US3140215A - Process for sealing cartons - Google Patents

Process for sealing cartons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3140215A
US3140215A US860024A US86002459A US3140215A US 3140215 A US3140215 A US 3140215A US 860024 A US860024 A US 860024A US 86002459 A US86002459 A US 86002459A US 3140215 A US3140215 A US 3140215A
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Prior art keywords
flaps
carton
flap
wax
adhesive
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US860024A
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English (en)
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Theron W Russell
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Weyerhaeuser Co
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Weyerhaeuser Co
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Priority to NL278189D priority Critical patent/NL278189A/xx
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Priority to US860024A priority patent/US3140215A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
    • D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
    • D21H19/18—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising waxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/56—Linings or internal coatings, e.g. pre-formed trays provided with a blow- or thermoformed layer
    • B65D5/563—Laminated linings; Coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/40—Applications of laminates for particular packaging purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J131/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J131/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C09J131/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/28—Non-macromolecular organic substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1036—Bending of one piece blank and joining edges to form article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to generally sealing fiberboard together and to sealing fiberboard cartons, with special reference to the provision of sealed cartons for deep-frozen foods.
  • the wax introduce a problem of sealing at deep-freeze temperatures, but the carton-stock itself has presented problems in the matter of resistance to transmitting moisture vapor. It has been discovered that without certain characteristics in the fiberboard, the folds therein necessary for carton formation readily crack at deep-freeze temperatures when such a cold carton is subjected to undue stress or mechanical shock, as in handling, shipping and transferring supplies for deep-frozen filled cartons.
  • the pack delivered to a consumer presents printed matter.
  • the presence of wax or the like on the fiberboard stock of a carton makes it difficult to impossible to print on the carton, so the carton is commonly made of unprinted stock, waxed, and when sealed is wrapped in a thin printed paper which is also waxed for providing the desired degree of resistance to transmission of moisture.
  • Such paper develops wrinkles which do not lead to a complete seal. This is unattractive for displaying merchandise.
  • the paper wrapping must be torn open and usually separates from the carton. Frequently, this results in destroying identity of the source of the goods and the ready availability of the directions for consumer use, which are printed on the paper.
  • Wax-coating on carton stock also interferes with sealing the carton flaps together to make a tight moisture-retaining package.
  • Heat-sealing is practiced, and likewise adhesive compositions are employed over the Waxed surfaces.
  • the packages so sealed have cohered flaps, that is, one flap sealed to another flap by an interfacial layer, which may be the wax or wax with other adhesive.
  • interfacial layer which may be the wax or wax with other adhesive.
  • Such cohesive union does not withstand very low temperatures, such as 50 F.
  • the interfacial layer yields and the flaps spring apart, especially when handled at such low temperatures.
  • the waxed paper covering may be dispensed with, and the cartons may be printed before waxing, thus eliminating the paper-wrapping and sealing operations and presenting a neater package, and one more useful to the housewife.
  • cartons of waxed fiberboard are sealed flap-to-flap by fibers of one flap bonded to fibers of the adjacent flap, and such flaps may be sealed so as to maintain the seal at 50 F., and even at lower temperatures.
  • heating for sealing which commonly effects burn is promptly followed by chilling to avoid burn, which if it should occur would be more conspicuous in unwrapped cartons than burn in paper-wrapped cartons.
  • the characters of the carton stock, of the wax coat, and of the adhesive are controlled for a processing which produces sealed cartons with desirable properties in numerous stages, such as manufacture of carton blanks, shipping of fiat-folded cartons, setting up and filling cartons, sealing cartons for deepfreezing, retaining and rejecting moisture during and after deep-freezing, and thereafter, for the display of frozen packs, and utilization thereof by the consumer.
  • Carton stock is commonly provided as Fourdriniermade fiberboard.
  • it should be absorptive of the melted form of a fusible moisture-barrier coat material to be applied.
  • For deep-freeze requirements of the present invention it should be flexible for bending without rupture, and when bent to corners, the corners should be stable against rupture upon mechanical movement or shock at deep-freeze temperatures.
  • a suitable fiberboard is a so-called paperboard felted on a Fourdrinier machine from a furnish containing 1000 parts (dry basis) of bleached sulfate cellulose fibers such as those derived from Douglas fir, 5 parts of clay, 2.5 parts of gelatinized starch, and a bufier, such as sodium alnminate, or proportioned quantities of alum and caustic soda, to provide a pH in the range 5 .2 to 5.7, and preferably, 5.5 to 5.7. Small quantities of Wax or rosin may be present to impart water resistance, where such is desirable.
  • the Wet pressed sheet is surface-sized on both faces with an aqueous size containing clay and dispersed wax with binder of starch or starch derivative. This is applied to add about 0.42 pound (dry basis) per 1000 sq. ft., of each face, to provide filler but not a coat, to facilitate printing and to prime the surface to minimize penetration of the waxy material in cold-water waxing.
  • each face is calendered using an aqueous solution of a starch or starch derivative and sodium alginate, adding only about 0.19 to 0.22 pound of solids to each face per 1000 sq. ft.
  • the finished stock has a moisture content of 4% to 6.5%, and for the general run of cartons has a weight of 195 pounds per 500 sheets 24 x 36 inches, further identified as 15-point full-bleached uncoated kraft board.
  • the pH is important where bending and moisture-retention of scaled cartons is desired. This is exemplified by comparing stocks of pH 4.3 and 5.5. Strips of the stock 15 mm. wide were variously tempered and tested for bend with a fold tester, specifically that one known as Massachusetts Institute of Technology Folding Endurance Tester, manufactured by Tinius Olsen Testing Machine Company, Philadelphia, Pa. The test results designate the number of times a strip may be bent around a small cylindrical surface and back again in the opposite direction until it ruptures, as detailed on pages 864- 866 Testing of Paper and Board, first edition, 1953, Me- Grew-Hill Book Company, Inc.
  • Test A the strips were heated at 105 C. for 72 hours, and then tested at room temperature of approximately 73 F.
  • Test B the strips were heated at 260 F. for hours, then cooled at F. for 16 hours, and then tested when cold at 10 F giving results as follows:
  • the stock commonly in multiple-blank sheets may be printed in a joined sequence of impressions and then die-cut and scored to individual foldable blanks.
  • the layout of printing must be such that the flap areas to be sealed are free of printing ink as well as free of a cover coat of clay. Then, the printed stock is cut to individual flat blanks.
  • the next step for deep-freeze cartons is to coat the fiberboard with fusible moisture-barrier material.
  • Natural and artificial waxes and wax-like materials are available for the purpose, those commonly used being selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene Wax and mixtures of these Waxes.
  • Parafiin wax is preferred to provide a transparent coat when there is printed matter to be visible through the coat.
  • the method of application is such as to minimize absorption by the fiberboard, so that for subsequent operations within the scope of this invention there is capacity to absorb the coating material when it is fused.
  • the preferred method of application is that known as cold-water waxing.
  • the fiat carton blanks are passed individually by immersion through a bath of a melted waxing material, and quickly removed to suitable rolls which remove some of the excess at the surface, preferably by squeezing, leaving a total of about 5 to 6 lbs. per M sq. ft.
  • the hot waxed stock is then passed immediately through a cold water bath, chilling the molten wax and providing a continuous coat of wax on the two surfaces of a remaining absorptive body, and on all of the cut edges.
  • the preferred Waxing composition is essentially a paraffin wax, With added material for the present invention.
  • the waxed stock must be flexible to bend at the folding lines without cracking the wax coat. It must be such that blocking or sticking together of a stack of flattened carquired for use of hot melts and the like.
  • a composition of 97.5 parts of paraffin (M.P. 139 F.) and about 2.5 parts of polyethylene (M.P. 189 F., molecular weight 13,000) is suitable for the advantages above set forth. It is applied in melted form, preferably at 200 F. to 210 F., or otherwise below the boiling point of water, thus minimizing absorption and avoiding bubbles in a wax coat by release of moisture.
  • the flat carton blank After the flat carton blank is fully waxed it is converted to fiat blank foldable form.
  • one overlap seam is provided, preferably at a narrow face of the carton.
  • the conventional procedure is to pass the flat carton blank through a dewaxer, in which a blast of hot air melts and blows away the wax at areas to be united.
  • the fibers are exposed, and any suitable adhesive used to unite the faces.
  • an adhesive dissolved in a volatile solvent is employed, because at this point there is no danger of residual solvent being retained at the time food may be entered into the carton for sealing.
  • the present invention effects a fiber-to-fiber bond between ilaps by placing the flaps in facial contact at the positions to be united, melting the wax on the flaps and absorbing it at the areas to be united and in the presence of a fluid adhesive composition immiscible with the solid and the molten wax.
  • the absorption of wax exposes the fibers in adjacent flaps to adhesive composition which is activated by the effect of heat to bond the fibers of one flap to the fibers of the contacting flap. After adhesion, the sealed flaps are immediately cooled when avoidance of burn is desired.
  • the adhesive composition is applied over the solid wax coat in metered quantity and in liquid form facilitating its application.
  • the fluid adhesive composition is applied at the temperature of the machine environment, thus eliminating the means and processing heretofore re- This permits better control of the application and avoids spot effects frequently encountered with hot applications at this stage.
  • Adhesive composition is so compounded that it wets the paraffin coat at least to a degree assuring an adequate supply. A creamy viscous consistency readily clings to the waxy coat.
  • the adhesive in the final bond is preferably a resinous composition, suitably plasticized when required, to withstand very cold temperatures so that it does not embrittle and crack, and to impart moisturebarrier properties. When the wax coat melts in contact with the liquid adhesive, the melted wax acts as a flux which aids in distributing or leveling the applied composition, Which then becomes the active binder after the surface fibers have been exposed.
  • the preferred adhesive compositions have a water base serving as solvent or vehicle.
  • Starch pastes or protein glues are useful. It may be an aquasol, or aqueous dispersion containing resinous binder material such as dispersed particles such as polyvinyl acetate and a plasticizer therefor, which particles coalesce to form a bond as the composition loses water at a temperature above the melting point of the wax. The loss of water may be in part due to absorption by the fiberboard and in part to boiling it away by the applied heat.
  • the aqueous resinous dispersions are such that a thin film as it dries forms an elastic rubber-like film by reason of the dispersion particles uniting.
  • the fibers of adjacent flaps are in contact in the presence of the dispersed particles which also enter inter-fiber spaces. So positioned, they coagulate by the effect of heat and loss of water forming a solid elastomeric body including film coating enclosing fibers and connecting fibers of one flap to fibers of the adjacent flap.
  • An aqueous dispersion permits control of viscosity for application, and the aqueous phase provides a vehicle for a surfactant or dispersant which maintains the dispersion and which is a suitable wetting agent, preferably nonionic, to insure contact and retention by the solid wax coat of a layer or streak of dispersion.
  • the applied adhesive composition is metered in application, and metering is preferably accomplished by applying parallel streaks of adhesive, the contents of which flow and spread out in a layer as pressure is applied to contacting flaps. Application of the adhesive to but one of any two flaps to be united is sufficient.
  • a carton For sealing-in of moisture, a carton must have a full quota of sealing material inwardly from the edges of flap interfaces which are exposed to the atmosphere.
  • two opposite flaps are first folded in as inner flaps. Then, an intermediate flap is folded over the inner flaps, and lastly a fourth flap is folded to overlap the intermediate flap.
  • Adhesive may be applied in a variety of areas.
  • the outer faces of the inner flaps must unite with the inner face of the intermediate flap.
  • the inner face of the fourth flap must unite with the outer face of the intermediate flap.
  • the outward extents of the inner flaps from their hinging lines are usually not longer, and preferably much shorter than half the length of the hinging lines of the remaining flaps.
  • the inner flaps should be sealed over the entire lengths of their hinging lines and inwardly therefrom, but not necessarily over the entire face of the inner flaps. Acco-rding ly, it is preferred to apply adhesive only at the end portions of the inner face of the intermediate flap where it will transfer on folding to the inner flaps.
  • means is provided to assure flow of adhesive to the ends of the hinging lines of the inner flap and over a complete sealing area.
  • One such means is a score-line lying within outer faces of the inner flaps, each score-line being continuous from one end of the hinging line to the other end.
  • a score-line shaped as a V from end to end of the hinging line provides a channel of the score-line from corner to corner when the flaps are pressed together.
  • the said score-line has another important function in rigidifying the inner flaps from their hinging lines inwardly, so as to exert resistance when the flaps are moved inwardly to final position by mechanism on a closing machine or by the intermediate flap and the fourth flap.
  • the rigidifying effect maintains the portion between the hinge-line and the score-line as a planar portion for a flat area of fiber-to-fiber bond.
  • the adhesive composition may be applied to the inner face of the fourth flap, or otherwise to the outer face of the intermediate flap but on an area limited to supply the interface only.
  • the flaps may be folded by conventional means into the proper contact relationship of final position, and so held until united. In this position, no action takes place until the temperature at the interfaces is raised, first to melt the wax to provide a flux assisting the distribution of the liquid composition, then to absorb the wax into the fiberboard at the areas to be united, and then to effect coagulation of the adhesive solids of the composition.
  • Heat may be applied by dielectric means eifective because of the moisture present, or otherwise, for
  • the closed flap by contact of the closed flap with heated platens.
  • the closed end may slide over a series of heated platens on which the temperatures for heating and for subsequent cooling may be regulated according to variables in the process.
  • heated platens When heated platens are used in a continuous processing they are preferably divided into sections of different temperatures, higher at the first contact and then decreasing.
  • the plates have zones heated at 375 F., 325 F., 275 F. and 225 F., followed immediately by cooling plates having a temperature of 30 F.
  • FIG. 1 in the drawing is a perspective View of a sleevetype carton as set up from fiat-folded form.
  • FIG. 2 represents diagrammatically two rolls for applying adhesive.
  • Numerals 10, 11, 12 and 13 represent the four side walls of a rectangular carton, of which side Wall 13 contains an overlapping glued seam at which one edge 14 of the flat blank is indicated at the interior of the carton.
  • the junction line 15 between the faces 12 and 13 defines with said edge 14 a narrow strip of the blank which extends as a tab 16 beyond the opening of the carton defined by said four side walls.
  • Numeral 17 is a graphical representation of contents to be sealed within the carton.
  • the side walls 10, 11, 12 and 13 are extended as flaps 20, 21, 22 and 23, respectively, with hinging lines respectively designated 24, 25, 26 and 27 defining the opening of the carton to be closed by folding the flaps.
  • Flaps 21 and 23 are inner flaps.
  • Flaps 22 and 24 are respectively intermediate and outer flaps.
  • the flaps are in the position indicated, except that the flap 20 may be folded up as shown in dotted lines rather than coplanar with its side wall 11), depending upon whether or not clearance is needed for means used for applying adhesive to flap 22.
  • the preferred manner of applying adhesive is to apply it in metered streaks 30 and 31 to the inner face of flap 22 and overall at the outer face of flap 22, this being indicated by an opening 32 in flap 22 merely to illusrate adhesive 33 on the outer side of flap 22.
  • the extent of the streaks 30 and 31 inwardly from the ends of flap 22 is substantially the same as the extent of flaps 21 and 23 away from the opening.
  • score-lines designated 35 and 36 extending from end to end of the respective folding lines 25 and 27. These score-lines rigidify the said inner fiaps for an extent away from their folding lines and provide between each scoreline and the folding line an area remaining planar as the flap is moved inwardly to scaling position.
  • said tab 16 is adhesively united to it and provides additional resistance to exert slight pressure against intermediate flap 22 when the latter is folded onto the inner flaps.
  • a driven cylindrical metering roll is illustrated for applying adhesive in said streaks 30 and 31.
  • the roll 41 has spaced peripheral grooves 42 therein which are filled with liquid adhesive for transfer by contact to the flap 22.
  • the dotted line position 43 of the roll 41 indicates a mechanically raised position of the roll which is effected as the area of flap 22 between the illustrated streaks 30 and 31 passes the roll.
  • a driven roll applicator 44 beneath the roll 41 applies adhesive 33 to the entire outer face of flap 22 in a conventional manner.
  • Roll 44 dips in a supply 45 of adhesive liquid in a container 46. In use, the rolls 41 and 44 are normally in contact so that roll 44 supplies liquid to roll 41.
  • the flap 22 first enters the nip between the rolls. As the nonglued center portion of flap 22 passes the line of tangency cam means, indicated graphically by numeral 46, functions by means indicated graphically at 48 to raise roll 41 to dotted line position 43.
  • the flap 22 meets conventional means (not shown), which folds it up in FIG. 1 over the infolded inner flaps 21 and 23, and then similar means folds outer flap 20 onto the adhesive 33 on the infolded intermediate flap 22.
  • the flaps are in sealing position with the faces thereof to be sealed separated by an interfacial layer of liquid adhesive between wax coats.
  • the end or ends having the folded flaps slide along heated platens which effect the final sealing as described, and then slide along cooling platens to remove unwanted heat when burn is to be avoided.
  • the sleeve-type carton has its two ends originally open and in such cases both ends are treated and sealed at the same time. Consequently, only one end of a carton is illustrated, it being understood that the operations may be duplicated at the other end.
  • the space between the streaks 30 and 31 is originally glossy as a result of the wax coat.
  • This area may be used as a test for the proper application of heat. When this area has changed from a glossy surface to a matt surface, it is proof that the applied heat has effectively melted and absorbed the wax at this area within the sealed carton, thus indicating that all the areas outwardly therefrom have been properly heated for the same result.
  • aqueous adhesives suitable for the present invention.
  • the preferred ones involve natural or synthetic resinous materials with plasticizer, when necessary, for imparting flexibility at normal and depressed temperatures.
  • plasticizer when necessary, for imparting flexibility at normal and depressed temperatures.
  • they coagulate or deposit a flexible elastic film on a smooth surface, either by loss of water or by the effect of elevated temperature.
  • the temperature imposed on the carton for melting and absorbing the barrier coat is above the boiling point of water, and the adhesive is accordingly formulated to remain inactive until the material of the barrier coat is melted and absorbed.
  • Latex dispersions which would coagulate by heat prior to absorption of the wax may have the coagulation temperature elevated by adding a surfactant as described in U.S. Patents Nos. 2,912,349 and 2,912,350.
  • Said patents describe numerous latices stabilized with anionic surfactant, or cationic surfactant, each with or without nonionic surfactant, or with nonionic surfactant alone. In general, increase in content of the stabilizing type or mixture of surfactant elevates the temperature at which coagulation occurs.
  • Cationically stabilized latices although useful, are in general undesired because they are substantive to many surfaces and deposit solids on contact.
  • Nonionic and anionic surfactants alone or mixed are accordingly the preferred surfactants, but it is to be understood that other agents may be used as dispersants or so-called emulsifiers.
  • Surfactants assist in wetting the Waxy coat, but may be dispensed with where the viscosity of the aqueous adhesive is high, not only to prevent it running 8 freely, but also to minimize water content and thereby the duration of heating.
  • Suitable latices are the following:
  • N designates nonionic and A designates anionic:
  • Nonic 218 Polyethylene glycol-tertiary-dodecylthioether. Liquid. N-3:
  • Triton X-100 Alkyl-aryl polyether alcohol. Liquid. N4:
  • Igepal CO Alkyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol. Liquid. A1:
  • Nekal BX-78 Sodium alkyl-naphthalene sulfonate. activepowder. A-3:
  • Blankol N Sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene condensate. 80% activepowder.
  • the adhesive composition preferably contains ingredients meeting requirements imposed by governmental bodies, such as those which are colorless, odorless and non-toxic. Absence of certain volatile solvents is thus dictated, making Water the preferred sole liquid vehicle.
  • polyvinyl acetate is a presently preferred resin base, with which numerous plasticizers may be employed. It can provide a firm nonfriable bond stable at 40 F., and at lower temperatures.
  • the preferred polyvinyl acetate is one of which from 25% to 50% is soluble in benzol at room temperature. Its aqueous plasticized dispersions having a viscosity in the range from 1500 to 2500 centipoises are suitable for application over the described wax coat, the viscosity rather than the solids content being a convenient control II for operation, and the solids content being a convenient control for viscosity.
  • plasticizers available are: dimethyl phthalate, diethylphthalate, tributyl-acetyl citrate, butylphthalylbutylglycollate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutoxyethyl phthalate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycollate, ethyl, phthalyl ethyl glycollate, triethylene glycol dihexoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and acetyltributyl citrate.
  • a polyvinyl acetate dispersion made with polyvinyl alcohol as dispersing agent and having a heterogeneous particle size of approximately 1 to 9 microns, and a solids content of 55% is an excellent base, designated below as PVAo55, for forming suitable adhesive compositions for food containers as follows.
  • PVAc-55 100 Tributyl-acetate citrate 8 Water 2 Solids content, 57%.
  • PVAc-55 100 Butyl-phthalylbutylglycollate 12 Water 5 Solids content, 57%.
  • compositions are acceptable for food containers and have a suitable viscosity for use as formulated.
  • surfactant is desired, from 0.1 to 0.2% of anionic or nonionic surfactant may be present. It is to be understood that these compositions are creamythick and viscous, and may be thinned by adding water. If thinned and thereby rendered too low in viscosity, thickening agents may be added to raise the viscosity, such as methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose polyvinyl alcohol, gum guar, sodium alginate, and the like. However, such dilution is undesired Where the adhesive is used for deep-frozen food cartons.
  • the method comprising converting a fiberboard sheet to a carton to be closed and sealed by flaps at a carton opening, said fiberboard having a pH in the range of from about 5.2 to about 5.7 and having an absorptive body, and said carton having flaps with faces in which fibers are exposed, coating the entire carton with a hydrophobic coat of normally solid fusible moisture-barrier material having a melting point at an elevated temperature below the boiling point of water, applying an aque ous adhesive composition activatable to adhesiveness by loss of water therefrom to said flaps whereby said adhesive composition will form an interface between pairs of said flaps when said flaps are closed, closing said flaps to scaling position, heating the so-positioned flaps by applying heat at a temperature above the boiling point of water and thereby melting and absorbing substantially all of the moisture-barrier material and exposing fibers of the flaps to the interfacial aqueous adhesive material, and thereby removing water from the adhesive material and bonding flap-to-fiap by a fiber-to-fiber bond
  • dispersed adhesive resinous composition comprises polyvinyl acetate and plasticizer therefor.
  • dispersed adhesive resinous composition comprises polyvinyl acetate and contains a plasticizer therefor and a wetting agent.
  • aqueous adhesive composition is an aqueous dispersion of an adhesive resinous composition.
  • aqueous adhesive composition is an aqueous dispersion of an adhesive resinous composition comprising polyvinyl acetate and contains a plasticizer therefor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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US860024A 1959-12-16 1959-12-16 Process for sealing cartons Expired - Lifetime US3140215A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL278189D NL278189A (de) 1959-12-16
US860024A US3140215A (en) 1959-12-16 1959-12-16 Process for sealing cartons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US860024A US3140215A (en) 1959-12-16 1959-12-16 Process for sealing cartons

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US3140215A true US3140215A (en) 1964-07-07

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3245601A (en) * 1964-05-13 1966-04-12 St Regis Paper Co Heat sealable paperboard blanks
US3313218A (en) * 1963-11-06 1967-04-11 Morningstar Paisley Inc Method for joining waxed paperboard surfaces
US3351548A (en) * 1965-06-28 1967-11-07 Mobil Oil Corp Cracking with catalyst having controlled residual coke
US4249978A (en) * 1979-04-19 1981-02-10 Kliklok Corporation Method of forming a heat resistant carton
US4375383A (en) * 1981-04-17 1983-03-01 Sewell Peter C High speed cold adhesive curing process and apparatus therefor
US5472137A (en) * 1994-07-11 1995-12-05 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Sift proof carton and method of making
US5711477A (en) * 1994-07-11 1998-01-27 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Reverse fold sift proof carton having an adhesive pattern thereon
US5806756A (en) * 1996-01-17 1998-09-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Carton closures having adhesive patterns thereon, and a method of assembling the same
US20050112317A1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2005-05-26 Mccarthy Brian R. Business card sheet construction and methods of making and using same
USRE41649E1 (en) 1996-04-30 2010-09-07 Avery Dennison Corporation Laser or ink jet printable business card system
US8530020B2 (en) 1998-09-22 2013-09-10 Ccl Label, Inc. Sheet of printable business cards
US10131821B2 (en) 2003-01-22 2018-11-20 Ccl Label, Inc. Adhesive label liner sheet modifications for retaining unneeded label sections on liner
USD856414S1 (en) 2018-03-01 2019-08-13 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet assembly with feed edge dress
USD877241S1 (en) 2018-06-08 2020-03-03 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet layout assembly
USD893606S1 (en) 2018-03-23 2020-08-18 Ccl Label, Inc. Name badge sheet assembly
USD900926S1 (en) 2016-11-17 2020-11-03 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet with feed edge assembly
US11049420B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2021-06-29 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet assembly with surface features
US11605313B2 (en) 2020-07-02 2023-03-14 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet assembly with puncture surface features

Citations (9)

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US1408746A (en) * 1921-01-10 1922-03-07 John A Kick Process of uniting waxed paper
US1451145A (en) * 1919-09-26 1923-04-10 Cracker Jack Co Manufacture of moistureproof packages
US2031035A (en) * 1933-10-11 1936-02-18 Grant Paper Box Company Method of making moistureproof paperboard and the like
US2099301A (en) * 1933-09-21 1937-11-16 Hamersley Paper wrapper for commodities
US2341379A (en) * 1940-04-08 1944-02-08 Plastic Coating Corp Sealed package and method of making same
US2341845A (en) * 1939-08-15 1944-02-15 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Container and method of making the same
US2362373A (en) * 1938-08-27 1944-11-07 Harold E Hallman Method for applying adhesive to wax coated paper
US2470465A (en) * 1946-07-26 1949-05-17 Marathon Corp Frozen food package
US2824013A (en) * 1953-08-17 1958-02-18 Refrigeration Package Spacers Refrigeration package

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1451145A (en) * 1919-09-26 1923-04-10 Cracker Jack Co Manufacture of moistureproof packages
US1408746A (en) * 1921-01-10 1922-03-07 John A Kick Process of uniting waxed paper
US2099301A (en) * 1933-09-21 1937-11-16 Hamersley Paper wrapper for commodities
US2031035A (en) * 1933-10-11 1936-02-18 Grant Paper Box Company Method of making moistureproof paperboard and the like
US2362373A (en) * 1938-08-27 1944-11-07 Harold E Hallman Method for applying adhesive to wax coated paper
US2341845A (en) * 1939-08-15 1944-02-15 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Container and method of making the same
US2341379A (en) * 1940-04-08 1944-02-08 Plastic Coating Corp Sealed package and method of making same
US2470465A (en) * 1946-07-26 1949-05-17 Marathon Corp Frozen food package
US2824013A (en) * 1953-08-17 1958-02-18 Refrigeration Package Spacers Refrigeration package

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3313218A (en) * 1963-11-06 1967-04-11 Morningstar Paisley Inc Method for joining waxed paperboard surfaces
US3245601A (en) * 1964-05-13 1966-04-12 St Regis Paper Co Heat sealable paperboard blanks
US3351548A (en) * 1965-06-28 1967-11-07 Mobil Oil Corp Cracking with catalyst having controlled residual coke
US4249978A (en) * 1979-04-19 1981-02-10 Kliklok Corporation Method of forming a heat resistant carton
US4375383A (en) * 1981-04-17 1983-03-01 Sewell Peter C High speed cold adhesive curing process and apparatus therefor
US5472137A (en) * 1994-07-11 1995-12-05 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Sift proof carton and method of making
US5688218A (en) * 1994-07-11 1997-11-18 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Method of making sift proof carton
US5711477A (en) * 1994-07-11 1998-01-27 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Reverse fold sift proof carton having an adhesive pattern thereon
US5806756A (en) * 1996-01-17 1998-09-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Carton closures having adhesive patterns thereon, and a method of assembling the same
USRE41650E1 (en) 1996-04-30 2010-09-07 Avery Dennison Corporation Assembly for passing through a printer or copier and separating out into individual printed media
USRE41649E1 (en) 1996-04-30 2010-09-07 Avery Dennison Corporation Laser or ink jet printable business card system
US7144469B2 (en) * 1998-09-22 2006-12-05 Avery Dennison Corporation Method of forming a printable media sheet construction
US20050112317A1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2005-05-26 Mccarthy Brian R. Business card sheet construction and methods of making and using same
US8530020B2 (en) 1998-09-22 2013-09-10 Ccl Label, Inc. Sheet of printable business cards
US10131821B2 (en) 2003-01-22 2018-11-20 Ccl Label, Inc. Adhesive label liner sheet modifications for retaining unneeded label sections on liner
US11049420B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2021-06-29 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet assembly with surface features
USD900926S1 (en) 2016-11-17 2020-11-03 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet with feed edge assembly
USD961676S1 (en) 2016-11-17 2022-08-23 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet with feed edge assembly
USD986319S1 (en) 2016-11-17 2023-05-16 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet with a feed edge assembly
USD856414S1 (en) 2018-03-01 2019-08-13 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet assembly with feed edge dress
USD893606S1 (en) 2018-03-23 2020-08-18 Ccl Label, Inc. Name badge sheet assembly
USD877241S1 (en) 2018-06-08 2020-03-03 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet layout assembly
USD941916S1 (en) 2018-06-08 2022-01-25 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet layout assembly
USD1013776S1 (en) 2018-06-08 2024-02-06 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet layout assembly
US11605313B2 (en) 2020-07-02 2023-03-14 Ccl Label, Inc. Label sheet assembly with puncture surface features

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Publication number Publication date
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