US3165301A - Method and device for the protection of refractory walls - Google Patents

Method and device for the protection of refractory walls Download PDF

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US3165301A
US3165301A US145157A US14515761A US3165301A US 3165301 A US3165301 A US 3165301A US 145157 A US145157 A US 145157A US 14515761 A US14515761 A US 14515761A US 3165301 A US3165301 A US 3165301A
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Prior art keywords
roof
flame
end portions
furnace
furnace chamber
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US145157A
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Riviere Michel
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/04—Manufacture of hearth-furnace steel, e.g. Siemens-Martin steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/002—Siemens-Martin type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/16—Walls; Roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1678—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0033—Linings or walls comprising heat shields, e.g. heat shields
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0005—Injecting liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0073—Seals
    • F27D99/0075—Gas curtain seals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a method and device for the protection of refractory walls. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a method and device which'will protect refractory wall portions of industrial furnaces against heat radiation so that, due to such protection, the temperature in the furnace can be raised to a level higher than that at which the furnace could be operated without such protection of the refractory wall portion.
  • the present invention Since the productivity of the furnace and the production costs will improve in most cases when the temperature within the furnace can be raised, the present invention will result in an increase of the productivity and in a reduction of the production costs in a furnace equipped and operated in accordance with the present invention. Thereby it is usually of particular importance to protect the arched roof portion of the industrial furnace against excessive heat radiation.
  • the furnace will comprise, in combination, an elongated furnace chamber including opposite end portions, a hearth portion located between the opposite end portions and a roof extending above the hearth portion from one of the opposite end portions to the other, burner means communicating with one of the end portions of the furnace chamber for forming a flame flowing alongthe hearth portion spaced from the roof towards the other of the opposite end portions, and fuel-introducing means including nozzle means located in the furnace chamber in the vicinity of the roof thereof at a distance from the one end portion equal to about three times the distance of the nozzle means from the other end portion of the furnace chamber for introducing into the furnace chamber adjacent to the roof thereof spaced further from the one end portion than from the other of the end portions a sheet of a fuel adapted to be cracked under formation of carbon particles at the temperature pevailing in the furnace chamber in the vicinity of the roof thereof when the furnace is in operation, so that a gaseous suspension of carbon particles will be formed upon introduction of the fuel into the operating furnace, the gaseous suspension flowing along the
  • the present invention also contemplates in the operation of a furnace of the type including afurnace chamber having opposite end portions, a hearth portion located between the opposite end portions and a roof extending above the hearth portion from one of the opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing from one of the end portions towards the other of the end portions, the flame being spaced from the roof of the furnace chamber so that due to the flow of the flame, hot gas in the vicinity of the roof will be forced to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the flame; and introducing into the hot gas flow at a point farther distant from the one end portion than from the other of the end portions a fuel adapted at the temperature of the hot gas to be cracked under formation of carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing suspended in the gas above the flame towards the one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of the furnace chamber against heat radiating from the flame, and the carbon particles then merging with the flame in the vicinity of the one end portion of the furnace chamber.
  • the transmission of heat between the heat source such as a flame or electric arc and the charge in the industrial furnace will occur simultaneously by radiation and convection, however, the transmission of heat from the heat source to the refractory wall portions which are not contacted by the heat source will take place nearly exclusively by radiation.
  • the roof of an open hearth furnace is primarily exposed to heat radiating from the flame which is located in the furnace chamber spaced from the roof of the furnace.
  • the heat exposure of the roof and/ or of other wall portions of an industrial furnace is reduced by interposing between such a wall portion and the source of heat a protective shield formed of a flowing suspension of carbon particles.
  • a stream of combus-tion products and fumes is formed which may be called a recirculating current and which originates at the side of the furnace which is opposite to the main burner forming the flame for melting, etc. of the charge.
  • Such recirculating current will flow along the roof of the furnace in a direction opposite to that of the main flame.
  • the recirculating current is composed of products of combustion having a high temperature. They are usually neutral or slightly oxidizing and the recirculating current flows at a low speed along the roof of the furnace in a direction from the tip of the main flame toward the burner nozzle at which the main flame originates.
  • a combustible hydrocarbon there is injected into an industrial furnace in which such a recirculating current of hot combustion products exists, parallel to the wall or the roof which is to be protected and close thereto, in a direction opposite to that of the main flame and concurrent with the recirculating current, into the same, a combustible hydrocarbon.
  • Injection of the combustible hydrocarbon is carried out by means of an injector which will give the combustible hydrocarbon a slight momentum in the direction of the circulating current.
  • the hydrocarbon which is thus injected into the hot recirculating current will be cracked therein under formation of carbon particles.
  • the present invention may be carried out by the injection of a liquid or gaseous combustible hydrocarbon, or by the introduction of a finely subdivided highly viscous or nearly solid hydrocarbon such as heavy fuel oil or tar.
  • a hydrocarbon gas will be chosen which includes a relatively large proportion of carbon atoms in its molecule. 7
  • the injecting means for the hydrocarbon may be conventional injectors having a nozzle from which a conical jet stream of the hydrocarbon will be introduced into the recirculating current, or, the nozzle may be so formed as to produce a sheet-like stream of hydrocarbon, panallel to and preferably of substantially the same width as the roof portion which is to be protected.
  • the protective shield or sheet which is thus formed for the purpose of protecting the adjacent wall portions against radiation heat emanating from a heat source farther distant from the wall portion than the protective sheet, will be formed by a cloud of carbon particles, or by a suspension of carbon particles in the'recirculating current, which carbon particles have been formed by cracking of injected hydrocarbons, but have not yet been oxidized so as to form a gaseous combustion product. Due to the fact that the recirculating current is either formed of non-oxidizing gas or of only slightly oxidizing gas, further combustion of the carbon particles whichare carried along by the recirculating current will not occur or will only occur to a very slight degree which does not seriously interfere with the formation of the protective shield.
  • the hydrocarbon is injected at low speed into the hot and only slightly oxidizing zone of, the furnace approximately where the recirculating current originates and that the speed'of the current is sufficiently slow to pen mit for cracking of the hydrocarbon and formation of carbon particles in the vicinity of the roof or wall portion to be protected which is farthest from the origin of the flame so that the carbon particles will then flow along such wall portion'towards the area of origin of the flame thereby forming a protective shield interposed between such 'wall or roof portion and the flame.
  • the present invention it is possible to protect refractory wall or roof portions of the furnace not only against heat radiation emanating from a flame or are but also against the heat radiation emanating from the liquid bath after the charge in the furnace has been melted. This is particularly important in cases where the surface of the liquid bath in the furnace possesses an from burner 4a.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional elevational schematic view of a furnace.arrangementaccordiug to the present in vention; and 7
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of one end portion of a hearth furnace of refractory brick shown in new condition and illustrating the arrangement of the hydrocarbon injecting means.
  • the process of the present invention may be carried out, for instance, in a Martin furnace of tons capacity, heated with heavy fuel-oil.
  • the furnace comprises in conventional manner a hearth 1, a roof 2, a furnace chamber 3, as well as the principle or main burners 4a and 41) at opposite ends of the furnace chamber. Oil is introduced through the main injectors 5a and 5b and the combustion air is preheated in conventional recuperators 6a and 6b.
  • a liquid metal charge 7 is located on hearth 1.
  • main flame 8 emanates At the opposite end of the furnace, recirculating currents originate and circulate with moderate speed along the furnace roof until they return to the main current of the flame in the vicinity of the operating burner 4a.
  • These recirculating currents are composed of gaseous combustion products of high temperature and low oxygen content and are indicated in FIG- URE 1 by arrow with the indicia The current flow is indicated as it occurs when burner 4a, i.e. the left hand burner is operating. Obviously, the direction of the recirculating current is reversed when instead of burner 4a., burner 4b produces the -flame.' As illustrated, burner 4a is operative'and burner 4b is inoperative.
  • Injectors 9a andf9b cross-sect the roof of the furnace and are arranged in pairs so that one pair of injectors is three times farther; from the end of the furnace roof located adjacent to burner 4a than from the end of the furnace roof located adjacent to burner 4b, while the position'of the other pair of injectors is reversed, i.e. closer to burner 4a than to burner 4b.
  • Fuel-oil is fed into injectors 9a through conduits 10a while compressed air, forming a finely subdivided spray
  • cooling water is introduced and'withdrawn through conduit 12a.
  • Burners 9b are similarly provided with means for introducing oil,
  • FIGURE 2 shows a simplified fragmentary perspective view of the right upper portion of the furnace including the pair of injectors 9a and the manner in which the same cross sect :the furnace roof. 7
  • Each of the injectors 9a and 9b terminates in a nozzle having a reduced cross section of about 2.5 mm. diameter and is arranged about 20 centimeters from and below the inner well surface of the surface, roof,"so asto project fromithe nozzle orifice a finely subdivided jet or stream of oil in a direction parallel to the roof, into recirculating current 1, in a direction opposite tothat of main flame 8.
  • the fine distribution of the oil is accomplished bythe introduction of compressed air under a pressure of about 5 atmospheres.
  • the amount of air for distributing the oil is kept as low as possible in order to limit the amount of oxygen which isthus introduced into the recirculating current.
  • the thrust is in the neighborhood of 0.25 kg.
  • the amount of air for spraying the oil equals about 200 g./h. per kg./h. of oil, although in conventional burners about 1 kilogram of air is generally used per kilogram of oil.
  • the injectors 9a and 9b operate in pairs in such a manner that oil is injected into the pair which is further distant from the burner from which at that time the main or principle flame emanates.
  • Each pair of injectors 9a or 9b whichever is operating at the time, is supplied with oil jointly with the opposite main burner, i.e. jointly with the burner which at that time provides the main flame.
  • oil is simultaneously fed to burner 4a and injectors 9a, so that at the moment when the flame emanating from the burner 4a is extinguished by cutting off the fuel supply to conduit 5a, the supply of oil to the pair of injectors 9a is also terminated.
  • the new flame is then formed at burner 4b, oil will be simultaneously introduced through injectors 9b.
  • the cracking of the oil and the formation of carbon particles starts at a distance of about to centimeters from the injector nozzle.
  • the injectors are so positioned that the carbon particles formed by cracking are carried along at low speed with the recirculating current.
  • the elevated temperature of the recirculating current facilitates the cracking of the oil, while the small oxygen content of the gaseous suspension of carbon particles, thus formed, and the low speed thereof will retard the combustion of the carbon particles formed by cracking of the hydrocarbon and thus will allow the formation of a protective dense opaque stream or shield 13 which will flow along the roof interposed between flame 8 or charge 7 I on the one hand and roof 2 on the other hand.
  • the cracking products such as carbon particles will eventually merge with the main flame in the vicinity of burner 4a, i.e. in the vicinity of the burner from which the main flame emanates at that time and will then be subjected to complete combustion in the main flame.
  • the pairs of injectors 9a and 9b are not located at the extreme ends of the furnace space but somewhat towards the center thereof, approximately as illustrated, i.e. approximately and 75% respectively distant from the two burners, for reasons of backwash and of the geometrical configuration of the sheet-like recirculating stream in which otherwise a premature disappearance of the cloud of carbon particles would occur.
  • the roof of the furnace is more curved at its end portions than at its center portions, it is also more fragile in this area and thus it would be undesirable to weaken the curved end portions of the furnace roof by having the injectors penetrate through the curved end portions.
  • the end portions of the furnace roof are less exposed to heat than the central portion of the furnace roof and in view of all of these considerations, it was found desirable to space the injectors from the extreme ends of the furnace spaced at a distance of about one-quarter of the total length of the furnace space or roof. This represents a satisfactory solution for the above discussed considerations and will protect particularly the center portion of the furnace roof, i.e. the portion thereof which is most exposed to high temperature.
  • the total amount of oil which is introduced into the furnace equals 1,000 kg./h. and this total amount is maintained constant, however, the proportion thereof which is introduced through the injectors 9a or 9b may vary between about 100 and 250 kg./h., equal to between 10% and 25% of the total amount of fuel introduced into the furnace.
  • an elongated furnace chamber including opposite end portions, a hearth portion located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth portion from one of said opposite end portions to the other; burner means communicating with one of the end portions of said furnace chamber for forming a flame flowing along said hearth portion spaced from said roof towards the other of said opposite end portions; gas outlet means at the other of said end portions of said furnace chamber permitting escape of hot gases from said chamber without reaching the region of said furnace chamber adjacent .to the roof thereof; and.
  • fuel-introducing means including nozzle means located in said furnace chamber into said region adjacent to said roof thereof at a distance from said one end portion equal to about three times the distance of said nozzle means from the other end portion of said furnace chamber for independently of said burner means introducing into said furnace chamber adjacent to the roof thereof spaced further from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a carbonaceous fuel adapted to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles at the temperature prevailing in said furnace chamber in said region adjacent to said roof thereof when said furnace is in operation, so that a gaseous suspension of carbon particles will'be formed upon introduction of said fuelinto the operatingv furnace, said gaseous suspension flowing first in said region adjacent to the roof of said furnace chamber towards said one end portion thereof in countercurrent to the direction of flow of said flame from said burner to said outlet opening, between the same-and the 'roof of said furnace chamber and then downwardly to said flame to be burned therein while flowing towards said other of said opposite end portions, thereby protecting said'roof against heat radiating from said flame formed by said burner means
  • an elongated furnace chamber including opposite end portions, a hearth portion located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth portion from one of said opposite end portions to the other; burner means communi- -eating with one 'of the end portions of said furnace chamber for forming a flame flowing along said hearth portion end portions; gas outlet means at the other of said end portions of said furnace chamber gases from said chamber without. reaching the region of said furnace chamber adjacent to thereof thereof; and fuel-introducing means including nozzle means located in said furnace chamber into said region adjacent.
  • an elongated furnace chamber including opposite end portions, a hearth portion located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth portion from one of said opposite end portions to the other; burner means communicating with one of the endportions of said furnace chamber for forming a flame flowing along said hearth portion spaced from said roof towards the other of said opposite end portions; gas outlet means at the other of said end portions of said furnace chamber permitting escape of hot gases from said chamber without'reaching the region of said furnace chamber adjacent to the roof thereof;
  • nozzle means 'end portion equal to about three times the distance of said nozzle means from the other end portion of said furnace chamber for independently of said burner means introducing into said furnace chamber adjacent to the roof thereof spaced further from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a sheet of a carbonaceous fuel adapted to be cracked underliberation of free carbon particles at the temperature prevailing in said furnace chamber in said region adjacent to said roof thereof when said furnace is in operation, so that'a gaseous suspension of carbonparticles will be formed upon introduction of said fuel into the operating furnace,1said gaseous suspension flowing first in said region adjacent to the roof of said furnace chamber towards said one end portion thereof in countercurrent to the direction of flow of said flame from said burner to said outlet opening, between the same and the roof of said furnace chamber and then downwardly to saidflame to be burned therein while flowing towards said other of'said opposite end portions, thereby protecting said roof against heat radiating'frorn said flame formed by said burner means.
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a furnace chamber having opposite open
  • a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth fromone of said opposite end portions to the-other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of saidopen end portions into .said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end porpermitting escape of hot 9 opposite to the direction of flow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a point farther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a carbonaceous fuel adapted at the temperature of said hot gas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of said furnace chamber against heat radiating from said flame, and said carbon particles then merging with said flame in the vicinity of said one end portion of said furnace chamber to be completely burned therein while flowing toward the other a of said opposite end portions.
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth from one of said opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of said open end portions into said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end portion so that a large proportion of the hot gases emanating from said flame will directly flow out from said furnace chamber through said other open end portion thereof and the remaining small proportion of said hot gases will be forced in the vicinity of said roof to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a point about three times farther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a fluid carbonaceous fuel adapted at the temperature of said hot gas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of said furnace chamber against heat radiating from said flame, and said carbon particles then merging with said
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth from one of said opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of said open end portions into said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end portion so that a large proportion of the hot gases emanating from said flame will directly flow out from said furnace chamber through said other open end portion thereof and the remaining small proportion of said hot gases will be forced in the vicinity of said roof to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a point farther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a hydrocarbon fuel adapted at the temperature of said hot gas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of said furnace chamber against heat radiating from said flame, and said carbon particles then merging with said flame in the vicinity of
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth from one of said opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of said open end portions into said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end portion so that a large proportion of the hot gases emanating from said flame will directly flow out from said furnace chamber through said other open end portion thereof and the remaining small proportion of said hot gases will be forced in the vicinity of said roof to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a point farther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a liquid hydrocarbon fuel adapted at the temperature of said hot gas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of said furnace chamber against heat radiating from said flame, and said carbon particles then merging withsaid flame in the
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof exending above said hearth from one of said opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of said open end portions into said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end portion so that a large proportion of the hot gases emanating from said flame will directly flow out from said furnace chamber through said other open end portion thereof and the remaining small proportion of said hot gases will be forced in the vicinity of said roof to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a point farther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a carbonaceous fuel consisting essentially of gaseous hydrocarbon molecules including a large proportion of can bon atoms and adapted at the temperature of said hot gas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of said
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth from one of said opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of said open end portions into said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end portion so that a large proportion of the hot gases emanating from said flame will directly flow out from said furnace chamber through said other open end portion thereof and the remaining small proportion of said hot gases will be forced in the vicinity of said roof to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a point farther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions finely subdivided tar as a carbonaceous fuel adapted at the temperature of said hot gas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of said furnace chamber against heat radiating from said flame, and said carbon particles
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof'extending above said hearth from one of said opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of said open end portions into said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end portion so that a large proportionof the hot gases emanating from said flame will directly flow out from said furnace chamber through said other open end portion thereoi and the remaining.
  • said hot gases will be forced in the vicinity of said roof to flow in a direction opposite to the direction, of flow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a point farther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions finely subdivided heavy fuel-oil as a carbonaceous fuel adapted at the temperature of said hot gas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof'of said furnace chamber against heat radiating from said flame, and said carbon particles then merging with said flame in the vicinity of said one end portion of said furnace chamber to be completely burned therein while flowing toward the other of said opposite end portions.
  • a furnace of the type including a furnace chamber having opposite open end portions, a hearth located between said opposite end portions and a roof extending above said hearth from one of said opposite end portions to the other, the steps of forming a flame flowing through one of said open end portions into said furnace chamber towards the opposite open end portion so that a large proportion of'the hot gases emanating from said flame will directly flow out'from said furnace chamber throughrsaid other open end portion thereof and the remaining small proportion of said hot gases-will be forced in thevicinity of said roof to flow in a direction opposite to the, direction ofrflow of said flame; and introducing into said remaining forced hot gas flow in the vicinity of the roof at a pointfarther distant from said one end portion than from the other of said end portions a gaseous hydrooarbon fuel adapted at the temperatureof said hotgas to be cracked under liberation of free carbon particles, the thus-formed carbon particles flowing first suspended in said gas above said flame towards said one end portion, thereby protecting the roof of said furnace chamber against heat radiating from said

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
US145157A 1960-10-18 1961-10-16 Method and device for the protection of refractory walls Expired - Lifetime US3165301A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR841485A FR1277355A (fr) 1960-10-18 1960-10-18 Procédé de protection des parois réfractaires de fours industriels contre le rayonnement

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US (1) US3165301A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT238747B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES270895A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1277355A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB993010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL269875A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3446494A (en) * 1966-03-01 1969-05-27 Giancarlo Consogno Method and device for the protection of the refractory masonries
US4000962A (en) * 1974-05-14 1977-01-04 Hotwork International Limited Method of heating up glass melting furnaces or the like
US4675041A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-06-23 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for furnace lid purging
US20080115535A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Kuang-Tsai Wu Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1964544A (en) * 1928-04-05 1934-06-26 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of firing furnaces
US2303620A (en) * 1940-07-31 1942-12-01 William T Dean Method of firing regenerative furnaces or the like
US2662761A (en) * 1949-12-05 1953-12-15 United Steel Companies Ltd Open hearth furnace
GB747840A (en) * 1953-11-13 1956-04-18 Eitel Hans Joachim Improvements in or relating to open-hearth furnaces
US3002736A (en) * 1958-12-08 1961-10-03 Inland Steel Co Method of operating a combined melting hearth and gas reformer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1964544A (en) * 1928-04-05 1934-06-26 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of firing furnaces
US2303620A (en) * 1940-07-31 1942-12-01 William T Dean Method of firing regenerative furnaces or the like
US2662761A (en) * 1949-12-05 1953-12-15 United Steel Companies Ltd Open hearth furnace
GB747840A (en) * 1953-11-13 1956-04-18 Eitel Hans Joachim Improvements in or relating to open-hearth furnaces
US3002736A (en) * 1958-12-08 1961-10-03 Inland Steel Co Method of operating a combined melting hearth and gas reformer

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3446494A (en) * 1966-03-01 1969-05-27 Giancarlo Consogno Method and device for the protection of the refractory masonries
US4000962A (en) * 1974-05-14 1977-01-04 Hotwork International Limited Method of heating up glass melting furnaces or the like
US4675041A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-06-23 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for furnace lid purging
US20080115535A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Kuang-Tsai Wu Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US7946129B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2011-05-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US20110185769A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2011-08-04 Kuang-Tsai Wu Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US20110192196A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2011-08-11 Kuang-Tsai Wu Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US8640500B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2014-02-04 Praxair Technology, Inc. Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US8640499B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2014-02-04 Praxair Technology, Inc. Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB993010A (en) 1965-05-26
FR1277355A (fr) 1961-12-01
NL269875A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
NL123013C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
ES270895A1 (es) 1962-03-01
AT238747B (de) 1965-02-25

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