US314504A - Process of purifying pig-iron - Google Patents
Process of purifying pig-iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US314504A US314504A US314504DA US314504A US 314504 A US314504 A US 314504A US 314504D A US314504D A US 314504DA US 314504 A US314504 A US 314504A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- slag
- iron
- blast
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 36
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained Effects 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/04—Manufacture of hearth-furnace steel, e.g. Siemens-Martin steel
Definitions
- My invention relates to an improved process of purifying pig-iron in a converter, open-hearth, or other furnace in which apneu matic blast is used as the agent for eitecting the conversion of pig iron into steel or wroughtiron; and it consists in tapping off the slag during the blow and at or about the instant dissociation of the impurities takes place, whereby there is removed. with the slag the deleterious components of the pig-iron.
- the silicon of the pig metal is first eliminated by means of the slag, which is formed by the combination of oxide of iron and silicic acid, and this slag is removed as formed during the early stages of the blow and without interrupting it.
- the oxidation and elimination of the carbon is next accomplished, and if phosphorus be present in the metal it may be removed by the further oxidation of the metal, or by adding oxides and removing the resultant slag before the phosphorus has an opportunity to recombine with the metal,- as hereinafter stated.
- the process is applicable to use with metal containing either phosphorus or sulphur, or both.
- metalloids aid in keeping up the heat of the bath after the elimination of the silicon and carbon, which is of importance in maintaining the bath in the ex tremely liquid condition which is essential to the successful operation of the process.
- These conditions are more readily, rapidly, and perfcctly obtained by raising the temperature of the blast, which may be done by means of a heating or superheatiug stove.
- the use of a heated or superheated blast serves, moreover, to import into the converter or furnaccalarge amount of heat in addition to that which is developed by the fuel contained in the metal itself, and thus increase the calorific power of the blast and accelerate and intensify the reactions in the converter.
- A indicates a blowing-engine of any suitable construction, for the purpose of pumping and forcing atmospheric air into the converter to effect the operations and reactions therein.
- B indicates a Whitwell fire-brick or superhcating stove, to which the blast passes. from the engine by pipes a a, and in which the air may be heated.
- the converter may be operated in the usual way, except that the slag is tapped off through the slag-hole g at or about that period of the blow when the dissociation of the impurities of the metal is more or less complete, and before they begin to reunite with the metal.
- the slag with the impurities is thus removed from the converter during the earlier stages of the blow, and without interrupting it.
- the impurities are thus removed from the converter they cannot recombine with the iron at any subsequent stage of the process.
- the slag is in a light foamy condition, and being of less specific gravity than the metal it floats on top of the latter, so that it can be removed. from the converter without tapping the metal.
- the phosphates may be reduced by the presence of free silicic acid, and for this reason, if the phosphorus is to be removed, it is desirable to remove the slag containing the silica during the earlier stages of the blow.
- the fluidity of the bath may be sustained by external heat, or by the use of a heated or superheated blast, as hereinbefore described, and the use of the heated-air blast will also allow of the addition of scrap and like materials, which would otherwise chill the bath.
- the silicon will be more rapidly and thoroughly removed and the phosphorus be less liable to return to the metal. If it is preferred to permit the phosphorus to remain in the resultantproduet, the removal ofthe slag is not repeated.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
(No' Model.)
J. P. WITHEROW.
PROCESS OF PURIFYING PIG IRON. No. 314,504. Patented Mar; 24, 1885.
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JAMES P. VITHEBOW', OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.
PROQES$ OF PURlFYlNG PlG-ERON.
@PECIFECATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 314-,50t, dated iviarch 2%, 1855.
Application filed January 16, 183 1, (No moth-Ll To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, J AMES Pon'rnn WITH- EROW, of Allegheny city, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
My invention relates to an improved process of purifying pig-iron in a converter, open-hearth, or other furnace in which apneu matic blast is used as the agent for eitecting the conversion of pig iron into steel or wroughtiron; and it consists in tapping off the slag during the blow and at or about the instant dissociation of the impurities takes place, whereby there is removed. with the slag the deleterious components of the pig-iron.
In the Bessemer or pneumatic process as practiced by me the silicon of the pig metal is first eliminated by means of the slag, which is formed by the combination of oxide of iron and silicic acid, and this slag is removed as formed during the early stages of the blow and without interrupting it. The oxidation and elimination of the carbon is next accomplished, and if phosphorus be present in the metal it may be removed by the further oxidation of the metal, or by adding oxides and removing the resultant slag before the phosphorus has an opportunity to recombine with the metal,- as hereinafter stated.
It is evident that the process is applicable to use with metal containing either phosphorus or sulphur, or both. These metalloids aid in keeping up the heat of the bath after the elimination of the silicon and carbon, which is of importance in maintaining the bath in the ex tremely liquid condition which is essential to the successful operation of the process. These conditions are more readily, rapidly, and perfcctly obtained by raising the temperature of the blast, which may be done by means of a heating or superheatiug stove. The use of a heated or superheated blast serves, moreover, to import into the converter or furnaccalarge amount of heat in addition to that which is developed by the fuel contained in the metal itself, and thus increase the calorific power of the blast and accelerate and intensify the reactions in the converter.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now describe it by reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a view of a converter-plant having a super-heating blast apparatus, a portion of the view being in section.
Here A indicates a blowing-engine of any suitable construction, for the purpose of pumping and forcing atmospheric air into the converter to effect the operations and reactions therein.
B indicates a Whitwell fire-brick or superhcating stove, to which the blast passes. from the engine by pipes a a, and in which the air may be heated.
(2 indicates a fixed converter, having ablastmain, (1, blast-pipes d, tuyeres c, charginghole,f, a slag-tapping hole, 9, situated at or slightly above the metal line, and a tappinghole, 71. The blast-trunk (Z is connected with the heating-stove B by pipes b. The charg ing-hoie is connected with the cupola F by a spout, f.
Thus constructed and arranged the converter may be operated in the usual way, except that the slag is tapped off through the slag-hole g at or about that period of the blow when the dissociation of the impurities of the metal is more or less complete, and before they begin to reunite with the metal. The slag with the impurities is thus removed from the converter during the earlier stages of the blow, and without interrupting it. As the impurities are thus removed from the converter they cannot recombine with the iron at any subsequent stage of the process. At this period the slag is in a light foamy condition, and being of less specific gravity than the metal it floats on top of the latter, so that it can be removed. from the converter without tapping the metal. Thisis accomplished in the converter 0 through the slagging-hole g, which, being on or nearly on a level with the metal line, will, it opened, permit the slag to flow out, especiallyin view of the fact that the effect of the blow and the intensely-agitated condition of the highlyfluid slag and its character causes the latter to swell and boil or flow over through the slagging-hole g, particularly at the period of practically complete dissociation of the iron and its impurities.
The object of the immediate and successive removals of slag from the bath, as described,
is to prevent the injurious effects resulting from the continued contact of the same with the metali'or example, if the phosphorus is carried to the slag in the form of phosphates and allowed to remain on the surface of the bath, it would recombine with the metal, ow-
ing to the action of the reducing gases formed by the blast passing through the charge. Furthermore, the phosphates may be reduced by the presence of free silicic acid, and for this reason, if the phosphorus is to be removed, it is desirable to remove the slag containing the silica during the earlier stages of the blow. Should the metal become chilled orpasty, OW- ing to the lack of silicon, phosphorus, orother heat-giving agents, the fluidity of the bath may be sustained by external heat, or by the use of a heated or superheated blast, as hereinbefore described, and the use of the heated-air blast will also allow of the addition of scrap and like materials, which would otherwise chill the bath. By my process the silicon will be more rapidly and thoroughly removed and the phosphorus be less liable to return to the metal. If it is preferred to permit the phosphorus to remain in the resultantproduet, the removal ofthe slag is not repeated.
I do not herein claim the apparatus for converting pig metal into wrought-iron or steel for the reason that it forms the subj act-matter of a separate application of even date.
What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
l. The process of purifying a charge of molten pig metal, which consists in blowing or oxidizing the metal, as described, and removing the slag during and Without interrupting the blow, substantially as and for the purposes described.
2. The process of purifying a charge of molten pig metal, which consists in blowing or oxidizing the metal, tapping off the slag containing the silica, then continuing the blow, and subsequently tapping the slag again to remove the phosphorus, substantially as described.
3. The process of purifying a charge of molten pig metal, which consists in blowing or oxidizing the metal, removing the silicon, phosphorus, and other impurities by succes: sive discharges of slag during the continuance of the blow, and maintaining the heat, after the carbon, silicon, and phosphorus are eX- hausted, by a heated or superheated blast, substantially as and for the purposes described.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of January. A. D. 1884. JAMES P. NVITHEROWV.
Witnesses:
W. B. OoRwIN, THOMAS B. KERR.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US314504A true US314504A (en) | 1885-03-24 |
Family
ID=2383653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US314504D Expired - Lifetime US314504A (en) | Process of purifying pig-iron |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US314504A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080202667A1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-08-28 | Gianni Mancini | Method and Plant For Manufacturing Tyres For Vehicle Wheels |
-
0
- US US314504D patent/US314504A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080202667A1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-08-28 | Gianni Mancini | Method and Plant For Manufacturing Tyres For Vehicle Wheels |
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