US3134368A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

May 26, 1964 Filed June 25, 1958 J. F. DE VINCENT 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Illllllllwkl Fla! IN VEN TOR. JAMES F. DE VINCENT ATTORNEY May 26, 1964 y. F. DE VINCENT BOILER 3 Sheets-Sheec 2 Filed June 25, 1958 INVENTOR. JAMES F. DE VINCENT AT TOR NEY May 26, 1964 J. F. DE VINCENT BOILER 3 Sheets-Sheec 3 Filed June 25, 1958 FROM 70, F /6- FIG. 3

NVENTOR. JAMES F. DE VINCENT 's3 ATTORNEY United States Patent() 3,134,368 BOILER .lames F. De Vincent, 1746 W. 24th St., Erie, Pa. Filed .lune 25, 1958, Ser. No. 744,613 1 Claim. (Cl. 122-451) This invention relates to boilers and, more particularly, to boilers of the type used to generate large quantities of steam at relatively high pressures.

Boilers of the general type known as once through boilers have been previously provided but none have been completely satisfactory from an operational standpoint for generating large quantities of steam at high eciency, especially where the quantity and quality of steam generated in a given period of time varied. Further, it has been impossible to operate boilers of previous design at maximum efficiency because of the inherent design thereof.

It is, accordingly, an object of this invention to overcome the above and other disadvantages in prior boilers and, more particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide a boiler which is simple in construction, economical to manufacture, and simple and ecient in operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide, in combination, an improved boiler and control means therefor.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved control means for a boiler.

A further object of the invention is to provide a timing arrangement which utilizes a cam which is driven at a controlled speed relative to the fuel setting in order to put the required amount of water into a boiler in a given period of time to generate the desired amount of steam.

The above objects are carried out by providing a boiler having a continuous tube extending therethrough. The tube is connected at one end to a pump controlled to intermittently supply predetermined quantities of water to the tube. A burner supplies heat at predetermined amounts to the tube to turn the water to steam at predetermined times prior to another said predetermined amount being admitted. The boiler tubes are made of high heat resistant material as is the inner lining of the boiler. The feed water regulator pump could be started by the differential pressure between the pressure in the water preheater and the pressure in the supply in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. Y

With these and other objects in View, the present invention consists of the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and moreparticularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that changes may be made in the form, size7 proportions, and minor details of construction without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a boiler according to the invention shown as a cross section taken on line 1 1 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the boiler with one side of the front wall thereof removed;

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view shown as a plane elevation taken on line 3 3 of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention.

Now with more specic reference to the drawings, a boiler is shown having a frame which may be designed in the manner in which the frame of conventional boilers are designed and made of structural steel. The frame 10 supports side walls 11 and 12, a rear wall 14, and a front wall 15 with a top wall 16 and a bottom wall 17 which form an enclosure by way of a heating chamber. The boiler shown is patterned after a design of boiler which, in practice, would have a heating capacity of one hundred thousand pounds per hour of steam at three hundred pounds operating pressure.

The walls 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 are made up of an inner lining 18 of refractory tile surrounded by insulation 19 approximately eight inches thick to prevent the heat from escaping and, therefore, an economical boiler for operation is provided. On the inner surface of the inner refractory lining 18 an alloy steel lining 21 is provided which is made of an alloy which v/ill withstand extreme temperatures and which may be one of the high temperature tungsten steel alloys or it could be one of the nickel chromium tungsten alloys which will withstand the extreme temperatures necessary for efficient operation. The inner lining 18 will preferably be approximately onefourth inch thick in order to be rugged and durable. An outside casing 54 of sheet steel is provided. Burner openings 20 are formed in the front wall 15 and burners 22 are inserted in the openings 20 and supported therein.

The boiler is of the general type known as the once through boiler and it is provided with tubes 23 which are connected at one end to a header 24 and at the other end to a steam drum 25. Each tube 23 has a liquid section 26 and a vapor section 27 and the tubes 23 themselves will be made of a high temperature material such as one of those referred to above and such as SA-213TP- 316 having an allowable Working strength of one thousand pounds per square inch at 1500 Fahrenheit. The liquid section 26 is made up of a loop 41 which extends upwardly higher than the loops in the vapor section 27 identied at 42 in order to provide a greater heating area in the loop 41. The water will be admitted in the first loop, it will be saturated in the second loop, and it will be superheated in the later tubes.

A Water preheater 28 overlies the rear wall 14 and, therefore, eliminates the need of an alloy skin thereon to protect the wall 14 from heat. It will be seen that the boiler tubes 23 are connected to the header 24 and to the steam drum 25 at 31 and 32, respectively.

The water preheater 28 is supplied with water from a constant pressure pump 33 which insures that the preheater 28 will be provided with a proper amount of water at all times. An outlet line 34 of the preheater 28 is connected through a pipe line 38 to a constant pressure pump 35. ln some installations, it will be desirable to use a variable pressure pump at 35. The pump 35 is driven by a motor 36 and supplies water at predetermined times through a pipe line 39 to the header 24. The feed water pump 35 is driven by the motor 36 which is actuated through an electrical circuit 43. The electrical circuit 43 is turned olf and on by means of a cam 3'7 driven at constant speed by a timer 44. The cam 37 has spaced cam portions 45 thereon which engage a suitable follower indicated at 46 which opens and closes a switch 47 at predetermined intervals of time of, for example, fifteen seconds or less to cause the feed water pump 35 to pump a predetermined quantity of water into the liquid section 26 of the tubes 23 at predetermined intervals.

The feed water pump 35 could be controlled by an electric timer operating a solenoid valve or any other suitable timing arrangement; however, the cam timer has a definite advantage in certain installations. When a smaller poundage of steam is required than that for which the boiler was designed, the timer may be adjusted to inject water at less frequent intervals. The burners 22 can also be adjusted by means of throttling valves 48 having a calibrated scale 49 calibrated to indicate the correct amount of heat and correct setting in order to convert each quantity of water to steam before another quantity is admitted. An overheat thermocouple 70 is attached to the loop 41 approximately one-fourth way up. The thermocouple 70 is welded to the loop 41 and heavily insulated wires '72 lead to the scale 49 on the valves 48 D v sa to turn the valves 48 ofi in the event of the temperature of the tubes exceeding a predetermined value.

ln operation, the Valves 4S from the burners 22 will be turned on, set at a constant flow position, and ired and the cam 37 driven by the timer 4d will be started. When the cam T57 starts to operate, the motor 36 will drive the constant pressure feed water pump 35 to pump a predetermined quantity o water into the liquid section 2e. This water will be turned into steam at a predetermined relatively short period of time determined by the setting of the valve 4S and this steam will be forced through the vapor section 27 of the tube, superheated, and accumulated in the drum from whence it will be used for its intended purpose. The timer i4 and the cam 37 will be so designed that the pump 35 will inject an additional quantity of water in the liquid section 26 after an elapsed interval of time equal to the time necessary for the re from the burners 22 to turn the previous injected Water into steam. The flame from the hre will extend to the end of the steam or vapor section 27 as indicated in FIG. 1 and steam in the tubes 42 will be superheated. The boiler can be so regulated as a result of the extremely hot lire that can be used because of the inner lining 21 of the boiler and the materials used in the boiler tubes that a quantity of steam far in excess of any previous design of boilers of equivalent size can be generated. The amount of superheat can be regulated by the number of tubes 23. The extra hot gases will be collected by a hood 4t) and exhausted through a suitable vent system connected thereto. If the boiler is to he started manually, a gallonage meter will be provided to measure and deliver the exact amount of water to the boiler relative `to the setting of the valve 48 which can be evaporated in the time allotted.

The embodiment of the invention shown in FlG. 4 shows a boilersimilar to that in FlGS. l to 3. In this embodiment, the spacing of tubes 123 is varied between the rows thereof so that in a section 126, the water will be turned to steam and in a section 127, the steam will be superheated and accumulated in a steam drum 125. The flame from burners 122 extends to the end of a section 142 so that the section 126 is in the hottest part of the fire while the sections 142 which will contain relatively dry steam will be in a somewhat lower heat Zone. The intensity of the llame is controlled by a valve 14S. Therefore, the tubes of the sections 142 will not tend to overheat.

The boiler has a front wall 115, a top wall 116, a bottom wall 117, and a rear wall The front wall 115 has a lining 115. An opening 120 is formed in the front wall 115 to receive the burner 122 a metal lining 121 is provided inside the burner 122. A water preheater 128 is supported on the rear wall of the boiler at 114. A header 124 is connected to a section 141 at 152. A line 33 is connected at 134 to the preheater 128 and to aconstant pressure pump 135 which supplies water to the header 124 through a pipe 139. The pump 135 is driven by a motor 136 which is actuated through an electrical circuit 143 containing a switch 147 opened and closed by a cam 137 which is in turn driven by a timer 144 to open and close the switch 147 at predetermined intervals. The cam 137 has spaced lobes 145 which act through a follower 146 to open and close the switch 147.

The header 124 and the liquid section 141 are spaced from the burners 122 a greater distance than in the embodiment or" the invention shown in FlGS. 1 to 3. The Water preheater 128 is fed by a valve arrangement which will operate a switch intermittently. This is a conventional type of control which operates by reason of the new of water in a bypass pipe 153 and a piston 157 which operates a toggle switch 152 intermittently to connect a motor 151 to the power supply to drive the motor 151 for a predetermined interval of time. Then the switch 152 will be opened by pressure built up in bypass pipe 153 which will act on a piston 157 and move it against the force of a spring 156 and the piston 157 will open the switch 15?. to stop the motor 151. That is, when the piston 157 retracts, it closes the switch 152. This starts a pump 15S which begins to pump water into the preheater 123. Then as water is forced into the preheater 128 by way of a pipe 159, it also enters the bypass pipe 153. This forces the piston 157 to open the switch 152 to stop the motor 151. Thus, the motor 151 and the pump 15S driven thereby will intermittently stop and start at a rate controlled by the setting of a throttling valve 161 which bleeds out the water in a cy luder 150 trapped therein by a check valve 162. The motor 151 will be started when the piston 157 returns to its original position.

The foregoing speciiication sets forth the invention in its preferred practical forms but it will be seen that the structure shown is capable of modication within a range of equivalents without departing from the invention which is to be understood is broadly novel as is commensurate with the appended claim.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are delined as follows:

A once through boiler for supplying a relatively constant output of steam comprising an insulated enclosure dened by a wall, a vapor generating tube disposed in said enclosure and disposed in the form of a plurality of loops therein connected in series with an inlet end and an outlet end, a header, a steam drum adapted to contain steam, one end of said tube being connected to said header and the other end connected to said steam drum, heating means for said enclosure, fuel supply means to supply fuel to said heating means at a constant rate, control means responsive to the temperature of theoutside of said tube connected to said tube and to said fuel supply means to shut oli' said fuel when the temperature of said tube exceeds a predetermined Value, Water supply means connected to said header for supplying water to said header, and timer means connected to said water supply means and adapted to actuate said water supply means to inject water {into said header at predetermined \intervals whereby Water is forced through said tube.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 251,741 Smith lan. 3, 1882 1,774,150 Murray Aug. 26, 1930 2,002,294 McMath May 21, 1935 2,249,682 Clark July 15, 1941 2,660,947 Forschner Dec. l, 1953 2,855,904 Schwander Oct. 14, 1958

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