US3160533A - Heat treatment for the production of a low carbon steel sutable for deformation without cutting - Google Patents

Heat treatment for the production of a low carbon steel sutable for deformation without cutting Download PDF

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Publication number
US3160533A
US3160533A US93636A US9363661A US3160533A US 3160533 A US3160533 A US 3160533A US 93636 A US93636 A US 93636A US 9363661 A US9363661 A US 9363661A US 3160533 A US3160533 A US 3160533A
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United States
Prior art keywords
profile
deformation
cutting
deep drawing
surface profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US93636A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fischer Fritz
Schmitt-Thomas Karlheinz
Seul Vincenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rasselstein AG
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Rasselstein AG
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Publication date
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0473—Final recrystallisation annealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/227—Surface roughening or texturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/42—Induction heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0457—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0478—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing involving a particular surface treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the action of the micro-surface on the drawing operation is composed of the following components:
  • the geometrical form and composition of the surface profile rnust comprise as large a number as possible at uniformly distributed narrow peaks such that with increasing distance of the profile section from the envelope the increase in the load-bearing portion (fraction) is relatively small.
  • the material of the surface profile must have such a good capability for deformation, i.e., must have suitably low values of yield point, strength and hardness, such that at the pressure employed the tool penetrates relatively deeply into the surface profile, this pressure is taken up by a plurality of substantially uniformly distributed peaks which are flattened by the deformation, and the forces required for drawing the two surface profiles under pressure one through the other are relatively small.
  • substantiallyonly the surface profile is treated, without affecting the underlying material, so that this surface profile becomes more suitable for deformation due to reduction in hardness, strength and yield point.
  • This treatment may advantageously be effected by subjecting the surface profile and, if desired, the layer which is bounded by the surface profile, to a short heat treatment such that the heat penetrating into the underlying material causes no change therein.
  • this heat application may advantageously be effected by using inductive heating at suitable high frequency and in certain cases also by high frequency resistance heating.
  • the desired effect on the surface profile can be produced by high frequency inductive heating with a frequency value of 0.5 megacycle and a high frequency power of 30 kilowatts, the duration of treatment being from 0.01 second to 0.1 second.
  • the efiects can be verified by X-ray analysis. These results were obtained with a soft sheet metal, that is, low carbon steel, for deep drawing of 0.01182 inch (0.3 mm.) to 0.01965 inch (0.5 mm.) thickness.
  • a soft sheet metal that is, low carbon steel
  • FIG. 1 shows seven various surface profiles with corresponding maximum roughness value R and mean arithmetic roughness value R
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show two different surface profiles with a tool or punch in contact with them
  • FIG. 4 shows curves related to the load-bearing portions of the profiles shown in FIG. 1. 7
  • the surface profiles 5, 6 and 7 show a plurality of sub- 3 stantially uniformly distributed slender peaks.
  • the surface of a tool which is brought into contact with the profiles 5, 6 and 7 meets with peaks at a relatively large number of places which peaks when the pressure on application is increased flatten out and permit the surface of the tool to sink further into the profile with a corresponding enlargement of the load-bearing surface elements.
  • FIG. 2 It is apparent that the tool 8 sinks relatively deeply into the surface profile which corresponds say to the profile 6 or 7 i.e., by the amount s, the load-bearing surface elements being approximately uniformly distributed over the surface.
  • the extent of penetration s in the case of the surface profile shown in FIG. 3, which may correspond to the profile 3 of FIG. 1, is relatively small since the applied tool 8 immediately encounters large load-bearing surface elements 9a which in accordance with the nature of this profile are less uniformly distributed over the whole surface.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 correspond in FIG. 1 to the distance a between profile section and envelope.
  • FIG. 4 shows the load-bearing fraction in relation to this distance a.
  • the curves 1 to 7 correspond to the profiles 1 to '7 shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows that in the case of the surface profiles 1 and 2 with a small distance a, i.e., with low penetration of the tool, the load-bearing fractions are high, whereas in the case of the profiles 5, 6 and 7 the same load-bearing fractions are obtained only for an appreciably large distance a, that is to say with a longer distance of penetration.
  • the profiles to 7 have the above-described desired surface characteristic, since with increasing distance of the profile section from the envelope the increase in the load-bearing fraction is relatively small.
  • sheet metal for deep drawing has its surface profile imparted to it by the final rolling operation. This causes strengthening of the surface profile, viZ., a raising of the yield point and an increase in the hardness and strength of the surface profile relative to the underlying material, so that this rolling operation impairs the surface characteristic (component 2 of the abovementioned characteristic). If new the process according to the invention is used then not only is the strengthening of the surface that was causedby the rolling operation above but in some cases the surface profile has its capability for deformation increased and improved relative to the underlying material.
  • the surface profile of sheet metal is obtained as a negative impression of the roller surface during the final rolling operation.
  • the rollers In order to obtain a negative impression corresponding to the surface profiles 5-7 in. FIG. 1 the rollers must be accordingly treated with a blasting material.
  • a blasting material consisting of relatively fine and small grains is required, this material being projected on the roller surface at a high speed, i.e., with a high kinetic energy.
  • the treatment of the material suitable for deformation without cutting, in particular for deep drawing, in accordance with the invention can be eifected not only by the action of heat but if desired in other ways, e.g., by chemical treatment of the surface profile.
  • a process for treating a sheet of low carbon steel so as to make it suitable for deformation without cutting, particularly by deep drawing and pressing operations which comprises: subjecting the sheet steel to high frequency, induction heating for a period of time not substantially in excess of 0.1 second so that the heating effect is confined substantially to the surface profile of the sheet steel whereby the hardness, strength and yield point of the surface profile are lowered and the remainder of the sheet steel is substantially unaffected.
  • a process for treating a sheet of low carbon steel so as to make it suitable for deformation without cutting, particularly by deep drawing and pressing operations which comprises: providing sheet steel having a surface profile composed of as large a number as possible of uniformly distributed, slender peaks; subjecting the sheet steel to high frequency induction heating, the induction heating being carried out at a frequency of about .5 megacycle, at a power of about 30 kilowatts for from about 0.01 second to 0.1 second, so that the heating effect is confined substantially to the surface profile of the sheet steel whereby the hardness, strength and yield point of the surface profile are lowered and the remainder of the sheet steel is substantially unaffected.
  • A'process for treating a sheet of low carbon steel so as to make it suitable for deformation without cutting, particularly by deep drawing and pressing operations which comprises: providing sheet steel having a surface profile composed of as large a number as possible of uniformly distributed, slender peaks, the maximum roughness value of the surface profile being between 6.2 and 8.9 microns and the mean arithmetic roughness value of the surface profile being between 0.9 and 1.2 microns; subjecting the sheet steel to high frequency induction heating for a period of time not substantially in excess of 0.1 second so that the heating effect is confined substantially to the surface profile of the sheet steel whereby the hardness, strength and yield point of the surface'profile are loweredand the remainder of the sheet steel is substantially unaffected.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US93636A 1960-03-08 1961-03-06 Heat treatment for the production of a low carbon steel sutable for deformation without cutting Expired - Lifetime US3160533A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEST16207A DE1211236B (de) 1960-03-08 1960-03-08 Verfahren zur Erzielung einer besseren spanlosen Verformbarkeit, insbesondere beim Tiefziehen und Stanzen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3160533A true US3160533A (en) 1964-12-08

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US93636A Expired - Lifetime US3160533A (en) 1960-03-08 1961-03-06 Heat treatment for the production of a low carbon steel sutable for deformation without cutting

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3160533A (forum.php)
BE (1) BE601099A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE1211236B (forum.php)
GB (1) GB967199A (forum.php)
NL (2) NL121568C (forum.php)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102665951A (zh) * 2009-12-21 2012-09-12 住友金属工业株式会社 冷拔用管坯及其制造方法以及冷拔管的制造方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2679466A (en) * 1952-04-16 1954-05-25 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Surface decarburization of carboncontaining alloys
US3099592A (en) * 1960-01-11 1963-07-30 British Iron Steel Research Process of annealing low carbon steel

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2679466A (en) * 1952-04-16 1954-05-25 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Surface decarburization of carboncontaining alloys
US3099592A (en) * 1960-01-11 1963-07-30 British Iron Steel Research Process of annealing low carbon steel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102665951A (zh) * 2009-12-21 2012-09-12 住友金属工业株式会社 冷拔用管坯及其制造方法以及冷拔管的制造方法
US8671727B2 (en) * 2009-12-21 2014-03-18 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Methods for producing blank tube for cold drawing and for producing cold drawn tube
CN102665951B (zh) * 2009-12-21 2015-02-11 新日铁住金株式会社 冷拔用管坯及其制造方法以及冷拔管的制造方法

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Publication number Publication date
GB967199A (en) 1964-08-19
DE1211236B (de) 1966-02-24
BE601099A (fr) 1961-07-03
NL262144A (forum.php) 1900-01-01
NL121568C (forum.php) 1966-07-15

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