US3153510A - Rock-tunneling apparatus - Google Patents

Rock-tunneling apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3153510A
US3153510A US92277A US9227761A US3153510A US 3153510 A US3153510 A US 3153510A US 92277 A US92277 A US 92277A US 9227761 A US9227761 A US 9227761A US 3153510 A US3153510 A US 3153510A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
holder
platform
nozzle
concrete
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US92277A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brannfors Sten Harald
Alberts Claes Yngve Hjalmar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Skanska AB
Original Assignee
Skanska Cementgjuteriet AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skanska Cementgjuteriet AB filed Critical Skanska Cementgjuteriet AB
Priority to US312666A priority Critical patent/US3224203A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3153510A publication Critical patent/US3153510A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete

Definitions

  • This invention relates toan apparatus for coating a surface ⁇ with a concrete binder, ⁇ and more particularly for coating with concrete, the arched roof of a rock tunnel freshly exposed by blasting, as the excavation of such tunnel progresses.
  • the apparatus is mainly characterised in that a concrete projection device is mounted on a platform and has a nozzle whose distance from the platform is adjustable and which is turnable in relation to the platform.
  • the concrete projection or spraying device includes a rod-like, extensible, nozzle holder which is pivotal about a first axis substantially perpendicular to the platform and also about a second axis which is perpendicular to said first axis, the nozzle being pivotally mounted on the holder about axes parallel to and perpendicular to that of the holder.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing is a vertical longitudinal section through a tunnel and a concrete spraying apparatus in operation.
  • FIG. 2 shows the concrete applying apparatus in a side elevation.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes the temporary face in the tunnel.
  • the reference numeral 2 denotes the muck after a salvo has just been ired, and by means of which a part L has been blasted.
  • the front part of the tunnel has in the above described manner been provided with a protective arched roof 3, which constitutes a protective covering against a fall and which is for example about 10 to l5 cm. thick.
  • a protective arched roof 3 which constitutes a protective covering against a fall and which is for example about 10 to l5 cm. thick.
  • a holder 7 for a concrete supply nozzle 8 is swingably mounted in a horizontal plane on a post 6 on the platform.
  • the nozzle extends substantially radially in relation to the holder 7, which is preferably telescopically extendible, so that the nozzle can be swung in the vertical plane. These movements are controlled by a worker on the platform or from the vehicle 4 or the like.
  • the spray nozzle may be of a type known per se.
  • the dry components of the mixture are supplied through a pipe 9 and water is supplied at the nozzle.
  • the platform is carried by an arm it) swingably mounted on the support 4 and a parallelogram linkage l1 similarly mounted so that the platform can, by a hydraulic cylinder l2, be moved upwardly and parallel to itself.
  • the platform, concrete spray nozzle and the parts which support the latter are shown in a larger scale in FIG. 2.
  • the post 6 consists of a lower part 20 xed to the platform and a part 2x1 mounted on the part Z0 and rotatable about a vertical axis.
  • a hydraulic cylinder for moving a piston rod 22 vertically; on the upper end of the piston rod 22 the long holder 7 is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis 23 to swing in a vertical plane.
  • a fitting 24 is xed to the rear end ofthe holder 7, and a rod 26 is pivotally attached to the latter tting and the upper part 21 of the post.
  • the holder 7 consists of an outer part 27 and an inner part 28 longitudinally movable in the outer part; the
  • ICC spray nozzle 8 is mounted at the front end of the inner part 28.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 29 having a piston rod 3i) is mounted between the parts 27, 28 and is operative to move telescopically the inner part 28 of the holder forwardly and rearwardly in the part 27.
  • the nozzle is mounted in a bracket 31, which is by means of a pin 32 pivotally connected to a rod 33.
  • the rod 33 is rotatably mounted in a head 34 on the holder part 28 so that the arm 33 and nozzle are swingable about the longitudinal axis of the holder 27, 28.
  • the swinging can be effected by means of hydraulic turning device, known per se. mounted in the head 34.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 37 is swingable about a pin 36 on an arm 35 which projects radially from the arm 33, and the piston rod 38 is pivotally connected to the bracket below the latters swinging axis 32 on the rod 33.
  • the pipes by means of which the pressure medium is supplied to and conducted away from the hydraulically operating devices in the head 34 and to the cylinder 37 are designated by 40 and 41.
  • FIG. 2 shows also the pipe 9 through which the solid dry components of the cement mixture are supplied to the nozzle. They are forced through the pipes by compressed air.
  • 45 denotes a pipe for water which is supplied to the nozzle S at the same time as the dry components and which is mixed with the latter immediately before they are sprayed out through the nozzle. This is necessary with quick setting concrete mixtures and is known per se.
  • Such devices are called cement-gun pneumatic placing machines.
  • the nozzle can, by means of the apparatus described, be moved to and fro along the arched roof in the tunnel, and can be directed to the side or upwardly and in addition forwardly or rearwardly so that the jet of cement mixture emerging from the nozzle can be directed towards every point on the arched roof in the tunnel and in between the wedged stones in the roof so that the latter are rapidly bonded to each other to prevent them falling down.
  • the part of the natural roof along the length L spaced from the muck is now coated by the spraying apparatus with a thin film of preferably quick setting concrete, and the whole surface should be covered as rapidly as practicable.
  • the supplementary coating with concrete is then effected as described above. The latter can be completed within for example three hours so that the apparatus can be removed and the removal of the muck started.
  • the protective roof is thin in relation to completed load carrying concrete lining, which in the methods hitherto used have covered the roof L, the lining presents less obstacle to drilling at the edges of the face 1, so that the drill holes may make a smaller angle with the longitudinal axis of the tunnel.
  • the saw tooth longitudinal section which the wall of the tunnel normally has may now be less marked, and consequently material for completion lling is saved in this respect also.
  • An apparatus for applying a concrete coating to a surface comprising a movable platform and a concrete spraying device which is mounted on said platform, said spraying device comprising a rod-like extensible holder which is pivotal about a first axis substantially perpendicular to said platform and about a second axis perpendicular to said iirst axis, a spray nozzle pivotally mounted at the free end of said holder about axes o o parallel to that of the holder and perpendicular to that of the holder, and fluid pressure-driven means, adjustable from said platform, for adjusting said nozzle around said axes.
  • the rodlike extensible holder comprises an elongated outer holder part 27 and a telescoping inner holder part 28, and in which a hydraulic piston means 29, 30 is operatively attached to parts 27 and 28 for telescopically moving part 27 within part 28.
  • spray nozzle 8 is supported by a bracket 31 rockable about an axis 32 perpendicular to, and supported by an arm 33 which is parallel to, the holder 27, 28, said spray nozzle being rotatably mounted on the end of said holder, said K arm 33 having a lateral projection 35 on which is pivotally mounted a hydraulic cylinder 37, the piston rod 38 of which cylinder is pivotally connected tothe bracket 31.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US92277A 1960-03-04 1961-02-28 Rock-tunneling apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3153510A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US312666A US3224203A (en) 1961-02-28 1963-09-30 Method of driving tunnels in rock

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE223160A SE227828C1 (fr) 1960-03-04 1960-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3153510A true US3153510A (en) 1964-10-20

Family

ID=20259596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US92277A Expired - Lifetime US3153510A (en) 1960-03-04 1961-02-28 Rock-tunneling apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3153510A (fr)
CH (1) CH386474A (fr)
ES (1) ES265352A1 (fr)
FI (2) FI53151C (fr)
GB (2) GB963403A (fr)
SE (1) SE227828C1 (fr)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3473737A (en) * 1966-03-09 1969-10-21 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for gunning refractory material having adjustable nozzle positioning means
US3514038A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-05-26 Ag Chem Equipment Co Adjustable spray unit
US3531054A (en) * 1968-06-21 1970-09-29 Skanska Cementgjuteriet Ab Apparatus for applying a sprayable material to a surface,e.g. a rock wall
US3599871A (en) * 1969-07-08 1971-08-17 Goodrich Co B F Jet spray tank cleaner
US3830339A (en) * 1972-06-30 1974-08-20 Simon Eng Dudley Ltd Access equipment
US3833175A (en) * 1972-02-29 1974-09-03 Stabilator Ab Mobile-platform-supported device for the application of a sprayable material to a surface
US3943688A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-03-16 Billings Thomas A Harvesting machine
US4064656A (en) * 1975-06-10 1977-12-27 Alfred Gutmann Gesellschaft Fur Maschinenbau Device for blasting large and bulky workpieces
US4156503A (en) * 1976-06-01 1979-05-29 Stabilator Ab Method and a device for swivelling a spray nozzle about a swivelling axis
US4220170A (en) * 1979-07-30 1980-09-02 Hebert Chris J Apparatus for cleaning large tank interiors
US4565321A (en) * 1981-12-08 1986-01-21 Godtfred Vestergaard Vehicle for deicing aircraft
US4805653A (en) * 1985-09-09 1989-02-21 Serv-Tech, Inc. Mobile articulatable tube bundle cleaner
US5018544A (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-05-28 Ohmstede Mechanical Services, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning heat exchanger tube bundles
US5070964A (en) * 1991-03-04 1991-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration End effector with astronaut foot restraint
US5113969A (en) * 1991-05-10 1992-05-19 Centre De Recherche Industrielle Du Quebec Displaceable working platform with extensible boom
US6206016B1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2001-03-27 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition Inc. Spray cleaner for interior surface of pipeline
US6341665B1 (en) 1999-09-13 2002-01-29 Grove U.S. L.L.C. Retractable counterweight for straight-boom aerial work platform
US6418947B1 (en) 1998-07-30 2002-07-16 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition, Inc. Scarifier for interior surface of pipeline
US6550486B2 (en) 1998-07-30 2003-04-22 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition, Inc. Apparatus for scarifying the interior surface of a pipeline
US20040025912A1 (en) * 1998-07-30 2004-02-12 Macneil Gerard Scarifier for the interior surface of a pipeline
CN101396682B (zh) * 2007-09-28 2010-09-15 刘乐贺 一种用于喷涂的智能臂机构
CN106979022A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-07-25 中国矿业大学 一种巷道履带式喷浆机器人

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1147546A (en) * 1915-01-18 1915-07-20 Frank B Rees Tar-spreader.
US1583772A (en) * 1923-12-12 1926-05-11 Jacob B Blaw Portable fire-hose-nozzle support
US1835132A (en) * 1929-04-22 1931-12-08 Max Rosenthal Fire apparatus
US2176891A (en) * 1934-04-26 1939-10-24 John M Crom Method of coating passages
US2297099A (en) * 1940-02-08 1942-09-29 John M Crom Tunnel lining machine
US2429045A (en) * 1945-09-12 1947-10-14 Kenneth C Bellows Tunnel lining and method of forming the same
US2750155A (en) * 1952-02-18 1956-06-12 Rogers Iron Works Company Hydraulic jib arm for drilling machines
US2895299A (en) * 1955-06-24 1959-07-21 American Marietta Co Method of constructing tunnels
US2998861A (en) * 1957-12-06 1961-09-05 Edgar A Hotchkiss Orchard crane
US3016201A (en) * 1959-12-15 1962-01-09 I M Tiffin Tunnel cleaning machine
US3043395A (en) * 1961-06-02 1962-07-10 Ellis W Volkel Mechanized ladder device

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1147546A (en) * 1915-01-18 1915-07-20 Frank B Rees Tar-spreader.
US1583772A (en) * 1923-12-12 1926-05-11 Jacob B Blaw Portable fire-hose-nozzle support
US1835132A (en) * 1929-04-22 1931-12-08 Max Rosenthal Fire apparatus
US2176891A (en) * 1934-04-26 1939-10-24 John M Crom Method of coating passages
US2297099A (en) * 1940-02-08 1942-09-29 John M Crom Tunnel lining machine
US2429045A (en) * 1945-09-12 1947-10-14 Kenneth C Bellows Tunnel lining and method of forming the same
US2750155A (en) * 1952-02-18 1956-06-12 Rogers Iron Works Company Hydraulic jib arm for drilling machines
US2895299A (en) * 1955-06-24 1959-07-21 American Marietta Co Method of constructing tunnels
US2998861A (en) * 1957-12-06 1961-09-05 Edgar A Hotchkiss Orchard crane
US3016201A (en) * 1959-12-15 1962-01-09 I M Tiffin Tunnel cleaning machine
US3043395A (en) * 1961-06-02 1962-07-10 Ellis W Volkel Mechanized ladder device

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3473737A (en) * 1966-03-09 1969-10-21 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for gunning refractory material having adjustable nozzle positioning means
US3514038A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-05-26 Ag Chem Equipment Co Adjustable spray unit
US3531054A (en) * 1968-06-21 1970-09-29 Skanska Cementgjuteriet Ab Apparatus for applying a sprayable material to a surface,e.g. a rock wall
US3599871A (en) * 1969-07-08 1971-08-17 Goodrich Co B F Jet spray tank cleaner
US3833175A (en) * 1972-02-29 1974-09-03 Stabilator Ab Mobile-platform-supported device for the application of a sprayable material to a surface
US3830339A (en) * 1972-06-30 1974-08-20 Simon Eng Dudley Ltd Access equipment
US3943688A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-03-16 Billings Thomas A Harvesting machine
US4064656A (en) * 1975-06-10 1977-12-27 Alfred Gutmann Gesellschaft Fur Maschinenbau Device for blasting large and bulky workpieces
US4156503A (en) * 1976-06-01 1979-05-29 Stabilator Ab Method and a device for swivelling a spray nozzle about a swivelling axis
US4220170A (en) * 1979-07-30 1980-09-02 Hebert Chris J Apparatus for cleaning large tank interiors
WO1981000363A1 (fr) * 1979-07-30 1981-02-19 C Sweat Appareil de nettoyage interne de reservoirs de grandes dimensions
US4565321A (en) * 1981-12-08 1986-01-21 Godtfred Vestergaard Vehicle for deicing aircraft
US4805653A (en) * 1985-09-09 1989-02-21 Serv-Tech, Inc. Mobile articulatable tube bundle cleaner
US4856545A (en) * 1985-09-09 1989-08-15 Serv-Tech, Inc. Multi-lange tube bundle cleaner
EP0430306A1 (fr) * 1985-09-09 1991-06-05 Serv-Tech, Inc. Dispositif de nettoyage librement articulé pour des faisceaux de tubes
US5018544A (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-05-28 Ohmstede Mechanical Services, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning heat exchanger tube bundles
US5070964A (en) * 1991-03-04 1991-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration End effector with astronaut foot restraint
US5113969A (en) * 1991-05-10 1992-05-19 Centre De Recherche Industrielle Du Quebec Displaceable working platform with extensible boom
US6206016B1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2001-03-27 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition Inc. Spray cleaner for interior surface of pipeline
US20040025912A1 (en) * 1998-07-30 2004-02-12 Macneil Gerard Scarifier for the interior surface of a pipeline
US6418947B1 (en) 1998-07-30 2002-07-16 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition, Inc. Scarifier for interior surface of pipeline
US6550486B2 (en) 1998-07-30 2003-04-22 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition, Inc. Apparatus for scarifying the interior surface of a pipeline
US7128074B2 (en) 1998-07-30 2006-10-31 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition, Inc. Scarifier for the interior surface of a pipeline
USRE44518E1 (en) 1998-07-30 2013-10-08 Mac & Mac Hydrodemolition Inc. Method of scarifying an interior surface of a pipeline
US6341665B1 (en) 1999-09-13 2002-01-29 Grove U.S. L.L.C. Retractable counterweight for straight-boom aerial work platform
CN101396682B (zh) * 2007-09-28 2010-09-15 刘乐贺 一种用于喷涂的智能臂机构
CN106979022A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-07-25 中国矿业大学 一种巷道履带式喷浆机器人

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB963402A (en) 1964-07-08
SE227828C1 (fr) 1973-04-03
FI53151B (fr) 1977-10-31
ES265352A1 (es) 1961-06-16
FI53151C (fr) 1978-02-10
FI41165B (fr) 1969-06-02
GB963403A (en) 1964-07-08
CH386474A (de) 1965-01-15

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