axis of the interaction space, and all the rings being inclined with respect to the plane containing both the axis of the interaction space and the axis of the collector space, means for applying to said rings electrostatic potentials whose magnitudes decrease starting from said first ring, and means for establishing in said collector space a steady magnetic field substantially parallel to the axis thereof and having decreasing intensities therealong starting from said first ring.
  • an electron collector located at one extremity of the tube and com prising a number of metallic rings provided with small paddles inclined with respect to the radii of the rings, said rings being spaced apart and bounding a collector space of increasing diameter starting from the first ring adjacent said extremity of the tube, said collector space havin an axis at an acute angle with the axis of the interaction space, and all the rings being inclined with respect to the plane containing both the axis of the interaction space and the axis of the collector space, means for applying to said rings electrostatic potentials whose magnitudes decrease starting from said first ring, and means for establishing in said collector space a steady magnetic field substantially parallel to the axis thereof and having decreasing intensities therealong starting from said first ring.
  • a high power electron discharge device in which interchange of energy takes place between an electron flow and a high frequency electromagnetic wave, comprising means for producing an electron beam propagating in a predetermined direction, means within said tube effectively constituting an interaction space to enable interchange of energy between the electrons of said beam and the electromagnetic wave, and electrode means for absorbing the electrons emitted by said first mentioned means including means providing a decelerating electrostatic field and a magnetic field of decreasing intensities in said directicn of propagation with the axis of both of said fields inclined with respect to said predetermined direction of propa gation.
  • an electron collector located at one extremity of the tube and comprising a number of metallic rings of different size and a metal plate adjacent the largest ring, said rings being spaced apart and bounding a collector space of increasing diameter starting from the first ring adjacent said extremity of the tube, said collector space having an axis at an acute angle with the axis of the interaction space, and all the rings being inclined with respect to the plane containing both the axis of the interaction space and the axis of the collector space, means for applying to said rings electrostatic potentials whose magnitudes decrease star-ting from said first ring, and means for establishing in said collector space a steady magnetic field substan- '5 tially parallel to the axis thereof and having decreasing intensities therealong starting from said first ring.
  • an electron collector located at one extremity of the tube and comprising a number of metallic rings, spaced apart and bounding a collector space of increasing diameter starting from the first ring adjacent said extremity of the tube and an envelope of insulating material surrounding said rings, said collector space having an axis at an acute angle with the axis of the interaction space, and all the rings being inclined with respect to the plane containing both the axis of the interaction space and the axis of the collector space, means for applying to said rings electrostatic potentials whose magnitudes decrease starting from said first ring, and means for establishing in said collector space a steady magnetic field substantially parallel to the axis thereof and having decreasing intensities therealong starting from said first ring.
  • an electron collector located at one extremity of the tube and comprising a number of metallic rings, spaced apart and bounding a collector space of increasing diameter starting from the first ring adjacent said extremity of the tube and an envelope of non-magnetic material surrounding said rings, said collector space having an axis at an acute angle with the axis of the interaction space, and all the rings being incline-d With respect to the plane containing both the axis of the interaction space and the axis of the collector space, means for applying to said rings electrostatic potentials whose magnitudes decrease starting from said first ring, and means for establishing in said collector space a steady magnetic field substantially parallel to the axis thereof and having decreasing intensities there along starting from said first ring.
  • a high power tube of the velocity modulation type having a tube axis, an electron collector located near one end of the tube and comprising a number of approximately annularly shaped member-s defining therewithin a collector space, said collector space having an axis at an angle with respect to the axis of the tube, means for applying to said members potentials whose magnitudes decrease starting from the first member, and means for establishing in said collector space a magnetic field approximately parallel to the axis thereof and having decreasing intensities thereaiong starting from said first member.
  • a high power tube of the velocity modulation having an electron how, an electron collector located near one extremity of the tube and comprising a plurality of electron-absorptive members of curved configuration and defining a collector space of increasing cross sectional area in the direction toward said extremity, said collector space being efiectively non-parallel over at least a portion thereof with the electron fiow at the entry thereof into the collector space, means for establishing within said collector space a decelerating electrostatic field in said direction, means for establishing within said collector space a magnetic field having decreasing intensities approximately in said direction, and means including said members for effectively preventing interference in the operation of the tube by either electrons reflected within said collector space or electrons produced by secondary emission from el ctrons impinging on said members.

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US87275A 1960-02-25 1961-02-06 Collector comprising rings skewed to beam and increasing in diameter along beam Expired - Lifetime US3175120A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR819554A FR1257796A (fr) 1960-02-25 1960-02-25 Collecteur d'électrons pour tubes à modulation de vitesse de grande puissance

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3308323A (en) * 1961-05-25 1967-03-07 High Voltage Engineering Corp Inclined-field high-voltage vacuum tubes
US3366823A (en) * 1966-03-15 1968-01-30 Philips Corp Magnetically focussed beam electron discharge tube
US3505552A (en) * 1967-09-15 1970-04-07 Us Army High power,light weight electron tube
US3526805A (en) * 1967-04-27 1970-09-01 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Microwave electron tube device
US3702951A (en) * 1971-11-12 1972-11-14 Nasa Electrostatic collector for charged particles
US3764850A (en) * 1972-06-27 1973-10-09 Nasa Electron beam controller
US3930182A (en) * 1973-06-30 1975-12-30 Licentia Gmbh Traveling-wave tube having improved electron collector
US4398122A (en) * 1980-04-15 1983-08-09 Thomson-Csf Multistage depressed collector for microwave tube
FR2659492A1 (fr) * 1990-03-08 1991-09-13 Eev Ltd Appareil amplificateur a hautes frequences.

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL278693A (fr) * 1961-05-25

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2745983A (en) * 1949-06-10 1956-05-15 Csf Traveling wave tube
US2916664A (en) * 1954-12-06 1959-12-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron discharge device
US2955225A (en) * 1958-05-02 1960-10-04 Rca Corp Electron collector
US2984762A (en) * 1958-05-15 1961-05-16 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron beam tube and magnetic circuitry therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2745983A (en) * 1949-06-10 1956-05-15 Csf Traveling wave tube
US2916664A (en) * 1954-12-06 1959-12-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron discharge device
US2955225A (en) * 1958-05-02 1960-10-04 Rca Corp Electron collector
US2984762A (en) * 1958-05-15 1961-05-16 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron beam tube and magnetic circuitry therefor

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3308323A (en) * 1961-05-25 1967-03-07 High Voltage Engineering Corp Inclined-field high-voltage vacuum tubes
US3366823A (en) * 1966-03-15 1968-01-30 Philips Corp Magnetically focussed beam electron discharge tube
US3526805A (en) * 1967-04-27 1970-09-01 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Microwave electron tube device
US3505552A (en) * 1967-09-15 1970-04-07 Us Army High power,light weight electron tube
US3702951A (en) * 1971-11-12 1972-11-14 Nasa Electrostatic collector for charged particles
US3764850A (en) * 1972-06-27 1973-10-09 Nasa Electron beam controller
US3930182A (en) * 1973-06-30 1975-12-30 Licentia Gmbh Traveling-wave tube having improved electron collector
US4398122A (en) * 1980-04-15 1983-08-09 Thomson-Csf Multistage depressed collector for microwave tube
FR2659492A1 (fr) * 1990-03-08 1991-09-13 Eev Ltd Appareil amplificateur a hautes frequences.
US5283534A (en) * 1990-03-08 1994-02-01 Eev Limited High frequency amplifying apparatus with a collector which has a periodic amplitude variable longitudinal magnetic field therein

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FR1257796A (fr) 1961-04-07
GB909558A (en) 1962-10-31

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