US3167308A - Springs and strip steel - Google Patents
Springs and strip steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3167308A US3167308A US198062A US19806262A US3167308A US 3167308 A US3167308 A US 3167308A US 198062 A US198062 A US 198062A US 19806262 A US19806262 A US 19806262A US 3167308 A US3167308 A US 3167308A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- spring
- springs
- teflon
- inch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- IRYJRGCIQBGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethadione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C1=O IRYJRGCIQBGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/10—Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
- G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
- G04B1/14—Mainsprings; Bridles therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
- G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
- G04B1/14—Mainsprings; Bridles therefor
- G04B1/145—Composition and manufacture of the springs
Definitions
- This invention relates to springs of the spiral type, such as main springs for watches and clocks. More in particular, the invention relates to such springs of the type wherein the delivery of power may be subject to variations because of friction between the contacting surfaces of the adjacent turns.
- springs of the above type made of steel or other metallic alloys in flat strip form
- difliculty has been encountered because of relatively wide variations in the power or working force of the springs.
- Such variations result from the effects of friction between the contacting surfaces of adjacent turns or coils of a spring. That is, when a spring of this type is being wound or is unwinding the adjacent coils or turns rub against each other and friction between the moving surfaces tends to cause uneven relative movement. This is particularly true when a spring starts to unwind from its fully wound position, wherein the turns or coils are somewhat tight against each other.
- An object of this invention is to provide improved springs, such as, the main springs for watches and clocks, spiral power springs and instrument springs.
- a further object is to provide an improved spring structure.
- a further object is to provide improved coatings for reducing the friction between surfaces as discussed above.
- Another object is to provide an improved mode of applying coatings of the above character.
- Another object is to apply an improved protective structure upon a strip of spring steel or the like.
- FIGURE 1 is a view of a spring constituting one embodiment of the invention
- FIGURE 2 is a greatly enlarged sectional view of two adjacent coils or turns on the line 22 of FIGURE 1;
- FIGURES 3 and 4 are sectional views similar to FIG- URE 2, but showing other embodiments of the invention.
- FIGURE 5 is a somewhat schematic view showing one mode of coating the strip steel in accordance with the invention.
- a spring is tightly wound upon a spindle 4 within a barrel 6.
- Spring 1 is formed of a strip 2 of steel which is rectangular in cross-section, and, in FIGURE 2, the two turns or coils of the spring represented are designated 2a and 2b, respectively.
- Tightly fused to the top surface 8 of strip 2 is a continuous strip 10 of Teflon, and a similar strip 12 as to present convex surfaces.
- Teflon is a trademark identifying a brand of polytetrafluoroethane, which is of the polyhalogenoalkene group, and is a polyfluorocarbon.
- the invention contemplates that a polyhalogenoethene or polychlorotrifluoroethene may be used.
- an identical spring is provided with strips 20 and 22 which are crowned so This reduces the width of the contact area very materially and permits great leeway in the attitude or relative parallel relationship between the adjacent turns.
- the spring is of the cross-curved type having one concave and convex face.
- the Teflon strips 24 and 26 are of the type of strips 10 and 12.
- the strips of spring steel from which the springs of FIGURES l to 4 are formed are produced and processed as in the manufacture of springs without the Teflon coating.
- the coating operation is performed by drawing the continuous strip over a roll 30, down into a body of liquid 32 which is a solution containing small particles of Teflon dispersed in water, around a roll 34, and thence vertically from the body of the liquid and up through a vertical drying and curing oven 36.
- strip 2 moves upwardly from the body of liquid, a quantity of the liquid is carried by the surfaces of the strip.
- the drying and curing oven 36 is a vertical tunnel having heating elements along its side walls so as to subject the upwardly moving strip and the liquid to rather intense heat. This causes the water to evaporate from the liquid so that it rapidly becomes a highly concentrated Teflon solution. As the solution becomes more concentrated and the cross-sectional area of each stream is reduced, it tends to draw together at the center of the side face of the strip. This drawing together results from the actions of cohesion and surface tension with respect to the solution and the adhesion of the solution to the surface of the strip. Hence, at the zone in the oven where the water has been evaporated, there remains a layer of Teflon at the center of each side face of the strip.
- the further heating fuses the particles of Teflon together and also fuses the Teflon to the strip.
- the resulting product is the strip of metal having two continuous ribs or strips of Teflon fused to the centers of its side faces. Due to the flowing of the solution from the edges of the strip, the completed product may have little or no Teflon coating at the edge portions of the strip. When strip 2 is narrow as in the draw-- ings, the edge portions constitute-a substantial percentage of the strip. However, for strips of greater width, the
- the Teflon deposit. or coating strips may have crowned or convex surfaces as r f .in FIGURE 3,01: it may have flat s'urfaces as in FIG- URES 1 and 2. This characteristic is controlled by reguw into consideration the following: (1): the width of the metal strip, (2) theconccntrationor relative amount of 1 Teflon dispersed in the solution, ;(3) the speed. of move-.,-
- the solution has been referred toasa dispersion of V Teflon particles in water, but it, also includesja wetting I agent so as to insure rapid and thorough-wetting of'the metal surfaces ⁇ .
- the solution is subjected to agitation to maintain a uniformdispersionwithoutcausing objeciionable surface agitation asmight interfere with the desired coating of liquid on thestrip as it moves upwardly.
- the a uniform rate of movement of the strip, vertically com ⁇ bined with the maintenance of other uniform conditions,- insures uniform coatings upon the two side faces of the I strip. 7
- the stainless spring steel from strip 2 contains the following .07 to 20% carbon, not more than ;-1% nitrogen; 14 to 20% chrom-p ium; 7 to 12% nickel; .2 to 2% silicon; .4 to 2% manganese; notmore than-4% molybdenum; not more than 10% cobalt; and, the remainder,iron with the normally v -40 springsfrom strip 2 the I occurring impurities.
- theinvention in general, theinvention 'contemplatesthat'the thickness of eachTeflon coating shall be of the order of from parallel side faces and rounded edges and which includes as'illustrative and not in wide as inch. It has been found that satisfactory com sharpal springs'can be profi l cedwith such a coated strip where each of the Teiion coatingsis ofa-thickness of the .order of .000005 inch to ,00001 inch. -although the'inventionhas particular utility with stainless spring steel, it is 'also applicable'with other steelsand other metallic alloys.
- a spiral metal spring which has contactingsurfaces tending toicontact each other andproduce friction, ,and
- spring 'as describedin claim '1 in which isformed by a strip of stainless spring steel havingsubstantially .a' secondTTefloncoating strip, saidcoating stripsbeing substantially identical and beingpositioned respectively along said side faces.
- each of said coating strips having'a thickness of 1 to'10% of the thickness of the steel strip.
- the steel; strip is of-the order of .002 inch to .01 inch in thickne'ss,'the. thickness of'the Teflon coating is of the order of .00005 to .00028 inch, preferably not more than .0001 to .0012 inch;
- the coating layer may be of the order of .00059 inchonmore in thickness.
- a flat strip of metal as described in claim 6 which is in the form of a spiral spring of'thetype used/for watches,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7520/61A SE317325B (sv) | 1961-07-21 | 1961-07-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3167308A true US3167308A (en) | 1965-01-26 |
Family
ID=20271588
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US198062A Expired - Lifetime US3167308A (en) | 1961-07-21 | 1962-05-28 | Springs and strip steel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3167308A (sv) |
CH (2) | CH396521A (sv) |
GB (1) | GB987702A (sv) |
SE (1) | SE317325B (sv) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3301609A (en) * | 1963-12-23 | 1967-01-31 | Fabreeka Products Co | Oilless antifriction device |
US3334524A (en) * | 1964-10-27 | 1967-08-08 | North British Rubber Co Ltd | Power transmission belts |
US3349418A (en) * | 1965-07-20 | 1967-10-31 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Low friction structural bearing |
US3396439A (en) * | 1966-04-18 | 1968-08-13 | Ideal Corp | Clamp for hose or the like |
US3471327A (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1969-10-07 | Siemens Ag | Method of insulating thin electric conductors,particularly extremely thin copper conductors,with thermoplastic synthetic materials |
US3918977A (en) * | 1972-09-14 | 1975-11-11 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Method for coating metallic strips |
US3947611A (en) * | 1972-12-21 | 1976-03-30 | White Charles S | Method of making a bondable low friction thread |
US4303345A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-12-01 | Sycor, Inc. | Ink ribbon drive for data printers |
US4850233A (en) * | 1987-06-05 | 1989-07-25 | Kioritz Corporation | Recoil apparatus |
US20050090869A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2005-04-28 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Adapative anti-tachycardia therapy apparatus and method |
WO2009043391A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Creepservice Sarl | Ressort de barillet a grande capacite de stockage d'energie et son procede de fabrication |
EP3002635A1 (fr) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-06 | Richemont International S.A. | Procédé de fabrication d'un élément ressort pour mouvement horloger ou autre instrument de précision |
US20180347676A1 (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle propulsion system torque transfer vibration attenuation mechanism |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2538283C2 (de) * | 1975-08-28 | 1981-10-08 | Fa. Hugo Vogelsang, 5850 Hohenlimburg | Spiralfeder für eine Vorrichtung zum Bewegen der Seitenscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
CH708231B1 (fr) | 2013-06-27 | 2017-03-15 | Nivarox Far Sa | Ressort d'horlogerie en acier inoxydable austénitique. |
EP2924514B1 (fr) | 2014-03-24 | 2017-09-13 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Ressort d'horlogerie en acier inoxydable austénitique |
CH712308A1 (fr) | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-13 | Officine Panerai Ag | Système de barillet autolubrifié pour pièce d'horlogerie. |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1922291A (en) * | 1932-03-07 | 1933-08-15 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Balloon tire |
US2404000A (en) * | 1940-07-24 | 1946-07-16 | Kaywood Corp | Coating machine and method of coating |
US2489456A (en) * | 1945-08-21 | 1949-11-29 | Robert A Liebel | Method of applying uniform coating by immersion |
CH340771A (de) * | 1957-08-17 | 1959-08-31 | Straumann Inst Ag | Uhrbestandteil und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US2932503A (en) * | 1956-08-28 | 1960-04-12 | American Machine & Metals | Springs |
FR1224177A (fr) * | 1959-02-02 | 1960-06-22 | Ct Tech De L Ind Horlogere | Perfectionnement à la lubrification des petits mécanismes, et plus particulièrement des appareils d'horlogerie |
US2961345A (en) * | 1957-08-05 | 1960-11-22 | John V Petriello | Composite plastic film and a method of making the same in continuous form |
US2979417A (en) * | 1957-06-26 | 1961-04-11 | Straumann Inst Ag | Method of preparing self-lubricating watch and clock parts and the coated article |
-
1961
- 1961-07-21 SE SE7520/61A patent/SE317325B/xx unknown
- 1961-09-25 CH CH181162A patent/CH396521A/de unknown
- 1961-09-25 CH CH1110161A patent/CH383886A/de unknown
-
1962
- 1962-02-13 GB GB5482/62A patent/GB987702A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-05-28 US US198062A patent/US3167308A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1922291A (en) * | 1932-03-07 | 1933-08-15 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Balloon tire |
US2404000A (en) * | 1940-07-24 | 1946-07-16 | Kaywood Corp | Coating machine and method of coating |
US2489456A (en) * | 1945-08-21 | 1949-11-29 | Robert A Liebel | Method of applying uniform coating by immersion |
US2932503A (en) * | 1956-08-28 | 1960-04-12 | American Machine & Metals | Springs |
US2979417A (en) * | 1957-06-26 | 1961-04-11 | Straumann Inst Ag | Method of preparing self-lubricating watch and clock parts and the coated article |
US2961345A (en) * | 1957-08-05 | 1960-11-22 | John V Petriello | Composite plastic film and a method of making the same in continuous form |
CH340771A (de) * | 1957-08-17 | 1959-08-31 | Straumann Inst Ag | Uhrbestandteil und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
FR1224177A (fr) * | 1959-02-02 | 1960-06-22 | Ct Tech De L Ind Horlogere | Perfectionnement à la lubrification des petits mécanismes, et plus particulièrement des appareils d'horlogerie |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3471327A (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1969-10-07 | Siemens Ag | Method of insulating thin electric conductors,particularly extremely thin copper conductors,with thermoplastic synthetic materials |
US3301609A (en) * | 1963-12-23 | 1967-01-31 | Fabreeka Products Co | Oilless antifriction device |
US3334524A (en) * | 1964-10-27 | 1967-08-08 | North British Rubber Co Ltd | Power transmission belts |
US3349418A (en) * | 1965-07-20 | 1967-10-31 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Low friction structural bearing |
US3396439A (en) * | 1966-04-18 | 1968-08-13 | Ideal Corp | Clamp for hose or the like |
US3918977A (en) * | 1972-09-14 | 1975-11-11 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Method for coating metallic strips |
US3947611A (en) * | 1972-12-21 | 1976-03-30 | White Charles S | Method of making a bondable low friction thread |
US4303345A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-12-01 | Sycor, Inc. | Ink ribbon drive for data printers |
US4850233A (en) * | 1987-06-05 | 1989-07-25 | Kioritz Corporation | Recoil apparatus |
US20050090869A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2005-04-28 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Adapative anti-tachycardia therapy apparatus and method |
WO2009043391A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Creepservice Sarl | Ressort de barillet a grande capacite de stockage d'energie et son procede de fabrication |
EP3002635A1 (fr) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-06 | Richemont International S.A. | Procédé de fabrication d'un élément ressort pour mouvement horloger ou autre instrument de précision |
US20180347676A1 (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle propulsion system torque transfer vibration attenuation mechanism |
US10473197B2 (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2019-11-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle propulsion system torque transfer vibration attenuation mechanism |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH383886A (de) | 1965-01-29 |
GB987702A (en) | 1965-03-31 |
SE317325B (sv) | 1969-11-10 |
CH1110161A4 (sv) | 1964-07-15 |
CH396521A (de) | 1965-07-31 |
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