US3152198A - Method for continuous pouring of concrete - Google Patents

Description

c. l. WILLIAMS 3,152,198

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS POURING 0F CONCRETE 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 6, 1964 Filed Feb. 23, 1961 47 ELL.

Cgesfer K W/Y/iams 1B. A ffor ney Oct 6, 1964 c. l. WILLIAMS METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS POURING OF CONCRETE 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 23, 1961 IN VEN TOR. Ch esfer Williams Oct. 6, 1964 c. l. WILLIAMS 3,152,198

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS POURING OF CONCRETE Filed Feb. 23, 1961 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 ill-i.

INVENTOR.

C/ggsfer Wi/h'ams Afforney Oct. 6, 1964 c. 1. WILLIAMS 3,152,198

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS POURING 0F CONCRETE Filed Feb. 23, 1961 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN V EN TOR:

1;. 4 Affornq C Qesfer WlY/fams Oct. 6, 1964 c. l. WILLIAMS 3,152,198

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS POURING OF CONCRETE Filed Feb. 23, 1961 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 B. 7 W Afforn j Oct. 6, 1964 c. l. WILLIAMS 3,152,198

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS POURING OF CONCRETE Filed Feb. 23, 1961 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 IN VEN TOR.

' chem/A "ams United States Patent "ice n 3 7 Greenbrrar Stu,

"Itch.

This invention relates to the securing of forms used to confine poured concrete. A large concrete structure is usually developed in successive layers, or pours, each of these being allowed to at least partially set before the next one is poured on top of it. It is conventional practice to embed anchors in the concrete as it is poured, these being used as securing points to hold the forms in position for the succeeding pour. The liquid pressure of poured concrete is distributed over the form surface, and the large areas involved will result in tremendous forces being reouired to hold the forms in place.

The embedded anchors cannot resist the holding forces until the surrounding concrete has set for three or four days, and this has resulted in a corresponding delay beween pours. Applicant has devised a system for anchoring the forms in pours three or four days old, without waiting for such periods between the pours. The anchors are placed at a substantial distance from the form face of the concrete structure, and are provided with extensions disposed upwardly on an incline from the anchor to the formed face so that the extension reaches through the green concrete. The securing forces are transferred through the extensions down to the older concrete capable of holding the anchor.

This anchoring system is particularly useful in conjunction with so-called continuous forms, with the anchors and extensions being connected to dummy shebolts on the forms as the pouring proceeds. Movable forms may also be secured in this manner, the forms themselves being handled according to the usual procedure.

Applicant has also devised a novel form construction 'llich can utilize this anchoring technique without involvthe usual form-handling equipment and operations. this new form construction is based upon the action of a movable brace, or strongbaclc, constructed so that it can be moved upwardly while still retaining a portion of it firmly secured to the concrete. The upward movement of this device is similar to the action of a continuous aterpiilar tread system used on construction vehicles, in which the successive elements are laid in place in the manner of a chain.

The se eral features of the invention will be analyzed in further detail through a discussion of the particular embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 presents a sectional elevation showing a movable articulating form brace secured in position on a concrete structure.

FIGURE 2 is a section on the plane 22 of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 3 is a section on the plane 33 of FIGURE 2, and illustrates the relationship of a form panel with the articulating movable form brace.

FIGURE 4 illustrates an intermediate position showing the elevation of the movable form panel as the unit moves upwardly in position to receive a new pour.

FIGURE 5 presents a perspective view on an enlarged scale of the device used to induce the upward articulating motion of the brace unit.

FIGURE 6 illustrates an interm diate position showing he raising of the form panel into the new secured position of the movable brace.

-FIGURE 7 is a view taken on the plane 7-7 of FIG- URE 2.

'atented @ct. 5:3, 1954 FIGURE 8 is a schematic view in sectional elevation showing a concrete structure being progressively developed in successive pours through the use of the movable brace system.

FIGURE 9 presents a sectional elevation on an enlarged scale showing the details of a mechanism elevating the form pan ls.

FIGURE 10 presents a sectional elevation showing a continuous concrete form secured with the new anchoring system.

FIGURE 11 presents a front elevation of the form structure illustrated in FIGURE 10.

FIGURE 12 presents a sectional elevation showing the use of individual movable form panels secured by the new anchor system.

FIGURE 13 presents a sectional elevation showing the securing of individual movable form elements of the type shown in FIGURE 12.

FIGURE 14 presents a front elevation of the structure sh wn in FIGURE 13.

Referring to FIGURE 1 and the related views, the concrete structure 2% is being progressively developed by the pours 21-24. The formed face 25 is established by a system of form panels 26 supported by movable brace units 27. A group of anchors 28-31 are shown embedded in the concrete, with the anchor 32 in place to be surrounded by the concrete poured in the area indicated at 33. The anchor 32 may be held in position as the concrete is poured by any convenient jig (not shown) secured to the brace unit 27. Each of the anchors is provided with an extension as indicated at 34-38 inclined upwardly from the anchor toward the formed face 25, with the brace unit 27 being secured in the position shown in FIG- URE 1 by forces transmitted through the extensions 34 and 35 to the anchors 2S and 29, respectively. The extensions may be in the form of a group of rods connected by couplings as shown at 39 and 4t or they may be integral with the anchors themselves. At points adjacent the plane of the formed face 25, the extensions are connected to heavy shebolts as shown at 41 and 42 which transfer the securing forces from the rods to the adjustable clamping terminals 43 and 4 bearing against the individual beam members 45 and 46 of the movable brace 27. In the arrangement shown in FIGURE 1, it may be presumed that the successive pours are made on successive days, and it should be noted that the forces securing the brace member 27 in place are being resisted by anchors embedded in concrete which is three and four days old. The extensions associated with these anchors are not relied upon to engage the concrete surrounding them, but only to transfer these forces down to the anchors below.

The movable brace unit 27 is formed by a series of articulating beam sections 4549. Each of these is pivotally connected to the section on either side of it, with the pivotal connection in each case being preferably provided with a gusset 51-56 secured to one of the sections for limiting the articulation of one section with respect to the other at approximately degrees. The sections 45 and 46 are shown in a degree relationship, and the functioning of the articulation will be most easily understood from FIGURE 4. FIGURE 4 illustrates the movement of the brace unit after the pour 33 has been made, and the shebolt 41 has been disconnected. The bolt remains secured, and an upward movement of the brace unit is necessary to position it for receiving the next pour above. To provide the upward movement, which is similar to the action of a caterpillar tread, the removable device 57 shown in FIGURE 5 is applied as illustrated in FIGURES 3 and 4. The hooked end 58 is engaged over the pivot pin 59, with the legs 60 and 61 engaged in holes in the members 4559 as shown at 62-65 "3 3 inFIGURE 7. The legs tit? and 61 are provided with an engaging fork having projections as shown at 66 for engaging these holes. The rod 67 is secured to the hook 58, and a block 68 slides freely over the threaded portion 69. The wheel nut 74 (refer to FIGURE 4) limits the movement of the block 68 along the rod 69, and rotation of the wheel nut from the postion shown in FIGURE 3 through that shown in FIGURE 4 produces the articulating movement causing the brace member 27 to move upwardly. At each time the brace unit is secured in position as shown in FIGURE 1, the lowermost of the beam elements forms a convenient point for placing a scaffolding plank shown at 71 in dotted lines.

Each of the beam sections 45-5i3 includes a pair of opposite channels as shown at 72 and 73 in FIGURE 2, connected by a plate 74 having a hole for receiving the 7 bolt 41. The plate 74 is narrower than the total width across the pair of channels 72 and 73, leaving an offset shoulder to form a guideway receiving the edge of the form panel 26. Similar structure is provided at opposite ends of the panel as, and the formed surface is provided in part by the panels 26, and in part by the exposed surface of the plates 7 The spacing of the channels 72 and 73 is sufficient to receive the shebolts between them, with the terminal unit 44 having the function of spanning across the channels 72 and 73 for transferring forces to them from the nut 75.

Raising the form panels 26 to a new position of the brace members 27 is accomplished as shown in FIG- URES 6, 7, and 9. The form panel 26 is preferably of sheet steel, and is provided with the angle stiifeners 76 and 77, which are preferably welded in place. The panel 26 is also equipped with a lateral extension 78 secured to the flange 753 of the stiffener 76, with the outer extremity of this extension having a threaded opening .for receiving the jack screw 86. The member 31 is freely movable along the jack screw 80, and is simply placed in engagement with the top of the channel 72 to form a platform against which the forces may be applied by the jack screw 80 to raise the panel 26 into engagement with the beam section 47. After this movement .has been accomplished by the jack screw 80 it is rotated out of engagement with the extension '78, and the entire unit is removed. The secured position of the panel 26 is maintained by a U-shaped clip such as is indicated at 82, or by any other convenient device.

The legs of this clip are received in the pairs of holes .shown at 83 and 84 in FIGURE 7, and in the similarly placed holes at corresponding locations on other beam sections.

Referring to FIGURES 10 and 11, the anchoring system described herein is shown applied to a so-called continuous form. This system of form construction is very advantageous when concrete is being poured at low temperatures. The form is normally constructed from ground level up to a substantial height before pouring is commenced, with the forms themselves being either self-supported above the level of the concrete, or temporarily braced by some convenient jury structure. The forms may be left in place until the entire structure is developed, or salvage operations may remove the lower portions of the form after they are no longer necsssary. One advantage to the arrangement is the fact that the enclosure provided by the fully-constructed form panels retains heat, permitting the operations to be carried on under severe weather conditions. The securing of the forms against the pressure of the poured concrete is accomplished through the use of the anchoring system previously described, with the anchors 85 and 86 being embedded at a considerable distance from the formed faces 87 and 88, respectively, and extending on a slant upward to the formed faces for connection to the shebolts as previously described. If the pours defined by the horizontally parallel lines in FIGURE 10 are made on successive days, the concrete to be poured in the space $9 will create a pressure on the form systems 9-59 and 91 which will be resisted by anchors embedded in concrete three or four days previously. Under normal procedure, the shebolts connected to anchors above that point would not be tightened until later, since the concrete at levels closer to the top would not be able to sustain loading. The form systems 9% and 91 are of conventional design, and are shown in front elevation in FIGURE 11. A panel system 92 may be of plywood or planking, and normally carries a group of parallel stifieners known as studs indicated at 93%. Parallel spaced beams 97 98 and 994%, referred to as walers, are placed in position transverse with respect to the studs 93-96, and transfer the loading to the shebolts 1G1 and 192 (and those immediately below these) connected to the respective anchors.

Referring to FIGURES 12-14, the dam illustrated schematically has been developed to the point shown in successive pours indicated at lid-117. The first pour has been laid on the ground level indicated at 118, which is preferably bed rock. In the use of this invention, it is preferable that the height of each of these pours be approximately two and one-half feet. As each pour is made, the form elements 119 and 1.2% are secured in position as shown, and confine the liquid concrete until it is hardened sufficiently to permit the forms to be removed. Preparation for the next pour involves detaching these form elements, moving them upward, and securing them in position so that the reiatively high liquid ressure of the concrete will be resisted without extensive deflection. In securing the forms for the first pour, the anchors may be grouted into holes in the rock, or special rock anchors may be used.

The form elements themselves are of conventional construction, and include a panel 121 which is usually either of plywood or planking, and is reinforced by a group of parallel studs as shown at 122124. The liquid pressure from the newly-poured concrete is distributed over the surface of the panel 121, and the effect of the studs is to convert this pressure force into specific loading at vertically-spaced points. The vertical walers 125423 bridge across these studs, and transfer the load from them to the securing point represented by the bolts 129 132. These bolts extend through the terminal plates 133436 acting as a bridge across the adjacent walers, these being spaced sufiiciently to receive the bolts between them. The loading is transferred from the plates to the bolts through the special nuts 137-146, respectively.

The bolts 129-132 are commonly referred to in the trade as she-bolts and are provided with an internal thread at the inner end for receiving the external threads of the tension rods 141 144. These rods transfer the stresses to a group of anchors 145 that are embedded in the successive pours of concrete as shown in FIGURE 13. It is conventional practice to provide a slight taper to the inner end of the bolts 129-131 so that they may be unscrewed from the end of the rods 141-144 without disturbing the face of the concrete. After these rods have served their purpose, the openings left by the ends of the she-bolts are filled in so that the face of the concrete forms a continuous surface.

It should be noted that the form 119, in the position shown in FIGURE 13, is being held in position by tension transferred through the rods 141 and 142 down through the pours 117 and 116 to anchors that are embedded in the pours and 114, respectively. The vertical weight of the form is supported on the bolts 13% and 1.32 through the action of the blocks 146449, respectively, and even this loading can be eliminated from the pour 117 by extending the form downward to engage any particular pour which may be selected. The stability in position of the form 119 is maintained by forces transferred through the rods 141, in the position shown in FIGURE 13. On the next successive pour above that shown in FIGURE 13 in dotted lines, the weight of the form would be supported on the bolt secured to the rods 141, with the rod 156 then serving the function presently formed by the rod 141. It is preferable to maintain a proper spaced relationship for the rods and anchors to make this successive positioning of the forms possible, and it is recommended that some form of jig such as indicated at 151 be removably attached to the form 119 so that the group of anchors 145 may be accurately located. The tension rods 141-144 (and the others as well) may either be continuous from the point of attachment to the bolts down to the anchors, or may be divided into lengths connected by couplings as shown at 152 and 153. They may also be integral with the anchors.

Another conventional method of form-handling lends itself to the type of securing provided by this invention. The so-called cantilever form arrangement involves the use of a single row of bolts in the position of the bolts 130 and 132. The form is then extended downward several feet, and is there provided with a jack bearing against the face of the concrete structure. This jack can be adjusted to give the proper vertical orientation of the form. It should be pointed out that in either case, the angularity of the tie rods 141444 with respect to the face of the walers 125-128 will create a natural tendency for the terminal plates 133-136 to slip downwardly, and this tendency is conventionally controlled by spiking the plates in fixed position with respect to the walers, or by serrating the base of the plates.

One of the great advantages of the various modifications of this invention is the fact that concrete which is poured within a certain period following the preceding pour does not necessitate a careful cleaning of the surface on which the concrete is deposited. Successive pours approximately one day apart do not require this extensive and inconvenient clean-up operation, and the resulting economy is very substantial. The depth of each pour and the waiting period between the pours will determine the arrangement of the anchors 145 and the rods connected to them. The anchors described in the application above referred to have the characteristic of permitting the application of forces at a somewhat earlier time following the pouring than is characteristic of other types of anchors. The present invention is not, however, limited to use with such anchors.

The particular embodiments of the present invention which have been illustrated and discussed herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be considered as a limitation upon the scope of the appended claims. In these claims, it is my intent to claim the entire invention disclosed herein, except as I am limited by the prior art.

I claim:

1. A method of securing forms for successive superimposed pours of concrete developing a unitary structure, comprising: embedding anchor means at a distance from a generally vertical face of said structure as each pour is made; connecting said anchor means to said forms with members extending upwardly at an incline to a point adjacent the plane of said vertical face; and securing the face form for said next pour exclusively to members extending through the immediately preceding pour to anchors in an older pour.

2. A method of securing forms for successive superimposed pours of concrete developing a unitary structure, comprising: embedding anchor means at a distance from a generally vertical face of said structure as each pour is made; connecting extension members to said anchor means directed upwardly at an incline to a point adjacent the plane of said vertical face; and securing the face form for said next pour exclusively to extension members ex- 8 tending through the immediately preceding pour to anchors in an older pour.

3. A method of securing forms for successive superimposed pours of concrete developing a unitary structure, comprising: embedding anchor means at a distance from a generally vertical face of said structure as each pour is made; connecting said anchor means to said forms with members extending upwardly at an incline to a point adjacent the plane of said vertical face, said distance and the length of said members being selected with respect to the depth of said pours to cause said members to extend substantially through at least one pour before connection to an anchor; and securing the face form for said next pour exclusively to members extending through the immediately preceding pour to anchors in an older pour.

4. A method of securing forms for successive superimposed pours of concrete developing a unitary structure, comprising: embedding anchor means at a distance from a generally vertical face of said structure as each pour is made, said anchor means being accessible at the top of said pour and having an extension directed upwardly at an incline to a point adjacent the plane of said vertical face, said distance and the length of said extension being selected with respect to the depth of said pours to cause said extension to extend substantially through at least one pour before connection to an anchor; and securing the face form for said next pour exclusively to extensions extending through the immediately preceding pour to anchors in an older pour.

5. A method of securing forms for successive superimposed pours of concrete developing a unitary structure, comprisin embedding anchor means at a distance from a generally vertical face of said structure as each pour is made; connecting said anchor means to said forms with members extending upwardly at an incline to a point adjacent the plane of said vertical face; and securing the face form for said next pour at least in part to members extending with the anchors associated therewith through the full depth of the immediately preceding pour, said anchors being embedded in an older pour.

6. A method of securing forms for successive superimposed pours of concrete developing a unitary structure, comprising: embedding anchor means at a distance from a generally vertical face of said structure as each pour is made; connecting extension members to said anchor means directed upwardly at an incline to a point adjacent the plane of said vertical face; and securing the face form for said next pour at least in part to extension members extending substantially through the immediately preceding pour to anchors in an older pour, said extension members emerging from the top surface of said preceding pour at a distance remote from the said vertical face.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,918,182 Eiler July 11, 1933 2,100,614 Schenk Nov. 30, 1937 2,355,376 Huddeston et al Aug. 8, 1944 2,738,563 Steele Mar. 20, 1956 2,775,807 Grover et al Jan. 1, 1957 2,857,647 Williams Oct. 28, 1958 2,873,505 Sheldon Feb. 17, 1959 2,966,718 Dave Ian. 3, 1961 2,976,596 Williams Mar. 28, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS 163,292 Australia June 10, 1955 222,859 Australia July 20, 1959 1,136,839 France Jan. 7, 1957

Claims (1)

1. 5. A METHOD OF SECURING FORMS FOR SUCCESSIVE SUPERIMPOSED POURS OF CONCRETE DEVELOPING A UNITARY STRUCTURE, COMPRISING: EMBEDDING ANCHOR MEANS AT A DISTANCE FROM A GENERALLY VERTICAL FACE OF SAID STRUCTURE AS EACH POUR IS MADE; CONNECTING SAID ANCHOR MEANS TO SAID FORMS WITH MEMBERS EXTENDING UPWARDLY AT AN INCLINE TO A POINT ADJACENT THE PLANE OF SAID VERTICAL FACE; AND SECURING THE FACE FORM FOR SAID NEXT POIUR AT LEAST IN PART TO MEMBERS EXTENDING WITH THE ANCHORS ASSOCIATED THEREWITH THROUGH THE FULL DEPTH OF THE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING POUR, SAID ANCHORS BEING EMBEDDED IN AN OLDER POUR.

Images