US3130135A - Nickel plating - Google Patents

Nickel plating Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3130135A
US3130135A US239329A US23932962A US3130135A US 3130135 A US3130135 A US 3130135A US 239329 A US239329 A US 239329A US 23932962 A US23932962 A US 23932962A US 3130135 A US3130135 A US 3130135A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
imidazol
nickel
nickel plating
aliphatic
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US239329A
Inventor
Ericson Harry Axel Herman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STURE GRANBERGER FA
STURE GRANBERGER Firma
Original Assignee
STURE GRANBERGER FA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STURE GRANBERGER FA filed Critical STURE GRANBERGER FA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3130135A publication Critical patent/US3130135A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D233/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
    • C25D3/14—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt from baths containing acetylenic or heterocyclic compounds
    • C25D3/18—Heterocyclic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bath for electrolytic deposition of nickel coatings having high brightness and good ductility, and to a process of nickel plating by using this bath.
  • a great number of brightening organic additives employed in nickel plating contain C N groups, among which imidazol compounds are found.
  • the imidazol compounds normally may be referred to brighteners of the second class or levellers, and are in such case used together with brighteners of the first class or carriers.
  • the said new bri teners of imidazol type have, thus, in the 2-position a substituent with one or several double or triple bonds, one of these bonds preferably being in conjugated position to the double bond in the 2-position of the imidazol nucleus.
  • the said substituents in the 2-position are preferably alkenyl or alkynyl groups containing up to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the cyclic hydrocarbon radical contemplated as R is preferably aromatic, as for example a phenyl group.
  • the substituent in the 2-position is an unsaturated, aliphatic radical with more than one unsaturated bond, it probably includes more than 6 carbon atoms, for example in the case of two double bonds up to 12 carbon atoms or more.
  • the substituent in the 2-position is an unsaturated aliphatic bridge having an aromatic radical attached thereto
  • the aliphatic bridge preferably is a radical containing at maximum 6 carbon atoms
  • the aromatic radical consists preferably of a phenyl group.
  • the said substituents in the 2-position may contain groups rendering the compound more water soluble, for example sulphonic or carboxylic groups.
  • the substituents in the 4- and S-position of the imidazol ring are preferably hydrogen atoms or methyl ice groups, but may also be other unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl groups containing, for example, up to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the substituent groups in the 4- and S-position may be of same or different type.
  • the substituent in the 3-position of the imidazol ring is preferably hydrogen, but may also be a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, such as an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkoxy group, above all such groups having at maximum 6 carbon atoms, or an amino containing group, for example an amino alkyl group, such as an amino ethyl or amino propyl group.
  • amino containing groups may be amino alkyl-amino alkyl groups wherein alkyl preferably consists of methyl or ethyl, a piperazinyl group or groups containing 3 or 4 amino groups attached to each other by means of methylene or ethylene groups.
  • a cyclic radical as substituent in 3-position is normally heterocyclic or flomatic.
  • the new brighteners are active in very low concentrations and may, for example, be applied in a concentration as low as 0.001 g./litre. They are preferably applied in a concentration not exceeding 0.1 g./ litre.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out. in a manner known for nickel plating metal objects, but with a bath containing a brightener described above.
  • the new brighteners are highly superior to the simple imidazol compounds.
  • the nickel deposits obtained show improved ductility.
  • the new brighteners are combined with brighteners of the first class, usually aromatic sulphur compounds, such as sodium benzene disulphonate, sodium naphthalene trisulphonate, sulphonamides, sulphonirnides, and the like.
  • the new brighteners are excellently to incorporate in most of the bright nickel plating baths known per se, for example acid aqueous baths containing at least one nickel salt.
  • the nickel plating bath may, for example, be of sulphate, chloride, fluoborate or sulphamate type.
  • the said new brighteners are new chemical compounds which are preferably synthetized in a manner analogous with that used for unsubstituted imidazol. If desired, an unsubstituted or partially imidazol may be substituted in a manner known per se.
  • Example 1 A nickel plating bath of the following composition is prepared and applied at the current densities and temperatures as indicated in the table below:
  • Example 2 In this experiment a nickel plating bath of the below composition is used at the current densities and temperatures as indicated in the following table.
  • Nickel sulphate g./l 300 Nickel chloride g./l 60 Boric acid g./l 40 Sodium naphthalene trisulphonate g./l 15 Z-ethynyl-imidazol g./l 0.01 pH 3.5 .0 Current density a./drn. 2-8 Temperature C 45-60 Even in this example stirring of the nickel plating bath during the deposition of nickel proved desirable. The nickel coating obtained is even in this case of uniform and good brightness as well as of good ductility.
  • Example 3 the nickel plating bath had the composition and was used at the current densities and tem- Even in this case it proved desirable to stir the nickel plating bath while the nickel deposition was going on. The brightness obtained was uniform and good over the entire plate and the nickel deposit showed good ductility.
  • Example 4 In this experiment a nickel plating bath was used which had the composition as follows:
  • the imidazol brightener applied in this example was 2-propenyl-3-diethylenediamin-imidazol having the forv mula:
  • Example 4 The experiment as carried out in Example 4 was repeated under the conditions indicated, with the exception, however, that as imidazol brightener was used 2- (fi-phenylethenyl)-3-(,B-hydroxyethyl) -imidazol in an amount of 0.02 g./l.
  • the nickel deposit resulting from this experiment showed uniform and good brightness over the entire plate.
  • Example 6-12 The experiment as carried out in Example 4 was repeated under the conditions indicated, the nickel plating bath having the composition as defined in Example 4, with the exception, however, that as imidazol brightener 0.01 g./l. of the imidazols as listed in the table below 4 was used. In some examples, the structural formula of the imidazol used is shown.
  • Example Imidazol brightener Formula 6 3-propynyl-imidazol. 7 2-propenyl-3-(flhydroxyethyD- imidazol. 8 3-propeny1-imidazo1... lfiI("3H HC ⁇ /GH I
  • l' CH2 OHtOHg 9 t. 2-propeny1-3- aminoethylimidazol. 10 2-pr0penyl-3-butylimidazol. 11 2-propenyl-4,5- N--CCH dimethyl-imidazol. I! ll CH;-CH OHC ⁇ /OOH3 12 3-propynylamino- N CH ethyl-imidazol. II II HG CH 1? NO H4.NH.CH .CECH
  • the nickel deposits obtained by these experiments showed good ductility and uniform as well as good brightness.
  • Nickel plating bath containing at least one nickel salt as a source of nickel and as a brightener, an imidazol compound having the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and AR A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of unsaturated and saturated, aliphatic and cyclic radicals, and aromatic radicals; wherein R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -A-R A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals and aliphatic radicals bearing at least one amino group, and alkoxy groups; at least one of R and R being present and at least one of R and R being an unsaturated radical; said brightener being provided in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 gram/liter.
  • Process for nickel plating comprising electrodepositing nickel from a bath containing at least one nickel salt as a source of nickel and as a brightener, an imidazol compound having the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and A-R A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of unsaturated and saturated, aliphatic and cyclic radicals and aromatic radicals; wherein R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and AR A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals and aliphatic radicals bearing at least one amino group, and alkoxy groups; at least one of R and R being present and at least one of R and R being an unsaturated radical; said brightener being provided in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 gram/liter.

Description

United States Patent 3,130,135 NICKEL PLATING Harry Axel Herman Ericson, Stockholm, Sweden, as-
signor by mesne assignments, to Firma Sture Granberger, Bochum, Germany, a firm No Drawing. Filed Nov. 21, 1962, Ser. No. 239,329
Claims priority, application Sweden Nov. 21, 1961 6 Claims. (Q1. 204-49) The invention relates to a bath for electrolytic deposition of nickel coatings having high brightness and good ductility, and to a process of nickel plating by using this bath.
A great number of brightening organic additives employed in nickel plating contain C N groups, among which imidazol compounds are found. The imidazol compounds normally may be referred to brighteners of the second class or levellers, and are in such case used together with brighteners of the first class or carriers.
Conventional brighteners of the imidazol type show, however, in almost all cases a tendency of effecting brittle nickel deposits with low ductility. As the conventional brighteners, moreover, have a poor surface levelling action, it is only with difficulty possible to obtain brightness on a dull or ground basic surface.
It has now proved possible to produce nickel coatings with high brightness and good ductility by employing nickel plating baths containing an imidazol compound of the formula wherein R is hydrogen, an aliphatic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical or -A-R whereof A designates an unsaturated aliphatic bridge and R an aromatic radical, a double or triple bond in R preferably being conjugated with the double bond at the carbon atom in the 2-position of the irnidazol nucleus, and wherein R and R are hydrogen, aliphatic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals and R is hydrogen and -AR wherein A is an aliphatic bridge and R is aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals or an aliphatic radical containing one or several amino groups, or an alkoxy group, at least one of R and R being an unsaturated radical, preferably an unsaturated aliphatic radical.
In one embodiment of the invention, the said new bri teners of imidazol type have, thus, in the 2-position a substituent with one or several double or triple bonds, one of these bonds preferably being in conjugated position to the double bond in the 2-position of the imidazol nucleus. The said substituents in the 2-position are preferably alkenyl or alkynyl groups containing up to 6 carbon atoms. The cyclic hydrocarbon radical contemplated as R is preferably aromatic, as for example a phenyl group. When the substituent in the 2-position is an unsaturated, aliphatic radical with more than one unsaturated bond, it probably includes more than 6 carbon atoms, for example in the case of two double bonds up to 12 carbon atoms or more. When the substituent in the 2-position is an unsaturated aliphatic bridge having an aromatic radical attached thereto, the aliphatic bridge preferably is a radical containing at maximum 6 carbon atoms, and the aromatic radical consists preferably of a phenyl group. The said substituents in the 2-position may contain groups rendering the compound more water soluble, for example sulphonic or carboxylic groups.
The substituents in the 4- and S-position of the imidazol ring are preferably hydrogen atoms or methyl ice groups, but may also be other unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl groups containing, for example, up to 4 carbon atoms. The substituent groups in the 4- and S-position may be of same or different type. If they are not hydrogen or methyl groups, they are preferably the same unsaturated groups as indicated for R The substituent in the 3-position of the imidazol ring is preferably hydrogen, but may also be a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, such as an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkoxy group, above all such groups having at maximum 6 carbon atoms, or an amino containing group, for example an amino alkyl group, such as an amino ethyl or amino propyl group. Other amino containing groups may be amino alkyl-amino alkyl groups wherein alkyl preferably consists of methyl or ethyl, a piperazinyl group or groups containing 3 or 4 amino groups attached to each other by means of methylene or ethylene groups. A cyclic radical as substituent in 3-position is normally heterocyclic or flomatic.
In the bath according to the invention, the new brighteners are active in very low concentrations and may, for example, be applied in a concentration as low as 0.001 g./litre. They are preferably applied in a concentration not exceeding 0.1 g./ litre.
The process according to the invention is carried out. in a manner known for nickel plating metal objects, but with a bath containing a brightener described above.
With respect to their brightening and above all their surface levell ng action, the new brighteners are highly superior to the simple imidazol compounds. In addition, the nickel deposits obtained show improved ductility. For obtaining the highest degree of freedom of stress in the coating in combination with brightest ductility, the new brighteners are combined with brighteners of the first class, usually aromatic sulphur compounds, such as sodium benzene disulphonate, sodium naphthalene trisulphonate, sulphonamides, sulphonirnides, and the like. The new brighteners are excellently to incorporate in most of the bright nickel plating baths known per se, for example acid aqueous baths containing at least one nickel salt. The nickel plating bath may, for example, be of sulphate, chloride, fluoborate or sulphamate type.
The said new brighteners are new chemical compounds which are preferably synthetized in a manner analogous with that used for unsubstituted imidazol. If desired, an unsubstituted or partially imidazol may be substituted in a manner known per se.
The invention is illustrated by way of the following examples.
Example 1 A nickel plating bath of the following composition is prepared and applied at the current densities and temperatures as indicated in the table below:
It has proved desirable to keep the nickel plating bath moving while the nickel deposition is going on. Hereby a uniform and highly satisfactory bright coating over the entire plate is obtained.
Example 2 In this experiment a nickel plating bath of the below composition is used at the current densities and temperatures as indicated in the following table.
Nickel sulphate g./l 300 Nickel chloride g./l 60 Boric acid g./l 40 Sodium naphthalene trisulphonate g./l 15 Z-ethynyl-imidazol g./l 0.01 pH 3.5 .0 Current density a./drn. 2-8 Temperature C 45-60 Even in this example stirring of the nickel plating bath during the deposition of nickel proved desirable. The nickel coating obtained is even in this case of uniform and good brightness as well as of good ductility.
Example 3 In this example, the nickel plating bath had the composition and was used at the current densities and tem- Even in this case it proved desirable to stir the nickel plating bath while the nickel deposition was going on. The brightness obtained was uniform and good over the entire plate and the nickel deposit showed good ductility.
Example 4 In this experiment a nickel plating bath was used which had the composition as follows:
Nickel sulphate g./l 300 Nickel chloride g./l 60 Boric acid g./l 40 Sodium naphthalene trisulphonate g. L- p-Benzoic acid sulphonimide, sodium salt g./l 0.5 Imidazol brightener according to the invention g./l 0.001 Sodium lauryl sulphate g./l 0.25
The imidazol brightener applied in this example was 2-propenyl-3-diethylenediamin-imidazol having the forv mula:
The experiment as carried out in Example 4 was repeated under the conditions indicated, with the exception, however, that as imidazol brightener was used 2- (fi-phenylethenyl)-3-(,B-hydroxyethyl) -imidazol in an amount of 0.02 g./l. The nickel deposit resulting from this experiment showed uniform and good brightness over the entire plate.
Examples 6-12 The experiment as carried out in Example 4 was repeated under the conditions indicated, the nickel plating bath having the composition as defined in Example 4, with the exception, however, that as imidazol brightener 0.01 g./l. of the imidazols as listed in the table below 4 was used. In some examples, the structural formula of the imidazol used is shown.
Example Imidazol brightener Formula 6 3-propynyl-imidazol. 7 2-propenyl-3-(flhydroxyethyD- imidazol. 8 3-propeny1-imidazo1... lfiI("3H HC\ /GH I| l' CH2 OHtOHg 9 t. 2-propeny1-3- aminoethylimidazol. 10 2-pr0penyl-3-butylimidazol. 11 2-propenyl-4,5- N--CCH dimethyl-imidazol. I! ll CH;-CH=OHC\ /OOH3 12 3-propynylamino- N CH ethyl-imidazol. II II HG CH 1? NO H4.NH.CH .CECH
The nickel deposits obtained by these experiments showed good ductility and uniform as well as good brightness.
What I claim is:
l. Nickel plating bath containing at least one nickel salt as a source of nickel and as a brightener, an imidazol compound having the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and AR A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of unsaturated and saturated, aliphatic and cyclic radicals, and aromatic radicals; wherein R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -A-R A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals and aliphatic radicals bearing at least one amino group, and alkoxy groups; at least one of R and R being present and at least one of R and R being an unsaturated radical; said brightener being provided in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 gram/liter.
2. Nickel plating bath according to claim 1 wherein a double bond in R is conjugated with the double bond at the carbon atom of the 2-position of the imidazol nucleus.
3. Nickel plating bath according to claim 1 wherein a triple bond in R is conjugated with the double bond at the carbon atom of the 2-position of the imidazol nucleus.
4. Process for nickel plating comprising electrodepositing nickel from a bath containing at least one nickel salt as a source of nickel and as a brightener, an imidazol compound having the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and A-R A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of unsaturated and saturated, aliphatic and cyclic radicals and aromatic radicals; wherein R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and AR A being an aliphatic bridge and R being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals and aliphatic radicals bearing at least one amino group, and alkoxy groups; at least one of R and R being present and at least one of R and R being an unsaturated radical; said brightener being provided in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 gram/liter.
5. Process for nickel plating according to claim 4 wherein a double bond in R is conjugated With the double bond at the carbon atom of the 2-position of the imidazol nucleus.
6. Process for nickel plating according to claim 4 wherein a triple bond in R is conjugated with the double bond at the carbon atom of the 2-position of the irm'dazol nucleus.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims (1)

1. NICKEL PLATING BATH CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE NICKEL SALT AS A SOURCE OF NICKEL AND AS A BRIGHTENER, AN IMIDAZOL COMPOUND HAVING THE FORMULA
US239329A 1961-11-21 1962-11-21 Nickel plating Expired - Lifetime US3130135A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1158561 1961-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3130135A true US3130135A (en) 1964-04-21

Family

ID=20294231

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US239329A Expired - Lifetime US3130135A (en) 1961-11-21 1962-11-21 Nickel plating

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3130135A (en)
DE (1) DE1233690B (en)
GB (1) GB962873A (en)
NL (1) NL285768A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3261772A (en) * 1963-12-17 1966-07-19 Sture Granberger Fa Nickel electroplating bath and process
US3312604A (en) * 1962-10-25 1967-04-04 Albright & Wilson Mfg Ltd Electrodeposition of nickel
US3376207A (en) * 1965-05-17 1968-04-02 Patent Serm Ag Electrodeposition of nickel and electrolytes therefor
US4102755A (en) * 1973-06-01 1978-07-25 Langbein-Pfanhauser Werke Ag Method of and electrolytic bath for the electrodeposition of semibright nickel and nickel-cobalt coatings upon a metal surface

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4010084A (en) * 1973-06-01 1977-03-01 Langbein-Pfanhauser Werke Ag Method of and electrolytic bath for the electrodeposition of semibright nickel and nickel-cobalt coatings upon a metal surface

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2684327A (en) * 1951-11-02 1954-07-20 United Chromium Inc Bright nickel plating
US2737484A (en) * 1952-10-31 1956-03-06 United Chromium Inc Bright nickel plating
US2905692A (en) * 1958-02-28 1959-09-22 Merck & Co Inc Synthesis of imidazoles
US2986500A (en) * 1959-04-21 1961-05-30 Metal & Thermit Corp Electrodeposition of bright nickel
US3037028A (en) * 1959-07-06 1962-05-29 Air Prod & Chem Synthesis of imidazoles
US3054733A (en) * 1957-06-05 1962-09-18 Langbein Pfanhauser Werke Ag Composition for the electrolytic deposition of well levelled and ductile nickel coatings of mirror-like luster

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2684327A (en) * 1951-11-02 1954-07-20 United Chromium Inc Bright nickel plating
US2737484A (en) * 1952-10-31 1956-03-06 United Chromium Inc Bright nickel plating
US3054733A (en) * 1957-06-05 1962-09-18 Langbein Pfanhauser Werke Ag Composition for the electrolytic deposition of well levelled and ductile nickel coatings of mirror-like luster
US2905692A (en) * 1958-02-28 1959-09-22 Merck & Co Inc Synthesis of imidazoles
US2986500A (en) * 1959-04-21 1961-05-30 Metal & Thermit Corp Electrodeposition of bright nickel
US3037028A (en) * 1959-07-06 1962-05-29 Air Prod & Chem Synthesis of imidazoles

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3312604A (en) * 1962-10-25 1967-04-04 Albright & Wilson Mfg Ltd Electrodeposition of nickel
US3261772A (en) * 1963-12-17 1966-07-19 Sture Granberger Fa Nickel electroplating bath and process
US3376207A (en) * 1965-05-17 1968-04-02 Patent Serm Ag Electrodeposition of nickel and electrolytes therefor
US4102755A (en) * 1973-06-01 1978-07-25 Langbein-Pfanhauser Werke Ag Method of and electrolytic bath for the electrodeposition of semibright nickel and nickel-cobalt coatings upon a metal surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1233690B (en) 1967-02-02
NL285768A (en)
GB962873A (en) 1964-07-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2882209A (en) Electrodeposition of copper from an acid bath
US2830014A (en) Electroplating process
US3677909A (en) Palladium-nickel alloy plating bath
US2910413A (en) Brighteners for electroplating baths
Boto Organic additives in zinc electroplating
KR19980018666A (en) Tin electroplating method
US3729393A (en) Electrodeposition of copper
US4036711A (en) Electrodeposition of copper
US2489538A (en) Electrodeposition of copper
US2663684A (en) Method of and composition for plating copper
US4179343A (en) Electroplating bath and process for producing bright, high-leveling nickel iron electrodeposits
US3130135A (en) Nickel plating
US3393135A (en) Bright zinc electro-plating
US3729394A (en) Composition and method for electrodeposition of zinc
US2770587A (en) Bath for plating bright copper
US3956084A (en) Electrodeposition of copper
US3956078A (en) Electrodeposition of copper
US2876178A (en) Electrodepositing copper
US3575826A (en) Method and composition for electroplating tin
US2986498A (en) Process for the production of metal electrodeposits
US2427280A (en) Nickel electroplating composition
US5264112A (en) Acidic nickel baths containing 1-(2-sulfoethyl)-pyridiniumbetaine
US3956079A (en) Electrodeposition of copper
US3577328A (en) Method and bath for electroplating tin
US3401097A (en) Electrodeposition of nickel