US3153743A - Electron collector for travelling wave tubes and the like - Google Patents

Electron collector for travelling wave tubes and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3153743A
US3153743A US117076A US11707661A US3153743A US 3153743 A US3153743 A US 3153743A US 117076 A US117076 A US 117076A US 11707661 A US11707661 A US 11707661A US 3153743 A US3153743 A US 3153743A
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United States
Prior art keywords
collector
electron
hollow space
magnetic field
travelling wave
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Expired - Lifetime
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US117076A
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English (en)
Inventor
Meyerer Paul
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Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with an electron collector for travelling wave tubes and the like, comprising means forming a hollow space for receiving the electron beam, and a diaphragm for closing said beam-receiving space toward the discharge space of the tube.
  • Previously known collectors usually consist of a metal part forming an elongated tubular hollow space into which the electron beam enters after passing through the discharge space.
  • This hollow space is free of e ectric and magnetic fields. Owing to its space charge, the elec tron beam diverges within the hollow space, so that the electrons are uniformly distributed over the inner wall of the collector.
  • the hollow space is by means of a diaphragm closed toward the discharge space in order to prevent reentry of secondary electrons into the latter.
  • the direct voltage on the trap is usually lower than the voltage lying on the system parts of the amplifier portion of the tube, for example, on the delay line, so as to decrease losses at the trap.
  • the hollow space must be relatively long so as to obtain a sufficiently great divergence of the electron beam, thereby avoiding going beyond the permissible loading of the collector wall by the electron impact.
  • High capacity travelling wave tubes or high capacity klystrons require a length of the collector which reaches the limit of constructional possibilities. It was moreover found that it is impossible, despite the diaphragm which delimits the hollow space and despite the great length of the hollow space, to prevent exit from the collector of the fast secondary electrons which are released at the base thereof.
  • the problem concerning the secondary electrons is particularly critical in the case of collectors which are, for the reduction of the loss effect, provided with a lower direct potential than, for example, the delay line, since the secondary electrons leaving the collector are accelerated.
  • the magnetic field is moreover operative with respect to the secondary electrons which are released at the side wall of the hollow space, affecting the secondary electrons so that they practically cannot leave the collector wall.
  • the fast secondary electrons which are released at the base of the collector are deflected by the magnetic field so that they impact the diaphragm which terminates the hollow space or the side wall thereof. An emission of secondary elec trons into the discharge space of the tube is thus entirely prevented.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of a travelling wave tube at the collector end thereof which is constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-B of FIG. 1, indicating the magnetic field course
  • FIG. 3 represents an embodiment of a collector for tubes of average capacity, requiring only relatively slight divergence of the electron beams
  • FIG. 4 shows a collector comprising in accordance with the invention a metal tube made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the pot-shaped collector 1 shown in FIG. 1 is by means of an intermediate tubular glass member 2 fused to a disk-shaped metal ring 3 which is made, for example, of Kovar.
  • This metal ring 3 terminates the discharge vessel 4 which delimits the discharge space and serves for holding the delay line 5.
  • An electron beam 6 which is within the delay line 5 guided in bunched manner throughout the length of the discharge space, reaches the interior of the collector 1 through the opening of the metal ring 3 and through the aperature of the diaphragm 7 which closes the pot-shaped collector toward the discharge space.
  • Outside of the collector 1 are disposed in star formation a plurality, for example, four rod shaped permanent magnets 8, the magnetic axes of which are, as shown in FIG.
  • a collector according to FIG. 3 is for such tubes particularly suitable.
  • the base of this collector which is likewise pot-shaped, is made of non-magnetic material and the side wall 11 as Well as diaphragm which terminates the collector with respect to the discharge space, are made of magnetic material.
  • At least two rod-shaped magnets 12 are disposed outside of the base of the collector.
  • a ring magnet with radial magnetization may of course be used in place of the magnets 12.
  • the poles disposed adjacent to the radiation axis are of the same polarity, resulting in a magnetic course as indicated by the arrows 13, which produces the indicated divergence or widening of the electron beam 6.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a collector structure comprising a metal bushing 14 made of ferromagnetic material, in which is disposed, at the end thereof facing away from the discharge space, a ring magnet 15 with radial magnetization.
  • a cone shaped member 16 projecting into the hollow space of the collector forms the magnetic counter pole with respect to the metallic bushing 14.
  • the resulting magnetic field line course indicated by the arrows 17 produces again a widening of the electron beam 6.
  • the metal bushing 14 is surrounded by a copper tubing 18 which may be provided with fins or the like, so as to facilitate the radiation of the heat produced at the collector.
  • the ring magnet 15 is protected against electron impact by a copper ring 19 disposed upon the conical member 16.
  • the invention is not inherently limited to the examples illustrated in the drawing as it may be advantageously used in connection with other travelling wave tubes and the like, operating with a bunched or focused electron beam. It is merely important that there is within the hollow electron beam-receiving space of the collector a magnetic field with a substantially purely radially oriented field line course.
  • An electron collector for a travelling wave tube and the like comprising means forming a pot-shaped collector having a hollow space which receives the electron radia-' tion beam and having a diaphragm for closing such beam receiving space toward the discharge space of the tube, magnetic field-producing means disposed eXteriorly of but adjacent to said collector and forming opposite magnetic poles which are radially spaced and symmetrically disposed relative to the electron radiation axis, forming a magnetic field within the hollow space which has a field line course which is oriented radially to all sides and thereby free of a magnetic field having a field line course oriented parallel to the electron radiation axis whereby a rotary motion is imparted to the electrons of the radiation beam, with the resulting centrifugal force thereon being operative to produce a rapid divergence of said beam within the collector.
  • said collector comprises a pot-shaped body made of non-magnetic material and forming said hollow space, and permanent magnet means for producing said magnetic field disposed outside of said body adjacent the side walls thereof.
  • said collector comprises a pot-shaped body made of non-magnetic material and forming said hollow space, and four permanent magnets arranged in star-formation outside about the outside wall of said body.
  • said collector comprises a pot-shaped body made of non-magnetic material and forming said hollow space, four permanent magnets arranged in star-formation outside about the outside wall of said body, and getter material disposed upon the inner wall of the base of said hollow space.
  • said collector comprises a body having a side wall and a base wall forming said hollow space, said side wall being made of magnetic material and said base wall being made of non-magnetic material, and radially oriented magnet means disposed adjacent said base wall outside thereof.
  • said magnet means comprises at least two rod-shaped magnets with radially oriented magnetic axes.
  • said collector comprises a metal bushing made of ferromagnetic material, said metal bushing containing, at the end thereof which faces away from the discharge space, a radially magnetized ring magnet inserted therein coaxially with the electron beam axis, and a cone shaped member projecting from said magnet inwardly into said hollow space.
  • An arrangement according to claim 8 comprising a copper sleeve surrounding at least the part of said metal bushing which is subjected to electron impact, and a copper ring carried by said cone shaped member and engaging said ring magnet.
  • An arrangement according to claim 1 comprising an intermediate tubular glass sleeve fused at one end to a metal disk which terminates the discharge vessel of the tube and fused at the other end to said collector for bolding such collector in assigned position with respect to said vessel.

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US117076A 1960-09-20 1961-06-14 Electron collector for travelling wave tubes and the like Expired - Lifetime US3153743A (en)

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DE3153743X 1960-09-20

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NL (1) NL266512A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3297907A (en) * 1963-06-13 1967-01-10 Varian Associates Electron tube with collector having magnetic field associated therewith, said field causing electron dispersion throughout the collector
US3394282A (en) * 1964-07-23 1968-07-23 Philips Corp Electron beam discharge with periodic permanent magnet focussing
US3450930A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-06-17 Varian Associates Permanent magnet focused linear beam tube employing a compensating magnet structure between the main magnet and the beam collector
US3780336A (en) * 1972-08-24 1973-12-18 Varian Associates High power beam tube having depressed potential collector containing field-shaping probe
US3930182A (en) * 1973-06-30 1975-12-30 Licentia Gmbh Traveling-wave tube having improved electron collector
US4099133A (en) * 1976-02-05 1978-07-04 English Electric Valve Company Limited Klystron amplifiers
US4387323A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-06-07 Varian Associates, Inc. Permanent magnet structure for linear-beam electron tubes
US4621219A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-11-04 Varian Associates, Inc. Electron beam scrambler
WO1998019323A1 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-05-07 University Of Maryland Multi-stage depressed collector for small orbit gyrotrons
DE102012100132A1 (de) * 2012-01-10 2013-07-11 Thales Air Systems & Electron Devices Gmbh Auffänger für eine Wanderfeldröhre und Wanderfeldröhre mit einem solchen Auffänger

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2220556A (en) * 1939-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2853641A (en) * 1955-01-20 1958-09-23 Gen Electric Electron beam and wave energy interaction device
US2955225A (en) * 1958-05-02 1960-10-04 Rca Corp Electron collector
US3012170A (en) * 1958-08-29 1961-12-05 Eitel Mccullough Inc Charged particle beam modulating means and method
US3067347A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-04 High Voltage Engineering Corp Reduction in tandem loading

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2220556A (en) * 1939-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2853641A (en) * 1955-01-20 1958-09-23 Gen Electric Electron beam and wave energy interaction device
US2955225A (en) * 1958-05-02 1960-10-04 Rca Corp Electron collector
US3012170A (en) * 1958-08-29 1961-12-05 Eitel Mccullough Inc Charged particle beam modulating means and method
US3067347A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-04 High Voltage Engineering Corp Reduction in tandem loading

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3297907A (en) * 1963-06-13 1967-01-10 Varian Associates Electron tube with collector having magnetic field associated therewith, said field causing electron dispersion throughout the collector
US3394282A (en) * 1964-07-23 1968-07-23 Philips Corp Electron beam discharge with periodic permanent magnet focussing
US3450930A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-06-17 Varian Associates Permanent magnet focused linear beam tube employing a compensating magnet structure between the main magnet and the beam collector
US3780336A (en) * 1972-08-24 1973-12-18 Varian Associates High power beam tube having depressed potential collector containing field-shaping probe
US3930182A (en) * 1973-06-30 1975-12-30 Licentia Gmbh Traveling-wave tube having improved electron collector
US4099133A (en) * 1976-02-05 1978-07-04 English Electric Valve Company Limited Klystron amplifiers
US4387323A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-06-07 Varian Associates, Inc. Permanent magnet structure for linear-beam electron tubes
US4621219A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-11-04 Varian Associates, Inc. Electron beam scrambler
WO1998019323A1 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-05-07 University Of Maryland Multi-stage depressed collector for small orbit gyrotrons
US5780970A (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-07-14 University Of Maryland Multi-stage depressed collector for small orbit gyrotrons
DE102012100132A1 (de) * 2012-01-10 2013-07-11 Thales Air Systems & Electron Devices Gmbh Auffänger für eine Wanderfeldröhre und Wanderfeldröhre mit einem solchen Auffänger
WO2013104637A1 (de) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Thales Air Systems & Electron Devices Gmbh Auffänger für eine wanderfeldröhre und wanderfeldröhre mit einem solchen auffänger

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