US3173829A - Coating fibers dispersed in a gaseous carrier with a bonding agent and paper made therefrom - Google Patents

Coating fibers dispersed in a gaseous carrier with a bonding agent and paper made therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
US3173829A
US3173829A US62879A US6287960A US3173829A US 3173829 A US3173829 A US 3173829A US 62879 A US62879 A US 62879A US 6287960 A US6287960 A US 6287960A US 3173829 A US3173829 A US 3173829A
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Prior art keywords
fibers
bonding agent
paper
coating
agent
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US62879A
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English (en)
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Thier Richard
Ploetz Theodor
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Feldmuehle AG
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Feldmuehle AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F9/00—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F9/02—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper of the Fourdrinier type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
    • D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
    • D21H5/14—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of cellulose fibres only
    • D21H5/141—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of cellulose fibres only of fibrous cellulose derivatives
    • D21H5/143—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of cellulose fibres only of fibrous cellulose derivatives grafted or encapsulated cellulose

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of paper and paper-like products from fibrous raw materials, and more particularly to a process for manufacturing such products from precoated fibers.
  • Paper is largely made from cellulosic material, and this term will be understood to include not only relatively pure cellulose as represented, for example, by cotton linters, but materials which contain an appreciable percentage of impurities, such as mechanical or chemical wood pulp, and other raw materials of vegeta-bilic origin which largely consists of hemicellulose. Paper produced entirely from mechanical pulp lacks mechanical strength and is practically without utility. Even inexpensive grades of paper, such as newsprint, are therefore produced from a fibrous raw material in which approx-miately l() to 20 percent of a relatively pure cellulose are admixed to the wood pulp. Without such an admixture the strength of the paper would frequently not be adequate for permitting the sheet formed to be conveyed through the papermaking apparatus. The fibrils of the relatively pure cellulose interlock with other fibers to form a felt-like structure.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method of bonding fibers of a raw material into a continuous sheet wherein the fibers are individually coated with a substantially continuous coating of bonding agent.
  • a further object is the provision of a process which concentrates the bonding agent on the fiber surface and thus achieves maximum bonding effect with a minimum amount of bonding agent.
  • the process of the invention mainly consists in dispersing the fibers of the raw material in a gaseous carrier, forming a liquid coating of bonding agent on the dispersed fibers from a dispersion of a homogeneous liquid phase containing the agent'which is water insoluble; solidifying the bonding agent on the fibers while the latter are still dispersed in the carrier; and then making paper from the suspended fibers in any known manner, for example, 'by suspending the coated fibers in an aqueous medium from which the water is removed on a Fourdrinier screen or otherwise.
  • the sheet obtained is then bonded on the dry end of the paper machine itself or in a separate operation where the bonding agent is activated by. heat or pressure, or both.
  • sizing is added to cellulose fibers from which paper or paper-like products are to be manufactured before the fibers are suspended in an aqueous medium during a conventional paper-making process. It has been proposed to add water-insoluble waxy materials, such as paratfine, to the pulp after digestion, and preferably during dehydration by impregnation of the sheets of pulp. When the pulp is comminuted in the paper factory, the sizing remains in the fibers. It
  • the afore-mentioned known processes are intended to impr ve the ink resistance of the paper, that is, to reduce the absorptive properties of the paper to such an extent that it may be used for writing with ink.
  • the known methods fully succeed in this respect since the impregnant is made to penetrate the interior of the individual fibers so that mechanical comminution after impregnation does not destroy the effectiveness of the wax-like material although large new surface areas of relatively low impregnant concentration are formed.
  • the present invention also contemplates making paper and paper-like materials on substantially conventional paper making machinery from fibers which were previously loaded with addition agents.
  • a basic feature of this invention resides in the novel method of combining an addition agent which serves as a binder with the fibers in such a manner that the binder is concentrated on the surface of the fiber and covers the latter substantially completely.
  • the binder deposited in such a manner provides a firm bond between the individual fibers with a minimum quantity of addition agent.
  • the invention charges the fibrous raw material for paper manufacture while suspended in a gaseous medium with a binder which is insoluble in water, and which has been transformed into a liquid either by heating beyond its melting point or by dissolution in a suitable solvent.
  • the binder is transformed on the still suspended fibers by cooling or by evaporation of the solvent, or by both, into a state in which it has no adhesive properties and is not tacky whereupon the fibers are suspended in water in the usual manner prior to paper making.
  • the binder is temporarily plastified by heat, pressure, or both, and the fibers of the web are bonded to each other.
  • the binder adhere to the surface of the fibers and cover that surface over the largest possible area. It is preferred for this reason to employ fibers which are readily wetted by the liquid or liquefied binder. In the case of wood or cellulose fibers wettability is enhanced by predrying the fibers or by impregnating them so that the binder will form a thin coating over the greatest possible portion of the fiber surface.
  • the sizing In the conventional sizing process in which the sizing is precipitated from a joint suspension with pulp by means of acid the sizing also is deposited on the fiber sur face.
  • the precipitated particles retain their approximately spherical shape and make contact with the fiber surface in areas so small as to provide practically point contact between the fiber and the sizing particles which are held to the fiber surface by electrostatic attraction.
  • the coating produced is far from being continuous, and a substantially complete envelope cannot be achieved even with very large amounts of sizing deposited by precipitation.
  • the method of the invention is also basically different from a known felting process in which fibers coated with a liquid binder are collected on a support and bonded by the liquid and adhesive material into a felted body. It is essential for the process of the invention that the fibers loaded with a binder are made to loose their adhesiveness before they are collected so that they are obtained Patented Mar. 16, 1965.
  • . 3 1 in a loose condition so that they may be readily dispersed in an aqueous medium without disturbing their surfaces and the film of binder deposited thereon.
  • the binder particles remain firmly adhered to the fiber surface and cannot be removed with the excess water on the screen of the paper making machine.
  • the process of the invention has particular utility for the bonding of fibers which do not tend to'interlock to form a felt-like structure, or which interlock very weakly.
  • Products made from such fibers by the method of the invention owe their cohesive strength exclusively or pre dominantly to the binder.
  • the process of the invention thus permits making a paper the fibrous ingredients of which are essentially pure mechanical pulp without the usual addition of to of pure cellulose.
  • Such paper has adequate mechanical strength for newsprint.
  • the cost of the very small amount of binder sufficient for this purpose is only a fraction of the otherwise necessary expense for pure cellulose.
  • fibers coated with a binder by the process of the invention may be jointly dispersed in an aqueous medium with uncoated fibers, and that paper or paper-like products 'of good strength may be made from the mixture.
  • Example I As indicated in the flow diagram, mechanical wood pulp is pre-dried in a continuous oven and discharged into a bin where it is sprayed with a solvent mixture of equal volumes of benzene and ethyl acetate so as completely to wet the surfaces of the fibers. Wetting is facilitated b the immediately preceding drying operation.
  • the wetted fibers are blown from above into a closed coating chamber and a solution containing 50% butyl polyacrylate resin in a mixture of equal volumes of ben-,
  • z'ene and ethyl acetate is sprayed onto them at such a rate that equal weights of pulp and polyacrylate on a dry basis are fed during the same time to the chamber.
  • the polymer solution impinges on the fiber surfaces and spreads uniformly over them substantially without penetrating into the interior of the fibers.
  • the temperature of the polyacrylate solution is 5 0 C.'
  • the temperature of the air strearn is also somewhat above ambient temperature, approximately C.
  • the solvent mixture evaporates substantially completely, and the coating solidifies while the fibers are still separated from each other by air, and the fiber surfaces are no longer tacky when the fibers eventually collect in a heap on the chamber bottom.
  • the dry resin coated fibers are withdrawn from the chamber in loose form and are transferred to a vat for suspension in an aqueous medium in a conventional paper-making process.
  • the solvent bearing air discharged from the chamber is stripped of its solvent content in a condenser and a major portion of the solvent is reclaimed.
  • the coated particles are mixed in the vat with an equal weight of uncoated wood pulp and the slurry obtained is dried on a screen and finally between heated rollers at such a rate as .to produce a thin cardboard weighing 120 grams per square meter.
  • the temperature of the heated rollers is higher than the softening temperature of the butyl polyacrylate binder so that the coating on the fibers is activated by the heat and pressure to bond the coated fibers to each other and to the uncoated fibers admixed prior to paper-making proper.
  • the latter are preferably coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the mechanical properties of the cardboard produced are at least equal to those of a board obtained from the same mechanical pulp by conventional paper making methods with the addition of 20% of pure cellulose derived from wood. While the manufacture of cellulose from wood yields only 40 to 50% of the original weight of the wood as cellulose, the method of the invention makes use of the full weight of the wood from which the raw material is derived, and thus saves a natural resource the depletion of which has already become a matter of concern to economists. V
  • the paper board produced can readily be formed into permanent shapes by the application of heat and pressure which restore the'fluidity of the binder.
  • the flat product of the paper making machine may thus be transformed into seamless containers by hot drawing or pressing.
  • the material is also amenable to forming by processes more comrnonly associated with plastic sheet forming, such as vacuum molding. Upon cooling, the original rigidity of the board is restored.
  • the main field of application for the board produced by the process of this example is in packaging.
  • the fiat boand may be surfaced with a layer of paper or otherwise coated as in chrome imitation board-
  • the flat board or the threedimensional products shaped from it may be lacquered or otherwise coated to give them desired resis-tance properties for holding goods which attack card board.
  • Thermoplastic materials for the purpose of this process also include the A-stages of many thenmosetting resins such as phenOl fQrmaldehyde resins or meat-formaldehyde resins which are still soluble or fusible.
  • thenmosetting resins When thenmosetting resins are employed in the early stages of their condensation reaction, it is possible to harden the flat sheets obtained from the paper making machine, or the containers formed fromthe sheets by subsequentapplication of heat or of hardening agents.- 'l he shaped product will then be relatively immune to heat distortion.
  • coated fibers may be continuously withdrawn from the bottom of the coating chamber, and equipment for such continuous operation will readily suggest itself.
  • the fibers may be dropped on a bucket conveyor in the chamber which passes through the wall of the chamber in sealing engagement therewith, or they may be dropped into water forming a liquid seal at the chamber bottom, and be removed together with a portion of the Water.- If loss of solvent with the gaseous carrier is not animportant consideration, special precautions against escape of air from the coating chamber are not necessary.
  • the amount of resin to be mixed with the fibers in the coating chamber and the amount of untreated fibers to be mixed with the ICOELtd' fib6TS in the vat may be varied at will to achieve the desired mechanical properties. A reduction of the ratio of resin to fiber in the final product will in all events reduce mechanical strength.
  • Example II the fibers collected at the bottom. of the chamber consist to one half of cellulose and to one half of acetylcellulose.
  • the coated fibers are mixed with fine rayon fibers of 6 to 10 mm. length in equal amounts, and an aqueous suspension of the mixed fibers is fed to the paper making machine.
  • the bonding coating of acetylcellulose is softened or partially fused at the dry end of the paper machine and the fibers are bonded to each other.
  • the paper aboard produced is Well suited for packaging punposes, and particularly for the packaging of food because of its chemical intertness.
  • the bonding agent content of 25% is amply adequate to provide the required mechanical strength.
  • the board produced may be postformed in the manner described in Example I when the bonding agent is softened by soaking in a volatile plasticizer such as acetone which is again removed in its entirety by the application of heat after forming.
  • a volatile plasticizer such as acetone
  • Example III Mechanical wood pulp is coated by a thermoplastic bonding agent substantially in the manner described in Example I.
  • the coating treatment differs only in the use of a high electrical voltage for promoting deposition.
  • An electrostatic field of approximately 2,008 v./cm. is applied between the fibers and the particles of the dispersed bonding agent. The change of equal sign on the fibers keeps the fibers apart and makes them more readily accessible to the droplets of bonding agent.
  • the electrostatic charge also causes more uniform deposition of the bonding agent solution than could otherwise be obtained by the movement of the fibers and liquid droplets under their kinetic energy only.
  • the electrostatic field is not strong enough to interfere with movement of the fibers through the coating chamber.
  • Example IV Fibers of mechanical pulp are thoroughly dried and are then blown into the coating chamber by a stream of air the temperature of which is adjusted to keep the chamber temperature near 75 C.
  • Fused low pressure ethylene is simultaneously dispersed in the chamber from a nozzle located near the top of the chamber at one half of the rate of pulp supply.
  • the polyethylene is deposited on the fibers at a temperature sufficiently high to permit the individual particles to spread over the fiber surface, yet low enough to cause the coating to congeal and to loose its tackiness completely as the fibers collect at the bottom of the chamher from where they are removed in loose condition.
  • coated fibers may then be directly made into a fiber-board, or they may be mixed with uncoated pulp in the manner described in the preceding examples.
  • the fibers coated by the process of the invention dilfer in their structure from coated fibers prepared by immersion in solutions of bonding agents or by treatments of any kind with suspensions of insoluble bonding agents in aqueous media. It is virtually impossible to control the distribution in depth of a bonding agent which is ap plied to loose fibers by immersion. The solution rapidly penetrates to a depth greater than is necessary for optimum bonding. In a bulk treatment of fibers, penetration cannot be readily controlled by shortening the time of immersion without risking incomplete coverage of a portion of the charge and grossly uneven coatings. Immersion methods thus are inherently wasteful of bonding agent.
  • Aqueous dispersions deposit the bonding agent in the form of small, substantially spherical particles which retain their discrete shapes even after they attach themselves to a fiber.
  • the bond produced by such particles is limited to small areas, almost to points.
  • the mechanical strength resulting is inferior to that produced by equal amounts of the same bonding agent applied by the method of this invention.
  • Predrying of the fibers, impregnation of the fiber surface, or both improve the wetting and lateral spreading of the bonding agent on the fibers.
  • the bonding agent is applied in solution, the solvent employed or another solvent miscible therewith is preferred as the impregnant.
  • the method of the invention is capable of modifica tion in any manner known to the art of paper making and to related fields such as the manufacture of felt and non-woven fabrics, and the substitution of other known devices for the conventional paper making apparatus mentioned for the purposes of illustration is fully contemplated, and may obviously be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter defined by the appended claims.
  • a process for the manufacture of paper and paperlike products from a fibrous raw material comprising the steps of dispersing solid fibers of a raw material in a gaseous carrier; feeding the dispersion formed to a treating zone; dispersing homogeneous liquid droplets of a bonding agent insoluble in water in said treating zone; depositing said droplets of bonding agent on said fibers in said treating zone to form a liquid coating of said agent on said fibers; solidifying said coating on the fibers while the same are dispersed in said carrier until said bonding agent is substantially deactivated; precipitating the coated fibers carrying the solidified agent from the carrier; suspending the precipitated fibers in an aqueous medium; spreading the resulting suspension on a support; substantially removing the aqueous medium from the spread suspension to form a fiber sheet; and activating said bond ing agent to bond the fibers of said sheet to each other.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
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US62879A 1959-10-21 1960-10-17 Coating fibers dispersed in a gaseous carrier with a bonding agent and paper made therefrom Expired - Lifetime US3173829A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF29665A DE1120858B (de) 1959-10-21 1959-10-21 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Papier bzw. papieraehnlichen Bahnen aus waesserigen Faserstoffdispersionen

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US (1) US3173829A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH381964A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1120858B (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1313731A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB958254A (en, 2012)
LU (1) LU39299A1 (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL257120A (en, 2012)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219476A (en) * 1963-07-10 1965-11-23 Stanford Research Inst Method of encapsulation of aerosols by in situ polymerization
US3325345A (en) * 1966-02-21 1967-06-13 Owens Illinois Inc Process of forming water-laid products from cellulosic pulp containing polymeric thermoplastic particles
US3511750A (en) * 1965-10-20 1970-05-12 Owens Illinois Inc Laminates including pulp-thermoplastic boards
US3819470A (en) * 1971-06-18 1974-06-25 Scott Paper Co Modified cellulosic fibers and method for preparation thereof
EP0187031A1 (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-07-09 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for preparing paperlike products from fibers treated with polymer
US5865953A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-02-02 Merrimac Paper Company, Inc. Paper for corrugating medium

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1326287A (en) * 1919-12-30 X m method of making forms and containers from fibrous substances
US1889642A (en) * 1931-01-22 1932-11-29 George F Davis Sized fibrous product and method of and apparatus for producing the same
US1970426A (en) * 1930-01-22 1934-08-14 Paten And Licensing Corp Paper making process
US1996082A (en) * 1931-08-26 1935-04-02 Johns Manville Mineral wool product and method of making same
US2077720A (en) * 1935-05-28 1937-04-20 Johns Manville Felted product and method of making the same
US2686141A (en) * 1951-06-29 1954-08-10 Keyes Fibre Co Preparation of resin-bearing fibrous pulp
US2737179A (en) * 1951-06-08 1956-03-06 Wood Conversion Co Wettable fiber felt
US2772157A (en) * 1953-03-16 1956-11-27 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Production of mixed fibrous sheet material
US3013525A (en) * 1957-04-10 1961-12-19 Du Pont Apparatus for spraying liquid onto fibers
US3035525A (en) * 1959-12-17 1962-05-22 Waler J Clements Pump

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1336402A (en) * 1920-04-06 Tories
NL38055C (en, 2012) * 1932-04-22
US2047170A (en) * 1933-02-06 1936-07-14 Defibrator Ab Treatment of fibrous material
US2202717A (en) * 1936-03-20 1940-05-28 Pattilloch Processes Inc Process of making paper

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1326287A (en) * 1919-12-30 X m method of making forms and containers from fibrous substances
US1970426A (en) * 1930-01-22 1934-08-14 Paten And Licensing Corp Paper making process
US1889642A (en) * 1931-01-22 1932-11-29 George F Davis Sized fibrous product and method of and apparatus for producing the same
US1996082A (en) * 1931-08-26 1935-04-02 Johns Manville Mineral wool product and method of making same
US2077720A (en) * 1935-05-28 1937-04-20 Johns Manville Felted product and method of making the same
US2737179A (en) * 1951-06-08 1956-03-06 Wood Conversion Co Wettable fiber felt
US2686141A (en) * 1951-06-29 1954-08-10 Keyes Fibre Co Preparation of resin-bearing fibrous pulp
US2772157A (en) * 1953-03-16 1956-11-27 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Production of mixed fibrous sheet material
US3013525A (en) * 1957-04-10 1961-12-19 Du Pont Apparatus for spraying liquid onto fibers
US3035525A (en) * 1959-12-17 1962-05-22 Waler J Clements Pump

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219476A (en) * 1963-07-10 1965-11-23 Stanford Research Inst Method of encapsulation of aerosols by in situ polymerization
US3511750A (en) * 1965-10-20 1970-05-12 Owens Illinois Inc Laminates including pulp-thermoplastic boards
US3325345A (en) * 1966-02-21 1967-06-13 Owens Illinois Inc Process of forming water-laid products from cellulosic pulp containing polymeric thermoplastic particles
US3819470A (en) * 1971-06-18 1974-06-25 Scott Paper Co Modified cellulosic fibers and method for preparation thereof
EP0187031A1 (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-07-09 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for preparing paperlike products from fibers treated with polymer
US4615689A (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-10-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for preparing paperlike products from fibers threaded with polymer
US5865953A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-02-02 Merrimac Paper Company, Inc. Paper for corrugating medium

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Publication number Publication date
LU39299A1 (en, 2012) 1961-10-18
GB958254A (en) 1964-05-21
CH381964A (de) 1964-09-15
FR1313731A (fr) 1963-01-04
DE1120858B (de) 1961-12-28
NL257120A (en, 2012)

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