US3164134A - Apparatus and method for operating a forced flow once-through vapor generator - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for operating a forced flow once-through vapor generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3164134A
US3164134A US238887A US23888762A US3164134A US 3164134 A US3164134 A US 3164134A US 238887 A US238887 A US 238887A US 23888762 A US23888762 A US 23888762A US 3164134 A US3164134 A US 3164134A
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Prior art keywords
vapor
flow
superheater
fluid
heating
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US238887A
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Jr Edward L Kochey
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Priority to GB1052385D priority Critical patent/GB1052385A/en
Application filed by Combustion Engineering Inc filed Critical Combustion Engineering Inc
Priority to US238887A priority patent/US3164134A/en
Priority to FR954321A priority patent/FR1374283A/fr
Priority to BE640158A priority patent/BE640158A/xx
Priority to ES0293654A priority patent/ES293654A1/es
Priority to CH1416063A priority patent/CH433391A/de
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Publication of US3164134A publication Critical patent/US3164134A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/14Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/20Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by combustion gases of main boiler
    • F01K3/22Controlling, e.g. starting, stopping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/12Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating with superimposed recirculation during starting and low-load periods, e.g. composite boilers

Definitions

  • the invention relates in general to a forced flow modified once-through vapor generating power plant and more particularly to an apparatus and method for starting up the vapor generator and turbine associated therewith.
  • the boiler throttling valve is preferably located downstream of the primary superheater instead of upstream thereof. This permits heating of the working fluid in the vapor generating portion to a higher temperature such as 800 F. before this fluid is expanded to the lower pressure region of the intermediate or final superheater section during a later phase in the start-up procedure.
  • a recirculation circuit is used which recirculates the working fluid around the vapor generating section for the purpose of speedily raising the pressure and temperature thereof to the desired operating values.
  • FIG. 1 is a representation of a vapor power plant system in the form of a flow diagram incorporating the features of the present invention as employed in connection with a vapor generator using vapor from an auxiliary source for starting up the turbine associated with the vapor generator.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram representing a vapor power.
  • FIG. 1 shows a forced flow once-through vapor generator 10.
  • a feed pump 12 is organized to supply working fluid to vapor generator 10 froma source such as de-aerator 14 by Way of conduit 16 and via a fluid preheater 18.
  • a feed valve 24 To control or shut-ofl the flow of working fluid a feed valve 24) is provided in conduit 16.
  • the working fluid passes through economizer 22, conduit 23, vapor generating section 24, conduit 25, primary superheater 26, conduit 27, finishing superheater 28 and conduit 29 to a point of use such as vapor turbine-30.
  • a valve 31 is provided in conduit 29 to shut-off the flow of the working fluid to turbine 30.
  • the vapor After having given up a major portion of its thermal energy, the vapor is condensed in condenser 32 and the condensate returned to de-aerator 14 through conduit 33 via condenser pump 34 and heater 35.
  • Fuel and air for combustion are supplied to vapor generator 10 by way of burner 36 in any conventional manner.
  • the hot combustion gases produced by the burning of the fuel pass in heat exchange relation overthe heat absorbing surfaces of the vapor. generating section 24, superheating sections 26 and 28 and economizer 22.
  • Oth er conventional means of supplying heat to the vapor generator may be used in connection with the invention.
  • a source 38 of auxili ary vapor is provided for supplying vapor during the startup operation to primary superheater 26 by way of conduit 40 including valve 42.
  • An important element of the inventive combination herein disclosed is the provision of a recirculating conduit 44 including valves 4-6 and recirculating pump 48 for the recirculation of working fluid from the outlet of vapor generating section 24 to the inlet thereof.
  • an overflow conduit 50' is provided;
  • valves 51 and 52 which connects the outlet of primary superheater 26 to a point of low pressure such as the hot well of condenser 32 or de-aerator 14;
  • a by-pass conduit 53 including valve 54 for lay-passing the turbine during an early phase of the start-up operation.
  • Another important element of the inventive combination is the provision in conduit 25 of a shut-off valve 55 including a throttling valve 56 arranged in conduit 57 which bypasses valve 55.
  • the purpose of bypass valve 56 is to obtain throttling with high pressure drop and/or small flow quantities, while the main shut-off valve 55 is designed for relatively low pressure drops and large flow quantities.
  • the forced flow modified once-through vapor generator is started up according to the invention with the following general considerations in mind.
  • the vapor generating power plant is divided into two main portions. These are separated by a socalled boiler throttling valve 55. With this valve closed it' is possible by use of vapor obtained from an auxiliary source 38 and superheated by passing it through superheaters 26 and 28, to warm up and roll the turbine long before any vapor has been generated in the vapor generating portion 24 of the generator 10.
  • the vapor generator is also being brought up to temperature and pressure with a vaporizable fluid which fluid may have previously been de-aerated also by the use of vapor obtained from auxiliary source 38.
  • Vaporizable fluid is pumped from the deaerator through economizer 22 and vapor generating section2l by means of feed pump 12 via feed valve 29.
  • This fluid is first being discharged to a point of lower pressure such as condenser 32 by way of extraction or overflow line Stl and extraction valves Bland 52, while the unit is being fired up.
  • the heated fluid is thus discharged until the socalled clean-up operationof the vapor generator is completed, i.e., until the working fluid has been purged of decontaminants such as iron oxide which may have been present in the Working fluid.
  • feeding of the working fluid is discontinued by closing feed valve Eli and also by closing extraction valve .51, with the latter however being set to open automatically at a predetermined higher pressure. This is necessary in order to allow for overflow due to expansion of the fluid as the fluid is being heated in the'vapor generating section 24.
  • a second consideration of the present invention is the provision for protecting the tube lined walls 24 of th furnace from overheating while the feed valve 25 is closed. This is accomplished by recirculating the Working fluid from the outlet of the vapor generating section to the inlet thereof by way of conduit 44 and valve 46 and by means of recirculating pump 48. Recirculation of the workingfluid thus serves two purposes. First it provides for eflicient cooling of the tubular furnace surface exposed to radiant heat, thereby permitting a faster increase of the firing r ate. And second, such recirculation simultaneously results in a quicker heating of the fluid since none of the heated fluid is being'discharged to waste. Such discharge and waste of heat would be unavoidable without recirculation since a minimum velocity of the working fluid must be-maintainedin the furnace tubes to prevent overheatingthere'of.
  • valve 56 in bypass 54- is opened with the high temperature fluid expanding into primary'superheater 26, which; leads to the. third and most important consideration of the inventive combination.
  • the invention provides a return conduit as leading from conduit 27 to the recircula-ting conduit 44 or to the inlet of vapor generating section 24.
  • a continuous flow of fluid is thereby established out of the primary superheater 26 without discharging this flow to waste, or appreciably lowering the pressure thereof, or requiring replenishment of hot high pressure fluid by relatively cool working fluid which must be supplied by feed pump 18, or prolonging the time required to heat the working fluid that is recirculating through furnace Wall 24 and to raise it to operating pressure.
  • the pressure and temperature of this fluid can conveniently and accurately be measured by means of devices 64 and 66 respectively and continuously be observed while the vapor generator is prepared for full operation.
  • valve 56 When the pressure and temperature have reached values which assure a complete flashing into vapor of the working fluid when it is throttled down to the pressure prevailing in finishing superheater 28, valve 56 is cracked open either manually or by the action of control element 68 receiving temperature and/or pressure impulses from measuring devices 66 and d4. Simultaneously with the opening of bypass valve 56 feed valve 20 is gradually being opened to re-establish flow of working fluid into the vapor generator. Also the flow of auxiliary vapor is proportionally reduced by controlling valve 42.
  • FIG. 2 is a representation of a forced flow vapor generating system wherein the vapor for cooling the superheater 28 and starting turbine 3% is not supplied from an auxiliary source but is produced only by flashing which results from expanding the high pressure liquid leaving primary superheater 26 and valve 56.
  • said furnace walls to the inlet thereof to maintain the flow velocity in said furnace walls above a predetermined minimum velocity; permitting a second overflow from the outlet of said primary superheater to the inlet of said furnace walls while discontinuing said first overflow; obtaining an indication of the temperature and pressure of said second over-flow; gradually establishing fiow from said primary superheater to said finishing superheater when the temperature and pressure of said second overflow reach predetermined values; and re-establishing a flow of vapor- TlZSJblC fluid to said vapor generator generally proportional to the flow from saidfinishing superheater.
  • a method of starting up a forced flow modified oncethrough steam generator having a first heating section including steam generating furnace walls and primary superheater, and having a second heating section including a finishing superheater, said heating sections being serially arranged for flow of water and steam therethrough; the invention comprising feeding water to said furnace walls and primary superheater only; while blocking the flow from said primary superheater to said finishing superheater heating said water by supplying fuel and air to said steam generator for burning and producing hot combustion gases flowing in heat exchange relation over the heating surfaces thereof including said furnace walls, primary superheater and finishing superheater; permitting a first overflow of heated water due to expansion thereof and for cleaning-up purposes from said first heating section to a point of lower pressure; discontinuing the feeding of water to said first section; while recirculating said water from the outlet of said furnace walls to the inlet thereof to maintain a predetermined :rninimum flow velocity in said furnace walls; permitting a second overflow from the outlet of said primary superheater to the inlet of said furnace walls
  • a method of starting up a forced flow modified oncethrough steam generator having a first heating section including an economizer, steam generating furnace walls and primary superheater and having a second heating section including a finishing superheater said heating sections being serially arranged for flow of water and steam therethrough; the inventioncomprising feeding water to'said economizer, furnace walls andprimary superheater-only;
  • finishing superheater and, economizer permitting a first] overflow of heated water due to expansion thereof 'and for cleaning-up purposes from the outlet of said primary superheater to a point of lower pressure; discontinuing .the feeding of water to said first section while recirculating said feedwater from the outlet of said furnace walls to the to said finishing superheater when the temperatureand pressure of said second overflow has reached predetermined values, and re-esta'blishinga flow of feedwater to said steam generator generally proportional to the output flow from said steam generator.
  • a method of starting up a forced flow modified oncethrough vapor generator having a first heating section 1n-- cluding vapor generating furnace walls and a primary superheater, and having a second heating section including a finishing superheater, said heating sections being serially arranged for flow of a vaporizable fluid therethrough; and an auxiliary source of vapor; the invention comprising feeding vaporizable fluid to said first heating section only; feeding vapor from said auxiliary source to said second heating section; heating said vaporizable fluid and said vapor by supplying heat to said first and second heating sections; permitting a first overflow of heated vaporizable fluid from said first heating section to a point of lower pressure; flowing said heated vapor to a point of use; discontinuing the feeding of vaporizable fluid to said first section while recirculating said fluid from the outlet of said furnace walls to the inlet thereof to maintain the flow velocity in said furnace walls above a predetermined minimum velocity; permitting a second overflow from the outlet of said primary superheater to the
  • shut-off means for dis-: continuing the feeding of water to saidfirst section; means for recirculating said heated water from the outlet of said furnacewalls to the inlet thereof to maintain the flow velocity thereof in said furnace walls above a predeter mined minimum velocity; means for permitting a second overflow from the outlet of said primary superheater to the inlet of said furnacewalls; shut-off means for dis continuing said first-overflow; means for obtaining an indication of the temperature and pressure ofsaid-second, overflow; means for gradually establishing flow from said primary superheater to said finishing superheater when the temperature and pressure of said second overflow reach predetermined values, and means for re-establishing a flow of feedwater to saidsteam generator generally proportional to .the'output flow therefrom.
  • a forced flow modified once-through steam generator having a first heating section including steam gen erating furnace walls and a primary superheater, and having a second heating section including a finishing superheater, said heating sections being serially arranged for inlet thereof to maintain the flow velocity in said furnace walls above a predetermined minimum velocity; permitting a second overflow from the outlet of said primary superheater to the inlet 'of said furnace walls while dis continuing said first overflow; obtaining an indication of the temperature and pressure of said second overflow;
  • the combination comprising means for feeding water to said first heating section; means for heating said water by supplying fuel and air to said steam generator for burning and producing hot combustion gases flowing in heat exchange relation over the heating surfaces of said steam generator including said furnace walls, primary superheater, and
  • finishing superheater means for permitting a first overflow of heated water due to expansion thereof and for cleaning- 7 up purposes from said first heating section'to a pointof lower pressure; shut-01f means for discontinuing the feeding of water to said first section; means" for recirculat ing said water from the outlet ;of said furnace walls to the inlet thereof to maintain a predeterminedminimum flow I indication of the temperature and pressure of said second overflow; means for gradually establishing flow from said primary superheater to said finishing superheater when t the temperature and pressure of said second overflow reach predetermined values, and means form-establishing a flow of feedwater to said steam generator generally proportional tothe output flow therefrom.
  • a forced flow modified once-through steam generator having a first heating'section including an economizer, steam generating furnace walls,'.primary superheater and a second heating section including a finishing superheater said heating sections being serially arranged for flow of Water and steam'therethrough; the combination comprising means for feeding water tosaid first heating section; means for heating said water by supplying fuel and air to said steam generator for burning and producing hot combustion gases flowing in heat exchange relation over the heating surfaces ofsaid furnace walls; primary superheater, finishing superheater and economizer; means for permitting a first overflow of heated water due to expansion thereof and for cleaning-up purposes from the outlet of said primary superheater to a point of lower pressure; shut-off means for discontinuing the feeding of Water to 'said first section; means for recirculating said 7 water from the outlet of "said furnace'walls to the inlet thereof to maintain the flow velocity thereof in said furnace walls above a; predetermined minimum velocity;
  • heating sections being seriallyarranged for flow of water and steam therethroug'h; anda sourcebf auxiliary steam; the combination'comprising means for feeding waater to said first heating section; means for shutting ofi flow -I of water and steam to said second heatingsection; means for supplying auxiliary steam to said second heating section; means for supplying heat' to said first and second heating sections; means for-"flowing steam; generated in said steam.
  • shut-off means for discontinuing the feeding of water to said first section; means for recirculating said heated water from the outlet ing section; and means for re-establishing a flow of feedwater to said steam generator generally proportional to the output flow therefrom.
  • a forced flow modified oncethrough steam generator having a first heating section including an economizer, steam generating furnace walls, primary superheater and a second heating section including a finishing superheater said heating sections being serially arranged for fiow of water and steam therethrough; and a source of auxiliary steam, the combination comprising means for feeding water to said first heating section; means for feeding vapor from said auxiliary source to said second heating section; heating-said feedwater to said auxiliary vapor by supplying fuel and air to said steam generator for burning and producing hot combustion gases flowing in heat exchange relation over the heating surfaces of said furnace walls, primary superheater, finishing superheater and economizer; means for permitting a first overflow of heated water due to expansion thereof and for cleaningup purposes from the outlet of said primary superheater to a point of lower pressure; shut-off means for discontinuing the feeding of water to said first section; means for recirculating said feedwater from the outlet of said furnace walls to the inlet thereof tomaintain the flow velocity in said furnace walls above a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
US238887A 1962-11-20 1962-11-20 Apparatus and method for operating a forced flow once-through vapor generator Expired - Lifetime US3164134A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1052385D GB1052385A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1962-11-20
US238887A US3164134A (en) 1962-11-20 1962-11-20 Apparatus and method for operating a forced flow once-through vapor generator
FR954321A FR1374283A (fr) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19 Perfectionnements apportés aux procédés et dispositifs utilisables pour mettre en marche des générateurs de vapeur à circulation forcée et à vaporisation totale
BE640158A BE640158A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19
ES0293654A ES293654A1 (es) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19 Un metodo de poner en funcionamiento un generador de vapor del tipo modificado de paso unico y de circulaciën forzada
CH1416063A CH433391A (de) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19 Verfahren zum Anlassen einer Dampferzeugungsanlage mit Zwangsdurchlauf des verdampfbaren Mediums und Dampferzeugungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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US238887A US3164134A (en) 1962-11-20 1962-11-20 Apparatus and method for operating a forced flow once-through vapor generator

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BE (1) BE640158A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH433391A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES293654A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1052385A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3361117A (en) * 1966-02-18 1968-01-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Start-up system for forced flow vapor generator and method of operating the vapor generator
US3369526A (en) * 1966-02-14 1968-02-20 Riley Stoker Corp Supercritical pressure boiler
US3434460A (en) * 1966-11-30 1969-03-25 Combustion Eng Multicircuit recirculation system for vapor generating power plant
US3818872A (en) * 1973-06-29 1974-06-25 Combustion Eng Economizer bypass for increased furnace wall protection
DE102011078205A1 (de) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hilfsdampferzeuger als zusätzliche Frequenz- bzw. Primär- und/oder Sekundärregelmaßnahme bei einem Dampfkraftwerk
US9920924B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2018-03-20 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace and start-up methods
CN107849946A (zh) * 2015-06-30 2018-03-27 鲁道夫·高奇 蒸汽发电装置
US11371392B1 (en) * 2021-01-07 2022-06-28 General Electric Company System and method for improving startup time in a fossil-fueled power generation system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB709888A (en) * 1952-01-05 1954-06-02 Koninkluke Machf Gebr Stork & Means for disposing of superheated steam from a steam generator during the firing-up period
GB716524A (en) * 1951-06-16 1954-10-06 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to forced flow, once through, steam generating and superheating units
GB851784A (en) * 1958-03-12 1960-10-19 Sulzer Ag Forced-flow, once-through steam generators
US2989038A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-06-20 Duerrwerke Ag Device for starting-up once-through boilers
US3019774A (en) * 1959-09-16 1962-02-06 Dunwerke Ag Once-through vapor generator
US3038453A (en) * 1957-02-07 1962-06-12 Combustion Eng Apparatus and method for controlling a forced flow once-through steam generator
US3102513A (en) * 1958-09-04 1963-09-03 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for controlling rate of temperature changes of heat generators during startup and shutdown

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB716524A (en) * 1951-06-16 1954-10-06 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to forced flow, once through, steam generating and superheating units
GB709888A (en) * 1952-01-05 1954-06-02 Koninkluke Machf Gebr Stork & Means for disposing of superheated steam from a steam generator during the firing-up period
US2989038A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-06-20 Duerrwerke Ag Device for starting-up once-through boilers
US3038453A (en) * 1957-02-07 1962-06-12 Combustion Eng Apparatus and method for controlling a forced flow once-through steam generator
GB851784A (en) * 1958-03-12 1960-10-19 Sulzer Ag Forced-flow, once-through steam generators
US3102513A (en) * 1958-09-04 1963-09-03 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for controlling rate of temperature changes of heat generators during startup and shutdown
US3019774A (en) * 1959-09-16 1962-02-06 Dunwerke Ag Once-through vapor generator

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3369526A (en) * 1966-02-14 1968-02-20 Riley Stoker Corp Supercritical pressure boiler
US3361117A (en) * 1966-02-18 1968-01-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Start-up system for forced flow vapor generator and method of operating the vapor generator
US3434460A (en) * 1966-11-30 1969-03-25 Combustion Eng Multicircuit recirculation system for vapor generating power plant
US3818872A (en) * 1973-06-29 1974-06-25 Combustion Eng Economizer bypass for increased furnace wall protection
DE102011078205A1 (de) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hilfsdampferzeuger als zusätzliche Frequenz- bzw. Primär- und/oder Sekundärregelmaßnahme bei einem Dampfkraftwerk
CN103620166A (zh) * 2011-06-28 2014-03-05 西门子公司 具有作为附加的频率调节措施以及初级和/或次级调节措施的辅助蒸汽生成器的蒸汽发电设备及方法
CN107849946A (zh) * 2015-06-30 2018-03-27 鲁道夫·高奇 蒸汽发电装置
US9920924B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2018-03-20 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace and start-up methods
US11371392B1 (en) * 2021-01-07 2022-06-28 General Electric Company System and method for improving startup time in a fossil-fueled power generation system
US20220213815A1 (en) * 2021-01-07 2022-07-07 General Electric Company System and method for improving startup time in a fossil-fueled power generation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE640158A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-05-19
GB1052385A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH433391A (de) 1967-04-15
ES293654A1 (es) 1964-09-01

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