US3167700A - Multi-speed pole-change arrangement - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 26, 1965 G. A. NEYHOUSE 3,167,700 MULTI-SPEED POLE-CHANGE ARRANGEMENT Fi led Aug. 27, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

George? A. Nay/louse Fly. 2 BY His Aflar ney Jan. 26, 1965 G. A. NEYHOUSE MULTISPEED POLE-CHANGE ARRANGEMENT Filed Aug. 27 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 TURNS wmoms I 2 3 4 5 GAUGE Secondary modified 6po|e main winding means 20 6o 35 35 6O #23 First 4pole main 26 3o 38 *wi winding means 4 pole phase winding means I8 22 32 #26 INVENTOR.

George A. Nay/rouse His Afro/ nay United States Patent 3,167 700 MULTI-SPEED POLE-CHANGE ARRANGEMENT George A. Neyhouse, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 27, 1962, Ser. No. 219,508 6 Claims. (Cl. 318-224) This invention relates to multi-speed devices and, more particularly, to winding arrangement connectable to effect change of electrical poles while permitting a saving of conductor material and facilitating stator core slot fill.

An object of this invention is to provide a new and improved winding arrangement in which multi-speed operation is obtained due to pole-changing connections though facilitating stator core slot fill of conductor material into a substantially unbalanced though workable distribution of material in which one main winding means has at least one portion thereof used only during one speed of operation and a remaining winding portion is shared for difiering speeds of operationv Another object of this invention is to provide a multispeed motor winding arrangement energizable from a power source and including a phase winding means as well as a pair of main winding means of which one has a center tap connection to permit use of only two electrical poles thereof in series with either a remainder thereof as well as in series with the other main winding means incomplete per se though complementary in arrangement for formation of a greater number of electrical poles differing from a total obtainable by use of the tapped main winding means per se.

A further object of this invention is to provide an economical arrangement of four and six poles of winding arrangement fitted to a slotted stator core to include a phase winding means and a four-pole main winding means center tapped such that only two electrical poles thereof become series-connected to an additional main winding means of modified electrical poles thereby to total six electrical poles for multi-speed operation at four and six pole connection free of any current bucking and so-called consequent pole operation while utilizing conductor turns having predetermined polarity as to predetermined stator slot locations to provide four and six pole arrangement workable though distribution of conductor turns is essentially abnormal and even unbalanced physically.

Another object of this invention is to provide a slotted magnetic stator core easily filled to substantially 70% of slot area and less with a material saving of conductor turns to assure additive positive and negative polarities forming four as well as six electrical poles though only a pair of main winding means each share use of two electrical poles of one of the main winding means having a tap connection between ends thereof such that electrically the poles become additive to the shared poles for formation of a generally physically unbalanced and unevenly distributed winding arrangement acceptable for multi-speed operation.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein preferred embodiments of the present invention are clearly shown.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a circuit connection diagram to illustrate features in accordance with the present invention.

FIGURE 2 is a side elevational view of a stator and coil assembly having features for use in accordance with the diagram of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 3 illustrates specific coils of a modified sixpole main winding means installed in the assembly of FIGURE 2 for use in accordance with the present invention.

3,167,706 Patented Jan. 26, 1965 FIGURE 4 is a chart to illustrate difiering numbers of turns of various wire sizes to provide the four-pole main winding means and four-pole phase winding means indicated in FIGURE 2 as well as the modified six-pole main winding means shown both in FIGURES 2 and 3 for use in accordance with the present invention.

FIGURE 5 is another chart to illustrate as to predetermined slot locations which polarities, coil placement, as well as slot fill factors are available for a sample fractional horsepower multi-speed motor means having features in accordance with the present invention.

In FIGURE 1 there is a circuit connection diagram showing a power source generally indicated by numeral 10 to supply electrical energy to conductors or leads 11 and 12. A switch arm 14 movable to a four-pole juncture 15 and a six-pole juncture 16 can be provided at one end of the lead 12 such that electrical energization can be supplied either to energize a motor means for four-pole or six-pole operation. It is to be understood that the principles of the present invention can be applied to multispeed machines having other than four and six pole winding configurations though for purposes of illustration reference is made in this disclosure to a four and six pole winding arrangement.

Electrical energy is supplied to a motor means generally indicated by numeral 20 outlined in FIGURE 1 and having further switching means therewith which can be built into the motor means having a frame or housing in a well-known manner. Reference can be made to Patents 2,l82,977-Werner; 2,518,584Werner; 2,623,- 979 Shewmon; 2,624,814 Shewmon; 2,747,854 Schnepf; and 2,762,900Shewmon all belonging to the assignee of the present invention and disclosing various switching means suitable for use within the motor means 20 to provide a normally closed centrifugal switch contact portion 21 as well as further contact portions 22 and 23 indicated in the view of FIGURE 1. The centrifugal switch portion 21 operates in a well-known manner such as disclosed by the foregoing patents and serves to establish electrical connection for energization of a phase winding means 24 indicated in FIGURE 1 and fitted to predetermined slots numbered 1 through 32 inclusive in locations as shown in FIGURE 2. Each electrical pole of the phase Winding means 24 can include triple concentric coils having differing number of turns of wire gauge #26 for example, as indicated in a chart of FIGURE 4 setting forth, for example, 18 turns of such wire gauge for a first concentric coil, 22 turns of such wire gauge for a second concentric coil and 32 turns of such gauge wire for a third concentric coil. Similarly, the four-pole main winding also includes triple concentric coil elements fitted to slots arbitrarily numbered 1 through 32 and indicated in FIG- URE 2. The four-pole main winding means in an example given by a chart of FIGURE 4 includes a first coil or element having 26 turns of #l9 /z wire gauge, a second coil having 30 turns of the same wire gauge and a third coil having 38 turns of the same wire gauge for each of four electrical poles formed thereby. It is to be understood that the four-pole phase winding means and fourpole main winding means are fitted substantially evenly into the predetermined slots such that the four-pole main winding means is located radially outwardly and the fourpole phase winding is located radially inwardly.

Each electrical pole of such a four-pole main winding means can be seen in FIGURE 2 and a numeral 25 in FIGURE 1 represents collectively a portion or pair of electrical poles of the four-pole main winding means used both for four and six pole operation. A remaining pair of concentric coil elements designated collectively by a numeral 26 are to be utilized only for four-pole operation when the switch arm 14 is moved to a position to interconnect the lead line 12 and a juncture 15 by way of the switch arm 14. It is to be understood that switch portion 22 is normally closed such that normally open switch portion 23 does not effect a connection for energization of a separate modified six-pole main winding means generally indicated by numeral 3% in FIGURE 1. The motor means 20 is adapted to start and run initially as atomole machine. The centrifugal switch means 21 "remains closed for energization and power supply to the phase winding means 24 until a predetermined speed is attained to effect opening of the switch means 21 and continued running operation, for example, as a split phase four-pole motor. A change to position switch arm 14 for interconnection of the lead line 12 to a juncture 16 can effect opening of switch portion 22 and closing of switch portion 23 in a suitable manner such that a portion 26 of the four-pole main winding means becomes disconnected and is no longer used though the switch portion 23 establishes connection to the modified six-pole main winding means 30 joined at one end to the switch portion 23 at an opposite end to a tap connection T at a location in between remote or opposite ends of the portions 25 and 26 of the four-pole main winding means.

I FIGURES 2 and 3 illustrate in further detail features of the modified six-pole main winding means generally indicated by numeral 39. It is to be understood that the pair of main winding means as well as the phase winding means can be fitted to a magnetic core C indicated in FIGURE 2 having a plurality of slots S open radially inwardly and arbitrarily numbered 1 through 32 as noted earlier. The modified six-pole main winding means generally indicated by numeral 30 actually includes only a total of ten coil elements as shownin FIGURE 3 though eight of these ten elements are wound concentrically relative to each other in predetermined pairs of slots such that a single coil element at each of opposite ends of the series is utilized alone to form separate though considerably weaker electrical poles per se so far as the six-pole main winding means as modified is concerned. Thus, with reference to FIGURES 2 and 3, it is to be noted that a pair of coils designated 30 (#1) are fitted into a location to have opposite ends in slots 20-23 and 26-29, respectively, as can be best seen in FIGURE 2. Similarly, concentric coils 30 (#2 and #3) will be located to have larger concentric outer coils spanning slots 14-20 and 29-3 while inner concentric coils thereof span slots 15-19 as well as 30-2 as can be best seen in the view of FIG- URE 2. Finally, a concentric grouping of coils designated 3t) (#4 and #5) will be fitted to have outer concentric coils spanning a distance between slots 3-8 and 9-14 while inner concentric coils span a distance between slots 4-7 and 10-13 as indicated in FIGURE 2. All of these coils, in elfect symmetrical to each other in a plane or imaginary division through teeth between slots 8-9 and 24-25, is realized though each of the coils is series connected to the other as indicated in FIGURE 3. Thus, the modified six-pole main winding means 3t) generally when taken per se, is physically unbalanced and unevenly distributed but when energized through the center tap connection T to be in series with a shared portion 25 of the four-pole main winding means there is sufilcient strength added for formation electrically of complete poles particularly for the coils designated 30 (#1) which become energized in series with the shared portion 25 of two sets of triple concentric coil portions of the four-pole main winding portion or means having the tap connection T thereto as indicated earlier. It has been found that electrical polarities of the shared portion 25 of the four-pole main winding means is such as to be complementary to form proper and relatively even strengths of predetermined polarity of six electrical poles though physically such six electrical poles are incomplete so far as the modified six-pole main winding means 30 is concerned.

An overload protector means 38 can be provided in series with the line 11 and can be fitted to end turns between the four-pole main and phase winding means particularly in a location where conductor material is less heavily concentrated due to reduced filling of the slots in a quadrant substantially between slots 22 and 27 as shown in FIGURE 2/ There is a saving of conductor material required for the modified six-pole main winding means 39 due to the fact that at least four coil elements are eliminated though electrically such weakened electrical poles of the modified six-pole winding means are complemented by tapping to an intermediate location of the four-pole main winding means as noted.

The chart of FIGURE 4 provides an example of the number of turns of various wire sizes provided for fourpole phasewinding means, four-pole main winding means and six-pole modified main winding means adapted for use with a magnetic core C formed of a stacking of slotted laminations to a thickness of substantially one and threefourths inches. The example of the number of turns for the various winding means as given in FIGURE 4, for example, can provide-for a fractional horsepower motor means such as one-fourth horsepower having features in accordance with the present invention. It is to be noted that a well-known cast metal or so-called squirrel case armature or rotor means designated by a reference R in FIGURE 1 can be provided and journalled relative to the frame or housing of the motor means 20.

It is to be noted that the slots S of the magnetic core C can have difiering radial depth and/ or width such that slot area in square inches available for filling with conductor material varies though is maintained to a value of only filling or less due to use of the modified six-pole main winding means 30 as indicated.

FIGURE 5 is another chart to illustrate for a thirty-two slot magnetic stator core, differing polarities obtained in differing locations of a four-pole main winding means generally indicated by numeral 40 and including electrical poles formed by triple concentric coils each of 25 turns, 28 turns and 30 turns, respectively, of #l8 /2 wire gauge such that the coils are series connected subject to a center tap 41 permitting use of poles A and B, for example, in series with a six-pole main modified winding means generally indicated by numeral 42 in the chart of FIG- URE 5. It is to be noted that the four-pole main winding means includes electrical poles designated by letters A and B as well as by letters C and D. It is also indicated in the chart of FIGURE 5 that the six pole modified main winding means of this embodiment includes turns as marked for pairs of concentric coils including one pair of concentric coils having 42 and 45 turns, respectively, as well as another pair of concentric coils having 48 and 42 turns, respectively, located to span predetermined slots as indicated.

The chart of FIGURE 5 also illustrates slot placement of triple concentric coils of a four-pole phase winding means generally indicated by numeral 44. Values calculated for purposes of illustration designate slot fill factors for four-pole main winding means, six-pole main winding means as well as four-pole phase winding means in square inches of area. A summation or total of slot fill factors is also given in the chart of FIGURE 5 and sample calculation for percentage filling of area is given for slots 13 and 30, for example. For slot 13 a filling of 65.7% of the area of the slot was encountered and for slot 30 which has the highest total slot fill factor in square inches there is a maximum of substantially 70% slot fill. A basic advantage realized by use of the modified six-pole main winding means is the fact that there is an appreciable savings in conductor material due to the fact that actually the modified six-pole main winding means does not have six complete electrical poles per se, but rather, shares conducting material due to tap-in connection to the other or remaining main winding means a portion of which is used for both four and six pole operation; Thus, in elfect, there is provided a circut connection alfording use of two of six poles which do not appear physically complete so far as the modified six pole main winding means is concerned. There is no need for reversing a connection and establishing a bucking of electrical currents as known previously and involving no consequent pole operation since actually onehalf or at least a portion of one of the main winding means is left out completely while the remaining portion or half thereof is utilized with a modified main winding means which can be more readily fitted to limited slot area due to requiring less conductor material therewith. It was found that in certain coils or elements particularly along inside stages of concentrically wound four-pole main winding means there are occurrences of identical polarities for both four and six pole operation such that at least two coils of one pole are duplicated at least electrically and thus can be eliminated physically though electrically they can be energized to be complementary to each other so far as the pair of main winding means is concerned. Physically there is what amounts to an abnormal and an unbalanced distribution of conducting material of the main Winding means while as an end result there are four and six pole electrical distributions for practicable operation of a multi-speed motor means in accordance with the present invention. In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to use less conducting material though realizing multi-speed operation commensurate with that previously requiring more space and expenditure for component assembly. Portions of any two windings not used concurrently can complement each other and thus even phase and six-pole main winding means could be interconnected to use a common portion during starting and six-pole running operation.

While the embodiments of the present invention as herein disclosed constitute preferred forms, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. A winding arrangement fitted into a slotted magnetic core, comprising, a first main winding means fitted substantially evenly into radially outer locations of said slotted magnetic core to provide a predetermined number of electrical poles between opposite ends thereof, a phase winding means fitted to said slotted core in a location radially inwardly of said first main winding means, a secondary modified main winding means fitted into radially inner locations of said slotted magnetic core and including series connected coils at least in part permitting material saving in said secondary winding means unevenly distributed therewith for less than full electrical pole designations per se, and a tap juncture that permits splitting away needed electrical poles in said first winding means connected to one end of said secondary modified main winding means, said first and second winding means thus complementing each other for operation with a greater number of electrical poles than for said first winding means alone.

2. The arrangement of claim 1 wherein said first main winding means includes concentric coil portions that form a total of four electrical poles, said phase winding means also having concentric coil portions offset in angular psitioning from those of said first main winding means though defining an identical number of electrical poles, said secondary modified main winding means having at least four electrical poles defined thereby and connected in series to said tap juncture with two electrical poles of said first main winding means being shared for both four and six-pole connection thereby to reduce conductor material required and to facilitate magnetic core slot fill.

3. The arrangement of claim 1 wherein said first main winding means includes concentric coil portions that form a total of four electrical poles, said phase winding means also having concentric coil portions offset in angular positioning from those of said first main Winding means though defining an identical number of electrical poles, said secondary modified main winding means having only a total of ten coils of which eight are paired off to form four electrical poles plus an incomplete pair of electrical poles augmented by two electrical poles of said first main winding means due to center tap connection thereto at said juncture.

4. The arrangement of claim 1 wherein said first main winding means is divided into equal portions by said tap juncture and one of said portions thereof is cumulative with said secondary modified main winding means to complement each other during one running speed of operation, said phase and main winding means totally having conductor material to result in filling of slot fill area up to only substantially full.

5. For use with switching means including an external selector for four and six pole supply of energy from a power source to a multi-speed motor means having a rotor and centrifugal switch portion as well as a pair of internal switch portions therewith, a stator and coil assembly comprising, a magnetic core having at least thirtytwo radially inwardly extending slots therein, a phase as well as a first main winding means angularly displaced from each other though both having four electrical poles defined thereby, a secondary modified main winding means of uneven distribution including a plurality of coils connected in series, and a center tap juncture to said first main winding means of which one part is shared for both four and six pole operation, said phase winding means having said centrifugal switch portion in series and one each of said pair of internal switch portions being in series with said first and said secondary modified main Winding means, said secondary modified main winding means though uneven in distribution having five coil portions in each of opposite semi-annular portions of said magnetic core.

6. A multi-speed Winding arrangement fitted into a slotted magnetic core, comprising, a complete main winding means fitted substantially uniformly into predetermined locations of said slotted magnetic core to provide positively a predetermined number of electrical poles between opposite ends thereof, phase winding means also fitted to said slotted core in a location adjacent to said complete main winding means, further main winding means modified and incomplete per so as to formation of positive predetermined number of electrical poles though also fitted in predetermined magnetic slot locations and including series connected coils at least in part permitting material saving in said further Winding means distinguishable from said complete main winding means due to need for only supplemental less than full uniform distribution, and a tap juncture for split away of needed electrical poles of only some of said complete main winding means connected to ending of said further main winding means modified and incomplete per se, said complete main winding means and said further main winding means modified and incomplete per se thus being complementary due to connection at said tap junction for operation with specifically greater number of electrical poles than for only said complete main winding means alone.

No references cited.

Claims (2)

1. A WINDING ARRANGEMENT FITTED INTO A SLOTTED MAGNETIC CORE, COMPRISING, A FIRST MAIN WINDING MEANS FITTED SUBSTANTIALLY EVENLY INTO RADIALLY OUTER LOCATIONS OF SAID SLOTTED MAGNETIC CORE TO PROVIDE A PREDETERMINED NUMBER OF ELECTRICAL POLES BETWEEN OPPOSITE ENDS THEREOF, A PHASE WINDING MEANS FITTED TO SAID SLOTTED CORE IN A LOCATION RADIALLY INWARDLY OF SAID FIRST MAIN WINDING MEANS, A SECONDARY MODIFIED MAIN WINDING MEAND FITTED INTO RADIALLY INNER LOCATIONS OF SAID SLOTTED MAGNETIC CORE AND INCLUDING SERIES CONNECTED COILS AT LEAST IN PART PERMITTING MATERIAL SAVING IN SAID SECONDARY WINDING MEANS UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED THEREWITH FOR LESS THAN FULL ELECTRICAL POLE DESIGNATION PER SE, AND A TAPE JUNCTURE THAT PERMITS SPLITING AWAY NEEDED ELECTRICAL POLES IN SAID FIRST WINDING MEANS CONNECTED TO ONE END OF SAID SECONDARY MODIFIED MAIN WINDING MEANS, SAID FIRST AND SECOND WINDING MEANS THUS COMPLEMENTING EACH OTHER FOR OPERATION WITH A GREATER NUMBER OF ELECTRICAL POLES THAN FOR SAID FIRST WINDING MEANS ALONE.

2. THE ARRANGEMENT OF CLAIM 1 WHEREIN SAID FIRST MAIN WINDING MEANS INCLUDES CONCENTRIC COIL PORTIONS THAT FROM A TOTAL OF FOUR ELECTRICAL POLES, SAID PHASE WINDING MEANS ALSO HAVING CONCENTRIC COIL PORTIONS OFFSET IN ANGULAR POSITIONING FROM THOSE OF SAID FIRST MAIN WINDING MEANS THROUGH DEFINING AN IDENTICAL NUMBER OF ELECTRICAL POLES, SAID SECONDARY MODIFIED MAIN WINDING MEANS HAVING AT LEAST FOUR ELECTRICAL POLES DEFINED THEREBY AND CONNECTED IN SERIES TO SAID TAP JUNCTURE WITH TWO ELECTRICAL POLES OF SAID FIRST MAIN WINDING MEANS BEING SHARED FOR BOTH FOUR AND SIX-POLE CONNECTION THEREBY TO REDUCE CONDUCTOR MATERIAL REQUIRED AND TO FACILITATE MAGNETIC CORE SLOT FILL.

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