US3161514A - Nonstaining photographic developers - Google Patents

Nonstaining photographic developers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3161514A
US3161514A US91622A US9162261A US3161514A US 3161514 A US3161514 A US 3161514A US 91622 A US91622 A US 91622A US 9162261 A US9162261 A US 9162261A US 3161514 A US3161514 A US 3161514A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
developer
photographic
kodak
chlororesorcinol
silver halide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US91622A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard W Henn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE614381D priority Critical patent/BE614381A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US91622A priority patent/US3161514A/en
Priority to FR888832A priority patent/FR1318885A/fr
Priority to GB7134/62A priority patent/GB984871A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3161514A publication Critical patent/US3161514A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
    • G03C5/305—Additives other than developers

Definitions

  • the formation of the stain is believed to be due to the deposition of dissolved silver halide around nucleating centers present in the emulsion.
  • the stain is usually metallic by reflected light, and yellow or brown by transmitted light, and may have considerable printing density.
  • the silver stain or scum is more likely to be produced in used photographic developers than in fresh photographic developers and becomes increasingly pronounced with extended developing times. Further, aged silver halide negative photographic films have a greater tendency to produce silver stain than the corresponding fresh silver halide negative photographic films.
  • a further object is to provide photographic developers containing an agent which prevents or greatly reduces silver stain.
  • Another object is to provide tine grain photographic developers of improved properties.
  • a further object is to provide a process for developing silverhalide negative emulsions, under conditions having considerable solvent action for silver halide, in the presence of an agent which effectively inhibits staining.
  • chlororesorcinol (1,3-dihydroxy- 4-chlorobenzene) elfectively inhibits the formation of silver stain which is frequently produced when high speed silver halide negative emulsions are developed under conditions having considerable solvent action for the silver halide.
  • chlororesorcinol inhibits or prevents the formation of silver stain which is ordinarily produced when high speed silver halide negative emulsions are de veloped in fine grain photographic developers which exert considerable solvent action for the silver halide.
  • the chlororesorcinol is normally added to the developer. However, it may be incorporated in the photographic emulsion. As the developer becomes exhausted it can be renewed by addition of developer-replenisher containing a suitable amount of chlororesorcinol.
  • the amount of chlororesorcinol used varies from about 0.05 to about 10.0 grams per liter of developing solution.
  • the preferred range is from about 0.1 to about 5.0 grams per liter of developing solution.
  • the addition of even the lowest concentration of the chlororeso-rcinol greatly reduces the intensity of the stain. Higher concentrations frequently entirely prevent staining.
  • resorcinol in a photographic developer is known. While tests made by me disclose that resorcinol shows antistain action chlororesorcinol is a much more powerful ant-istain agent. Similarly, the use of chlorohydroquinone (2 chloro 1,4-dihydroxybenzene) in a photographic developer is known. I have found that the antistaining action of chlorohydroquinone is weak relative to that of chlororesorcinol, and is approximately United States Patent 3,151,514 Patented ec. 15, 1964 der ordinary conditions of use. The outstanding antistaining action of chlororesorcinol could not have bee predicted from the prior art.
  • silver halide negative emulsions that can be advantageously developed in the presence of chlororesorcinol are the emulsions present in Kodak Panatomic-X, Kodak Verichrome Pan, Kodak Plus-X Pan, Kodak Tri-X Pan, Kodak Royal-X Pan, Ansco All- Weather Pan, Ansco Super Hypan, Ansco Superpan Press, Gevaert X-L Pan, Ilford HP3, ilford HPS and Ilford FF-3 photographic film. All of these photographic films have negative speed silver bromoiodide emulsions. They are merely illustrative and not limitative of the photo graphic films that can be developed with advantage in the presence of chlororesorcinol.
  • photographic films mentioned hereinbefore and other brands of photographic film corresponding thereto have high speed silver halide negative emulsions even though they vary greatly in their speed ratings.
  • chlororesorcinol as an ant-istaining agent is not restricted to any particular photographic developer or class of photographic developers. So far as I am aware it can be used with any of the known photographic developers.
  • the photographic developer solution can have the agents usually present therein, e.g. photographic developer, a preservative such as sodium sulfite and an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide or sodium cars bonate. Other ingredients such as potassium bromide, for example, can also be present.
  • Hydroquinone, paramethylaminophenol' sulfate,- paraphenylenediamine, paminophenol, 1 phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, 4,4-dirnethyl-lphenyl 3-pyrazolidone, l-phenyl-4-ethyl-3-pyrazolidone, 2,4-diaminophenol and pyrogallol are illustrative of the developing agents that can be employed.
  • Mixtures of developing agents such as hydroquinone and paramethylaminophenol sulfate, and 4,4 dimethyl-l-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and hydroquinone, for example, can be employed.
  • Sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, ethylenediamine, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, ethanolam-ine, diethanolamine, sodium thiosulfate and sodium sulfite are illustrative of the silver halide solvents that can be present during the development step.
  • EXAMPLE 1 tration of the chlororesorcinol increased.
  • the higher concentrations of chlororesorcinol (from about 0.2 gram upward) entirely prevented staining.
  • the replenished developer had very little or no scumming or staining propensity.
  • the unmodified Kodak Developer D-25 used as a control produced extremely dense scum or stain under the severe conditions of this test.
  • the scumming or staining pro pensity of the unmodified D-25 developer increased as the test proceeded.
  • Example 3 was repeated in part using a fresher sample of Kodak Royal Pan Film. A stain density of 0.03 was obtained using developer No. 1 whereas no stain was obtained using developer No. 2.
  • Example 3 was repeated in part using a sample of Kodak Royal Fan Film having a greater staining propensity than the film used in Example 4 but less than that in Example 3. A stain density of 0.08 was obtained using developer No. 1 whereas no stain was obtained using developer No. 2.
  • compositions of Kodak Developer DK-20, Kodak Replenisher DK-25R, Kodak Developer SD21 and Kodak Developer SD-28 are given hereinafter.
  • compositions of D-25, D-23, and D-76 are as follows:
  • a photographic developing solution containing (a) a silver halide photographic developer selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone, paramethylaminophenol sulfate, paraphenylenediamine, p-aminophenyl, 2,4-diaminophenol, pyrogallol and a 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone;
  • a photographic developing solution according to claim 1 containing from about 0.1 to about 5.0 grams of chlororesorcinol per liter of the developing solution.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US91622A 1961-02-27 1961-02-27 Nonstaining photographic developers Expired - Lifetime US3161514A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE614381D BE614381A (en)) 1961-02-27
US91622A US3161514A (en) 1961-02-27 1961-02-27 Nonstaining photographic developers
FR888832A FR1318885A (fr) 1961-02-27 1962-02-22 Nouveau révélateur photographique
GB7134/62A GB984871A (en) 1961-02-27 1962-02-23 Photographic developers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91622A US3161514A (en) 1961-02-27 1961-02-27 Nonstaining photographic developers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3161514A true US3161514A (en) 1964-12-15

Family

ID=22228772

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US91622A Expired - Lifetime US3161514A (en) 1961-02-27 1961-02-27 Nonstaining photographic developers

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3161514A (en))
BE (1) BE614381A (en))
GB (1) GB984871A (en))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3380828A (en) * 1965-08-02 1968-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Antistain agents for spectrally sensitized silver halide photographic elements
EP0124795A2 (en) 1983-04-11 1984-11-14 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic emulsion
WO2012035314A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper
WO2021213762A1 (en) 2020-04-24 2021-10-28 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3380828A (en) * 1965-08-02 1968-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Antistain agents for spectrally sensitized silver halide photographic elements
EP0124795A2 (en) 1983-04-11 1984-11-14 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic emulsion
WO2012035314A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper
WO2021213762A1 (en) 2020-04-24 2021-10-28 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB984871A (en) 1965-03-03
BE614381A (en))

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2592368A (en) Gelatine silver halide emulsion layer containing a dihydroxy diphenyl tanning developing agent
US2371740A (en) Developers containing silver halide solvents
CA1110483A (en) High contrast continuous tone developer containing hydroquinone, sulfite, organic azole antifogging agent and alkanolamine
CA1060697A (en) Processing solution for use as photographic developer bath and replenisher therefor
US3772018A (en) Azodicarbonamides as photographic bleaching agents
US2415666A (en) Ascorbic acid in photographic developing solutions
US3161514A (en) Nonstaining photographic developers
US3833378A (en) Developer composition for producing photographic materials for the graphic arts
US3161513A (en) Photographic developer compositions containing an antistain agent
JPS5837644A (ja) 露光剤写真用ハロゲン化銀ｘ線フィルムの自動処理法
US3512981A (en) Stable photographic developers containing ascorbic acid
US3212895A (en) Stability of rapid-processed photographic materials
GB926646A (en) Improvements in photographic half-tone reproduction
US3137574A (en) Stability of rapid-processed photographic prints
US2404774A (en) Photographic developing process
US2782120A (en) Combined developer and fixer
US3615529A (en) Rapid developing photographic materials containing arginine
US3708299A (en) Photographic developing method
US2397016A (en) Combined developer and fixer
US2882152A (en) High speed developers
US3632341A (en) Photographic developer
US3667952A (en) Color stabilization processing
US3021212A (en) Developers for photographic reversal processes
US2374921A (en) Photographic developer
JPH0311455B2 (en))