US313183A - And andeew - Google Patents

Description

KNO Model.) 6 Sheets- Sheet l. W. S. GOLWELL & A. J. DAVIS.

TRIPLE THERMIG MOTOR.

No. 313,183. Patented Mar. 3

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Patented M31. 3, 1885.

TRIPLE THERMIG MOTOR. 1\I .313,133.A N

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(No Model.) 6 Sheesv-SheetJ 3. W. s. COLWELL AU A. J. DAVIS.

TRIPLE THERMIG MOTOR.

No. 313,183. Patented Mar. 3, 1885.-

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet'. 4.

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TRIPLE THERMIG MOTOR. No. 313,183. Patented Mar. 3,1885.

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(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 5. W. S. GOLWELL 8v A. J. DAVIS.

l' TRIPLE THERMIG MUTOR.

Patented Mar. 1885.

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ihvrTnn STATES PATENT @Trina WILLIAM SAMUEL OOLNVELL, OF FITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, AND ANDREV JACKSON DAVIS, OF NEV YORK, ASSIGNORS TO THE TRIPLE THERMIO s MOTOR COMPANY. OF NEW YORK, .N. Y.

TRIPLE THERMIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,183, dated March 3, 1885.

l Application filed January 13, 1885. (No model.)

l T o all whom it may concern,.- l

Be it known that we,- WILLIAM SAMUEL COLWELL, of Pittsburg, in the countyof Allegheny and State oi' Pennsylvania, and AN- DREW JACKSON Davis, of the city and county of New York, in the State of New York. said States being two ofthe United States ofAmerica, have invented a new and useful Improvement on Triple Thermic Motors or Bisulm phide-of-Ca1bon Engines; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The object of our improvement is the utilization ot'speciic, latent, and sensible heat in generating a motor by evolving vapor from bisulphide of carbon for operating engines. Engineers of reputed scientific skill assert that 2o the capacity of a body for heat is termed its specific heat, and may be defined as the number of units of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one pound of that body to 1o Fahrenheit.77 The thermal unit, or "unit of heat,7 as it is termed, is the quantity of heat that will raise one pound of pure water 1 Fahrenheit, or' from 39 t0 40 Fahrenheit.77 "The term latent heat means the quantity of heat which has disappeared from a body,

3o owing to an increase of temperature. The sensible heat7 is that which is ysensible to the touch or measurable by the thermometer.7 The mechanical equivalent of heat is the amount of work performed by the conversion of one unit of heat into work, and the mechanical theory of heat is based on the assumption that heat and work are mutually convertible. Prof. Tyndalls definition of spe ciiic,latent, and sensible heat, brieiiy restated,

4o is that atoms unite and form molecules, molecules unite and form masses. Specific heat is the heat required to cause the atoms to revolve on their axes, o'r when united in molecules to revolve around each other. Latent heat, as

regards steam, is the heat that is consumedin pulling the liquid molecules asunder, forming vapor. When the heat is-withdrawn,the vapor condenses, and precisely the same quantity of heat reappears andV becomes sensible,

valve rods.

loss of units of heat in operating an engine 6o and economizing fuel.

To enable others skilled in the art with which our invention is most nearly connected to make and use the same, we will proceed to describe it and the operation thereof.

Inthe accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, Figure lis a side elevation of one form of apparatus or engine we employ for generating a motor from bisulphide of carbon. 'Fig. 2is'a vertical lon- 7o gitudinal section of a boiler employed for evolving bisulphide ofcarbon into a vapor f for a motor, enlarged view. Fig. 3 is a vertical and transverse section of said boiler at line l of Fig. 2, enlarged view. Fig. 4 75 is a vertical and transverse section of said boiler at line 2 of Fig. 2, enlarged view. Fig. 5 is a vertical and transverse section of said boiler at line 3 of Fig. 2, enlarged view. Fig. 6 is a top or plan of the angle-iron end 8O flanges. Fig. 7 is atop or plan of said' iianges when arranged in juxtaposition. Fig. 8`is a vertical section ot' the regulating-valve for controlling the flow of steam into and around the boiler for evolving the bisulphide into a vapor, enlarged view. Fig. 9 is a vertical section ol' the regulating-valve for controlling the admission of steam into the casing around the vapor-conduit which conveys it to the cylinder of the engine, and into the casing surrounding the said cylinder, for eX- panding and maintaining' the heat of said vapor, enlarged view. Fig. l() is a vertical section of the washer, enlarged view. Fig.

1l is a vertical section of the cylinder-head 95 and packing mechanism for the piston and Fig. l2 represents a side elevation of the heater, enlarged view, showing 4thereof' in the usual way.

a part of the shell broken away for the purpose of representing the heating-coil within said shell.

In the operation of the engine hereinafter described we desire to impress upon the mind of the constructor and operator that the engine does not exhaust the vapor into the atmosphere, nor does any of the vapor escape into the engine-room, as in the case of the ordinary engine, the peculiar construction of the several parts being such as to preclude all possible escape of' vapor.

Another very important feature connected with the use of liquid bisulphide of carbon and the vapor evolved therefrom, is that in its frequent passage from the generator through the engine and condensers, and its return again to the generator, the liquid bisulphide out of carbon is purified and freed from the sulphureted hydrogen, which is always present in the bisulphide of carbon of commerce.

Experience in operating the engine hereinafter described with the vapor of bisulphide of carbon as a motor has demonstrated the fact that two or three days working of said vapor will render the liquidbisulphide nearly inodorous, and the noxious and pungent smell common to bisulphide of' carbon will be destroyed. Samples of the liquid bisulphide, after having beenworked several days, have been drawn from the generator and submitted to manufacturers of liquid bisulphide and to chemists, and they were unable to tell that it was liquid bisulphide of carbon by the senses of sight and smell. p

Having stated the foregoing facts, we will proceed to describe the construction and operation of the engine and the several parts connected therewith.

Reference being had to the accompanying drawings, A represents anordinary steamboiler, which may be provided with the usual appendages common to such boilers.

i The vapor-generator B is shown in longitudinal vertical section in Fig. 2, and in trans verse vertical section in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, in which a represents the casing which surrounds the shell b of the boiler c', which is furnished with a large number of tubes, d, extending through the boiler, and secured in the ends The head e of one end of the boiler extends beyond the diameter lofm the shell b suiiiciently to i'orm a suitable vbearing or flange for attaching it to the fiange of the casing a, to which is also attached the iiange ot' the part l, whichforms a circulatingchamber, g.

On one end and each side of the outer wall of the shell b of the boiler c are secured flanges f, which are attached to andV rest upon simi- 'from end to end of said boiler, and communirable non-conducting covering.

cateswith thevapor-conducting pipe B', which pipe passes through the casing a and the shell b of the boiler c. In the upper side of pipe i are a large number of perforations, and in the lower side a smaller number, the latter perforations being employed for draining said pipe of the liquid resulting from the condensation of the vapor. The pipe t' is used f'or the purpose of drawing off' the vapor evenly and uniformly from the upper compartment of the boiler. On the under side of' the boiler c, in the space j formed by the casing a, is arranged a perforated pipe, 7c, which communicates with steam-supply pipe A', and is employed for the distribution of' steam around the lower half of the shell b of the boiler c, the steam being confined around the lower half of the boiler by the flanges j', and caused to iiow through the tubes d into the distributing or circulating chamber g, from which it iiows back through the tubes d, above the flanges f, and

surrounds the upper half of the boiler, the course of the steam being indicated by arrows. The bonnet Z and the end m are stayed through the medium of rods n, which pass through the tubes d and through said bonnet and end m, and are secured thereto by screw-nuts, as shown. rlhe casing a is surrounded by a suit- The pipe B' communicates with the vapor-chest of the cylinder'of' the engine C, and is surrounded with a casing, C', which is supplied with live steam directly from the steam-boiler A, and automatically controlled by a regulating-valve, F', which casing C also communicates with` the casing which surrounds the vapor chest and cylinder of the engine C, which is of ordinary y construction and operation. By this construction and arrangement ot' the boiler c, casing a, chamber g, and pipes i, k, and A', the steam is distributed thoroughly over the entire surface of the shellb, and caused to travel through the tubes clin one direction in the lower half` of the boiler c and in an opposite direction IIO through the tubes d, located above the iianges f, the steam acting first on the lower half of the shell ofthe boiler c, heating it, then passing through tubesd in thatpart, heating them, and then passing into chamber g, and from it entering the tubes d. above the iiangesf, heating them, and, passing from them, enters the upper half of the steam-space, spreading over the uppersurt'ace ofthe shell b, heating it, so that the bisulphide of carbon evolved into vapor in the lower part of the boilerc is superheated in the upper part of it, and enters the pipe B', which, beingl surrounded b v the casing-valve L M, passing from it through pipe Q to pipe k into the lower part of the casing a, and is distributed as hereinbefore described, the quantity and pressure of steam in. the easing a being controlled by the regulating-valve L M, so that any desired pressure of bisulphide-of-carbon vapor may be obtained by the proper adjustment of said valve.

In practice we have found that a pressure ofabout eight pounds per square inch ofboilcrsurface is sufficient to evolve a vapor of about seventy pounds pressure per square inch of boiler-surface, and that forty -ive pounds pressure per square inch of boiler-surface in the steam-boiler A, being conveyed through pipe o into the casing C, will superheat the vapor and increase the tension and pressure thereof after it leaves the vaporgenerator or boiler c. The casing C around the vapor-conduit B,and the casing around the cylinder and vapor-chest of the engine C, are also provided with suitable non-conducting coverings.

The iiangcs of angle -iron represented in Figs. 6 and 7 are secured one to the inner end wall ofthe casing a, the other to the end of the boiler c, about the horizontal center of said boiler and casing, the one resting upon the other, as shown in Fig. 7, forming t-he side and one-end partitions between the lower and upper part ofthe casing, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, with suitable openings in the end partition for the heating-coil p, which communicates with the coil g in the heater D, which communicates with the pump H, which coinmunicates with the well G. Thelower end of the heater D communicates with the exhaust of the engine C through the medium of pipe D', which is provided with a stop-valve, P, which is employed for the purpose'of cutting off the engine C from communication with the condensers E and F, thereby preventing the vacuum formed in the condensers and well G from being destroyed while adjusting or repairing any part 0f the engine C. The upper end of the heater D communicates with the condenser E through the medium of pipe T, and the condenser E communicates with the auxiliary condenserF through the mediumpf pipe U, and the auxiliary condenser F commucates with the vacuum-pump Ithrough themedium of pipe V, and with the well yG through the medium of pipe WV, and the well G communicates with the pumpHthrough the medium of pipe K,and pump H communicates with the heating-coil in heater D through the medium of pipeY,which coil is heated by the exhaustvapor from the engine, and the heating-coil g in heater D by pipe Q communicates with the coil p in the casing a., where the liquid bisulphide is further heated by the steam in casing a before entering the boiler c, and said coil communicates with the boiler c, thereby returning tlie liquid bisulphide into said boiler at or about its boiling-point. The condensers F and E are supplied with water through the medium of pipe E', the water iiowing into the auxiliary condenser F, and from y:it through pipe U into condenser E, and the overflow passing olf through the medium of pipe K. The condensed bisulphide of carbon flows from the condenserE through pipe G to the'vacuam-pump Lwhich also draws off the air and uncondensed vapors from the condenser, and discharges said liquid, air, and vapors through pipe V into the auxiliary condenser F, from which they flowlthrough pipe W into the well G. The uncondensed vapors, gases, and air contained in the well G pass up through pipe H, having check-valve t, and down into and below the surface of the water contained in the washer K, which is provided with awateril are condensed through the medium of the wajf terin the washer K, the liquid bisulphide of carbon purified and precipitated into the bottom of the heater, and withdrawn at suitable intervals through the pipe r, and returned into the well G, while the incondensablegases and washed air pass off through the pipe I into the overflow-pipe K, by which they are carried to any suitable point.

The washer K is provided with asight-gage,

L', for indicating the height of the water inl said washer.

The petcocks s s, when open, communicate with the drain-pipe M', which communicates with the casing around the cylinder and with the steam-trap R', and the steam-trap R conimunicates, through the medium of pipeu,with the pipe O, which communicates with the boiler-feed pump J, whereby the water of condensation in the casingl C and casing of the cylinder is conveyed to/ the pump J.

IIO

The pipe N communicates with the casing a v of the bisulphide-boiler c and with the pipe O', whereby the water ofeondensation is conveyed from the casing c to the pump J, thus returning all of said water of condensation to the lsteam-boiler A at about the boiling-point.

To the steam-pipe A is attached a pipe, o, for supplying the pump J with steam, and the exhaust-steam of said pump is conducted through pipe w into the pipe Q', which conveys steam at a pressure lower than the boilerpressure into the casing a which surrounds the bisulphide-boiler c.

rIhe pipe x, connected with the steam-pipe A', conducts steam to the vacuum-pump I, and its steam is exhausted through pipe a into the pipe Q.

The pipe y, connected to the steam-pipe A', conducts steam to the pump H, and its steam is exhausted through pipe b into the pipe Q.

By exhausting the steam from the several pumps as described, the heat of said exhauststeam is utilized, in conjunction with the steam directly from the steam-boiler A, to evolve vapor from the liquid bisulphide of carbon in theboiler c.

' To the valve-casing of the valve P in the exhaust-pipe D' is attached a pipe, T', having a U trap S', which pipe communicates with the pipe G'. By this arrangement the liquid bisulphide of carbon result-ing from condensationin the exhaust-pipe D' and in the casing of the valve l? is conveyed to the vacuum- I pump I, anddischarged through the pipe V placed between them-such as asbestus.

into the auxiliary condenser F, from which it is discharged into the well G.

To relieve the vapor-generator of air, preparatory to admitting steam to evolve vapor, pipes y" are provided, which communicate withthe space between the casing a and vapor-boiler c. Above the horizontal partition therein said pipes terminate in one pipe,which passes through the outer casing, and is pro- -vided with a suitable Valve for controlling the iiow of the air. Said pipe may be connected .with the overflow-pipe from the condenser E or discharge into the open air.

The bisulphide-of-carbon boiler or generator is provided with a safety-valve, U', of ordinary construction,which communicates with the vapor-conduit B' through the medium of the pipe X' and with the condenser E through the medium of pipe V'. This valve is einployed to carry off any excess of 4pressure of theV vapor in the boiler c, and to conduct it to the condenser. Y

The regulating-valve L M (see Fig. 8) conk.sistsof two chambers, c' d', which are secured :together with a non-conducting packing, e', The .chamber c' is provided with a plunger, h', connected to a pivoted lever, f', having an adjustable weight, g'. rlhe lower end of the plunger h' is of the form of asection of a sphere, which prevents it from cutting or otherwise injuring the elastic diaphragm n', which divides the chamber c' into two compartments. The chamber d' is furnished with a balancevalve, i', and seats for it. The stem j' of said valve is connected to the lever f To the chamber d is attached a pipe, A', which communicates with the steam-boiler A.

To the chamber c' is connected apipe, q'f, which communicates with the boiler c, and is provided with a valve, Z', above which the pipe q' is filled with water. The weight g'being adjusted'on leverf for the desired working-pressure of vapor of the bisulphide of carbon' in the boiler c. Steam from boiler A,

,owing through pipe A', enters the chamber now being opened, the vapor of bisulphide of by diminishing the flow of steam through pipe Q' when the pressure of bisulphide-of-carbon vapor is greater than that determined upon and increasing said flow when it is less, thus increasing or diminishing heat around and through the-liquid bisulphide of carbon in boiler c, whereby the desired working-pressure of the vapor of bisulphide of carbon is always maintained.

The supply and regulating valve F' is constructed in all respects the same as the regulating-valve L M, excepting the pipes s' t', the latter of which communicates with the casing C' surrounding the conduit B', leading to the cylinder of the engine, and the operation of valve F' is the same as the valve L M, excepting that the steam which enters it also operates the valve and plunger for controlling the admission of said steam into the casing G'. The pipe o, attached to the valve F', communicates with the steam-boiler A. Now, by adjusting the weight o' on the lever p', for obtaining the pressure of steam desired in the casing C', which may be indicated by the gage, the operationwill be as follows: The steam iiowing from the steam-boilerAthrough pipe o enters the chamber 1"', and from it, through pipe t', enters casing C', which communicates with the casing around the cylinder of the engine C, so that the same pressure of steam which is in the casing C' will also be in the casing of the cylinder. In the event of the pressure in the boiler Aincreasing beyond that determined upon in the casing C', the pressure of steam will act against the diaphragm u', which,acting against the plunger o', will thereby, through the medium of lever p', close the valve w', so as to cut oli' or partly cut off the steam until the desired pressure is attained in the case C' and the casing of the cylinder of IlO the engine C. t If the pressure in said casings y should become less than that desired, then the weight o', through the medium of the lever p', will open the valve w', so as to admit more steam, and will hold the valve open till the desired pressure is attained. It will be described are provided with suitable valves `for controlling the flow of the liquids, iiuids,

and gases which flow through the said pipes. The Well G is provided with the usual sightgage, and the casing a, the vapor-boiler c,

the steam-pipe A', and casing C are provided with pressure-gages for indicating the pressure in said parts.

The piston and valve rods are packed as follows, (see Fig. ll, in which a is the pistourod, b is the cylinder-head, having packingcaps c" d, packing-glands ef, and ring g, having recesses hf,which communicate with each other by a series of openings:) In the projection j of the cylindenhead is a chamber inwhich is placed plumbago packing,the ring g, then plumbago packing,which is followed by the gland f ",whichis provided withv a chamber, k, for oil, and a recess, Z, for the reception of plumbago packing, which is followed by the packing-gland e". The glands e f are forced against the packing by means of the screw-caps c d. The oil-cup m"coxn municates with the chamber k'in the gland f by means of a pipe, u, having a valve, 0, whereby the rod is-surrounded with oil. The projection j of the cylinder-head b is provided with a pipe, p, which communicates with the exhaust-pipe D of the engine, as shown in Fig. l, which is connected to the vacuum-pump J whereby the escaping vapors from around the rods are conducted to the vacuum-pump and eventuallyinto the wellG.

The lubricating device for the engine consists of pipe 1", which communicates with the valve-chest and cylinder of said engine and the conduit B', said pipe having valves s".

To lthe piper is attacheda vessel communicating with said pipe at a point between the valves s. The operator charges into the vessel q pulverized plumbago,(which is the only lubricant used in connection with the engine cylinder and valve,) and then opens the valves s", and the vapor from the conduit B forces the plumbago into the valve-chest and cylinder, lubricating the valve and the piston.

The engine may be supplied with cut-off mechanism common to steam-engines.

The operation of our invention is as follows: Steam generated in boiler A is conducted through pipe A. Passing through pressurereducing valve L M, it is conveyed into the casing a by pipe Q, and distributed by pipek around the bisulphide-of-carbon-vapor boiler c at a pressure (and consequently a temperature) greatly below that of the steam in the boiler A, and evolves vapor from said liquid bisulphide of carbon, which vapor as it risesin the boileris superheated in the upper part thereof, and conducted through a conduit, B', to the engine, the vapor conduit, cylinder, and valve-chest being provided with casings supplied with steam i'rom the boiler under greater pressure (and consequently at a higher temperature) than the steam which evolved the vapor, it (the vapor) has its tension increased, and is maintained at such increased tension until it has performed its ofiice upon the piston of the engine. rlhe exhaust-vapor is conducted from the engine through ther Way to the boiler, in which it is again evolved into vapor. -From the heater D the vapor passes onto the condenser E, in which it passes around a series of tubes through which cold water is kept in constant circulation. From the condenser E the liquid bisulphide, the condensed vapor or gas, and air are drawn by the vacuum-pump l, and thereby conducted into the auxiliary condenser F, where further condensation is effected in like manner. The liquid bisulphide then passes from the condenser F into the well G, the uncondensed vapor, gas, and the air passing from the well G into the washer H, where they are passed through a body of water, condensing the remaining condensable vapor, and relieving the' ,air and incondensable gases of their noxious odors, after which they pass through a pipe to the overflow-pipe leading from the condenser E. The liquid bisulphide of carbon precipitated in the bottom of the washer, being withdrawn at suitable intervals and passed into the well G, is also returned to the boilerc, to be worked over and over again. From the heater D the liquid bisulphide of carbon is conducted through pipe Q into and through a coil located in one end of the casing a, where it is subjected to the heat'ot' the steam in said casing before it is delivered into the body of the liquid in the boiler c, thus greatly increasing the temperature and facilitating its evolvement into vapor in said boiler c. v-

By the steps above enumerated it will be observed that upon starting the engine the liquid bisulphide of carbon is iirstsubjected IOO IIO

to heat in the boiler c of vcomparatively low temperature, to evolve vapor, and the vaporl subjected to a higher temperature, to superheat it and consequently increase its tension, which increased tension is maintained throughout the time the vapor is performing work in the engine. After the vapor has passed through the engine and condenser the steps in the op-n .coil p in the end of the casing a, where its temperature is still further increased by the heat of the steam in said casing. and enters the bisulphide-boiler c at its boiling-point. In the lower part of the boiler the liquid-bisulphide IZO of carbon is evolved into vapor, and the vapor is superheated in the upper part of said boiler c by the steam in the casing a, and after leaving the boiler c the vapor is still further superheated by live steam at a higher degree of pressure (and consequent temperature) drawn directly from the steam-.boiler A.

The su pply of steam from the steam-boiler to the vapor-generator may be cut oii' at will by means of the stop-valve R, between said boiler and the pressure-regulating valve L M. By the construction and arrangement of the automatic pressure-regulating valves which control the supply of steam from the steamboiler A to the vapor-generating boiler c and to the casing C', the pressure of the vapor evolved in the generator, and the tension of the vapor in the conduit B', will be kept at a predetermined height. Should the pressure in the vapor-generator increase above that required, from any cause (such as the reduction ofthe work required to be done by the engine) the excess of vapor will immediately open the safety-valve U and iiow through pipe V' to the condenser E, thus avoiding any danger from said excess of vapor in the boiler c, while at the same time the supply of steam to the vapor-boiler and to the casing C around the vapor-conduit will be cut off until the pressure is reduced in both to the desired amount. All of the pumps aresupplied with steam from the main steam-supply pipe A', and theY exhaust therefrom is returned to the pipe Q', which conducts steam at a reduced pressure to the easing a, surrounding the vapor-boiler c.

By connecting the chambers in the packingboxes around the piston and valve rod andthe cylinder petcocks with the exhaust-pipe and vacuum-pump allpossibility-of escape of vapor is absolutely obviated. All of the Water resulting from the condeusat-ion of steam apnlied to evolve the liquid bisulphide of carbon into vapor and to superheat the said vapor is returned by pump J to the steam-boiler A at nearly its boiling-point.

- The various methods involved and the means employed in generating a motor, and the construction of the packing-boxes for the piston and valve rods of the engine are not herein claimed, broadly, as they Vconstitute subjects-matter of claims in the applications of William S.' Colwell, numbered, respectively, 138,819, 140,111, 140,969, and 141,109,

filed July 26, August 9, August 19, and August 21, 1884, but only so much of the means as are speciiically set forth in our claims.

Havingthus fully described our invention, what We claim is- 1. In a bisulphide-ofcarbon engine, the 6o combination of a steam-boiler, a vapor-generator, a main and an auxiliary condenser, and a well to collect the liquid bisulphide of carbon resulting from condensation of the exhaust-vapors from the engine, substantially as described. Y

2. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the combination of a steamboiler, a vapor-gcn erator,a main and an auxiliary condenser, a

supply-pipe conducting water to the auxiliary 7o condenser, from which it passes to the main condenser, a Water-overflow pipe, and a Well, substantially as described.

3. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the

combination of a steam-boiler, a vapor'gena 75 erator, a heater, a main and auxiliary condenser, a Well, and a vacuuurpump, substantially as described. 4. In a bisulpldeof-carbon engine, the

combination of a steam-boiler, a vaporgen- 8o era-tor, a heater, a main and auxiliary condenser, a well, a washer, andavacuum-pump, substantially as described;

5. In a bisulphide-of-carbon engine, the combination ot' a stean1-boiler, a vapor-gen- 85 generator of air preparatory to introducing 95 steam to evolve vapor, substantially asdescribed.

VILLIAM SAMUEL GOLWELL. ANDREW J AGKSON DAVIS.

lvitnesses for William Samuel Colwell:

J AMES J. J oHNsT'oN, FRED W. HAAs.

\Vitnesses for Andrew Jackson Davis:

THOMAS W. KNIGHT, EDWIN E. WISE.

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