US3163397A

US3163397A - Vane construction

Info

Publication number: US3163397A
Application number: US785600A
Authority: US
Inventors: Gassmann Johannes; Eugen S Neher
Original assignee: Daimler Benz AG
Current assignee: Daimler Benz AG
Priority date: 1958-01-14
Filing date: 1959-01-08
Publication date: 1964-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 1981-12-29

Description

1954 J. GASSMANN ETAL 97 VANE CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 8, 1959 INVENTORS JOHANNES GASSMANN EUGEN S. NEHER BY ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,1635% FAME CfiNSTRUtITlQN Johannes Gassrnann, Aitbach, near Essiingen (Neckar), and Eugen S. Neher, dtuttgart-Qherturlrheim, Germany, assignors to Daimler-Benz Airtiengesellschaft, Stuttgart- Unterturkheim, Germany 7 Filed Jan. 8, 1959, Ser. No. 785,600

fliaims priority, appiication Germany Jan. 14, N53

4- Claims. (Cl. 253-77) The present invention relates to vanes or blades for use in flow devices such as turbines which are exposed to a relatively high temperature.

The present invention is particularly concerned with the problem of producing a guide vane construction for gas turbines which is capable of effectively resisting the relatively high temperatures prevailing therein without burning up or melting. Additionally, the guide vane construction in accordance with the present invention is to exhibit a corrosion-resistant characteristic, i.e., is to be as corrosion-free as possible, and is adapted to be manufactured relatively inexpensively.

Furthermore, the present invention is also concerned with the problem of rendering especially the guide vanes in gas turbines relatively insensitive against sudden temperature changes, i.e., against so-called heat shocks.

It is known in the prior art to manufacture the vanes for gas turbines from ceramic materials.

It is further knownin the prior art to utilize for the manufacture of vanes for use in gas turbines special alloy steels which possess suificient rigidity even with the relatively high temperatures and are also corrosion-resistant or non-corrosive, such as, for example, stainless or rust-free steel alloys.

However, the ceramic vanes used in the prior art have the disadvantage that they are not sufficiently safe or resistant to breakage.

Turbine vanes made of a highly alloyed heat-resistant steel have a relatively much larger weight than the ceramic vanes and are additionally very expensive.

The present invention aims at a vane construction obviating the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

The present invention consists in providing a vane made in part of ceramic material and in part of metallic material, and in which the vane body, properly speaking made of ceramic material, is provided with one or several recesses, bores, apertures, hollow or cut-out portions into which one or several metallic supporting inserts are placed. The recesses or cut-out portions are preferably arranged within the interior of the ceramic vane body so that the support member placed into a corresponding recess is surrounded like a core by the ceramicvane body portion.

According to a further feature in accordance with the present invention, the ceramic-body vane portion may be constructed either as a one-piece integral element or of It is thereby particularly advantageous several parts. if the ceramic-body portion is subdivided transversely and consists of individual vanes which are stacked or placed upon the metallic core member. This metallic core member is thereby preferably made of a high-heat-resistant steel. With such a construction, the ceramic vane is far-reachingly safeguarded by the interior support thereof in the form of the metallic core against breakage. The support insert is appropriately matched or adapted in its configuration to the general shape of the vane constituted by transversely subdivided vane body portions and is constructed approximately in the form of a circular segment.

The multi-partite construction of the ceramic vanebody portion offers in particular the advantage that such vanes are relatively insensitive against sudden temperature changes, particularly against the so-called heat shocks,

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vane construction for use in flow devices,

particularly for use in gas turbines, which obviates the provision of a guidevane construction, particularly for use in gas turbines, which is relatively insensitive to,

changes in temperatures and particularly to the so-called heat shocks which occur in gas turbines.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing which shows, for purposes of illustration only, one embodiment in accordance with the present invention, and wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view through a guide vane construction of a gas turbine in present invention, H

FIGURE '2 is a top plan view of the guide vane construction shown in FIGURE 1, and

FIGURE 3 represents a structural modification of the guide vane construction illustrated in FIGURE 1.

Referring now to the drawing wherein like reference numerals are used throughout the two views FIGURES 1 and 2 to designate corresponding parts, reference numeral 1 generally designates therein the guide vane construction in accordance with the present invention which is provided in the center part thereof with a reinforcing supporting insert 2 made of a high-heat-resistant alloy steel. The center part 2 represents the core member of the guide vane. The corevmember 2 thereby has the shape of a part of a circle and' is surrounded by the ceramic vane-body portion 3.

accordance with the FIGURE 2 shows that the surrounding body portion 3 consists of a plurality of individual elements such as lamina members 4 which are placed or stacked one above the other and are retained together by the metallic supporting insert 2. ,The individual elements 4 abut against one another along the separating joints or edge portions 5 extending in a direction transversely to the longitudinal direction of the guide vane as may be readily recognized in FIGURE 2.

In contrast to the subdivided construction of the ceramic body portion 3 made of a plurality of individual elements 4, the central supporting insert 2 of the guide vane il lustrated in the drawing consists of an integral or'interconnected metallic body. v I

While we have shown one'ernbodiment in accordance with the present invention, it is understood that the same is not. limited thereto but is susceptible of many changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, instead of a single reinforcing insert 2, the ceramic body portion 3 of the guide vane may be provided with two or more hollow or cut-out portions or recesses for the accommodation therein of two or more reinforcing supporting inserts as shown in FIG- URE 3 each made of an integral high-heat-resistant steel alloy. In this figure the inserts are designated by reference numeral 2', the guide vane construction by reference numeral 1 and the ceramic body portion by 3. Furthermore, the ceramic body portions 3 or 4 may be secured Patented Dec. 29, 1964 t to the core memberZ in any suitable conventic nalimanner known in the prior art. 1

Thus, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment illustrated herein but is susceptible of many changes and modifications Without departing from the spirit and scope of the. present invention, and we, there-.

fore, do not wishto be limitedto the specific embodiment illustrated herein but. intendv to cover all such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1; A vane construction for flow devices. exposed to a relatively high temperature, especially for use as guide vanes in gas turbines, comprising an outer body portion made of ceramic material and forming the vane body,

said ceramic body portion being provided with recessv means, and metallic reinforcing insert means in said recess means for supporting thereon said ceramic body portion, said'ceramicouter body portion having a structure adapting said body portion to withstand heat shocks, "said structure comprising a plurality of lamina members having abutment surfaces abutting each other, said surfaces extending essentially transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of said body portion said lamina members being emplaced over said metallic reinforcing insert means.

2. A vane construction according to claim 1, wherein said reinforcing insert means is in the form of an approximately circular segment forming a supporting core, and wherein said plurality of lamina members are essentially identical and surround said supporting core.

3. A vane construction according to claim 2, wherein said supporting core is made of steel alloy retainingits yield strength at high temperatures.

4. A vane construction for flow devices exposed to a relatively high temperature, especially for use as a guide vane in a gas turbine, comprising an outer body portion, said outer body portion being provided interiorly thereof =with a recess, a core member in said recess comprising metallic reinforcing means, said core member being of the form of an approximately circular segment, the surfaces of said core member being complementary to the surfaces 'of the walls of said recess, said first-named and said second-named surfaces being in mutual contact, said outer body portion being made of ceramic material, means Y adapting said outer body portion to withstand heat shocks,

said last-named means being comprised by the structure of said outer body portion, said structure comprising a plurality of lamina members forming said outer body portion, saidlamina members having plane surfaces extending transversely of the longitudinal direction of. said core member, the said plane surfaces of adjacent lamina members being in mutual contact, said lamina members being positioned one above theother in said longitudinal direction and being essentially identical.

References Cited in thefile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims

1. A VANE CONSTRUCTION FOR FLOW DEVICES EXPOSED TO A RELATIVELY HIGH TEMPERATURE, ESPECIALLY FOR USE AS GUIDE VANES IN GAS TURBINES, COMPRISING AN OUTER BODY PORTION MADE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL AND FORMING THE VANE BODY, SAID CERAMIC BODY PORTION BEING PROVIDED WITH RECESS MEANS, AND METALLIC REINFORCING INSERT MEANS IN SAID RECESS MEANS FOR SUPPORTING THEREON SAID CERAMIC BODY PORTION, SAID CERAMIC OUTER BODY PORTION HAVING A STRUCTURE ADAPTING SAID BODY PORTION TO WITHSTAND HEAT SHOCKS, SAID STRUCTURE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF LAMINA MEMBERS HAVING ABUTMENT SURFACES ABUTTING EACH OTHER, SAID SURFACES EXTENDING ESSENTIALLY TRANSVERSELY WITH RESPECT TO THE LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OF SAID BODY PORTION SAID LAMINA MEMBERS BEING EMPLACED OVER SAID METALLIC REINFORCING INSERT MEANS.