US3129887A

US3129887A - Rail anchorage

Info

Publication number: US3129887A
Application number: US197025A
Authority: US
Inventors: Meier Hermann
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1961-05-27
Filing date: 1962-05-23
Publication date: 1964-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 1981-04-21

Description

April 21, 1964 H. MEER 3,129,887

' RAIL ANCHORAGE Filed May 23, 1962 y F/G. 1 F/G. 3

VBY

United States Patent O ice 3,129,887 RAIL ANCHORAGE Hermann Meier, Asgardstrasse 37, Munich, Germany Filed May 23, 1962, Ser. No. 197,025 Claims priority, application Germany May 27, 1961 6 Claims. (Cl. 23S-265) The present invention relates to a rail anchorage on concrete ties without tie plates and by means of steel anchoring elements which are secured to and within the tie by an adhesive.

There are many known types of construction of rail anchorages on concrete ties without tie plates underneath the rail. Such anchorages should comply Iwith the following basic requirements:

(l) The tie must be provided on its upper surface at both sides of the rail with supporting elements or abutments for supporting the rail laterally and for taking rup component forces of a considerable size. These supporting elements must therefore be of a very great stability and be mounted very accurately in position. They may be located either directly adjacent to the rail base or at a certain distance therefrom. In the latter case, a clamping plate of `a special design may be employed to bridge the gap.

(2) -For tightening the rail to the tie, the anchoring means must be anchored very securely 'Within the tie.

(3) Since the concrete tie will usually last yfor a long time, while the anchoring means are subject to wear and corrosion, these means should be exchangeable. It is therefore inadvisable to embed the supporting elements and anchorage means solidly in the concrete.

(4) The entire structure should be inexpensively produced, the work of exchanging individual components should be of a simple nature and easily carried out, and the annual costs of securing the rails should be as low as possible.

The means for anchoring the rail to the ties previously consisted either of bolts which extended entirely through the ties by being inserted from the lower side thereof through apertures so that their heads abutted against the lower side of the ties, or they consisted of bolts with heads of a special design which interengaged with concrete-embedded supporting elements, or of screws or bolts which could be removably screwed into plugs of wood, rubber, or steel, or of spring clips which were tightened by means of bolts which extended in apertures transversely through the ties.

Supporting elements or abutments which are capable of easily taking up great lateral forces including lateral impacts previously either consisted of steel parts (for example, bearing elements for supporting clamping plates, or steel plugs with projections thereon for guiding the rail) which extended deeply into the ties and were solidly embedded in the concrete, and which were therefore contrary to the third requirement as listed above, or they consisted of small steel plates with guide strips which were simply laid upon the upper surface of the ties next to the rail and were then pressed tightly upon the ties |by means of the tie bolts. The insertion of such a plate into a small recess in the tie is of no material value. The lateral forces are then taken up merely by the friction of the plate and the shear resistance of the bolt; the ability to take up these forces is therefore very limited.

In more recent times, rail anchorages are also produced by bonding the anchoring elements in the tie by adhesives.. Modern adhesives of synthetic resin offer new possibilities of structural designs and permit much cheaper constructions than were previously possible. This is an advantage which in a mass-produced article such as railroad ties is economically of very great importance. The adhesive 3,129,887.` Patented Apr. 21, 1964 must comply with the high solidity requirement-s of rail anchorages and it must become soft when sufficiently heated to permit the respective bonded part again to be removed so that the third requirement as previously menmentioned, namely, the exchangeability of the components which are subject to wear or corrosion may be easily fultilled. The modern art of adhesives permits the application of simple components without requiring any expensive machining thereof, and by combining such components in a suitable manner with each other, it is possible to attain extremely high resistance factors.

ln a known rail anchorage of this type a pair of supports in the form of at iron bars are inserted into vertical apertures in the tie at both sides of the rail and are bonded to the tie within these apertures by an adhesive. A small angle iron with transverse slots in its horizontal web for receiving these flat supports is then slipped laterally from the rail side over the supports and then merely rests on the upper surface of the tie in a position so that its vertical web engages laterally with the rail base to guide the same. The upper ends of the flat iron bars are bent over toward each other and serve as retaining means for a .spring clip which prevents the angle iron from moving upwardly. The great lateral tonces which are to be taken up by the tie are transmitted thereto from the rail merely through the flat iron bars which moreover are mounted in the tie so that their fiat sides extend at right angles to the rail, which means that the entire lateral forces have to be taken up by the narrow edges of these bars which face the rail.

In contrast to the state of the prior art as described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a rail anchorage which complies with all of the requirements as listed in the beginning and consists of only a few components which may be easily and inexpensively manufactured but are capable of transmitting all of the forces from the rail to the ties and also to clamp the rail very securely to the ties.

This object is attained according to the invention by bonding to the tie on each side of the rail an abutment or supporting element which is of a substantially rectangular cross section and one web of which extends vertically into the tie directly adjacent to the rail base, while its other web rests horizontally on the upper surface of the tie and serves as a bearing member for supporting the outer, downwardly projecting bracing end of a clamping plate. The horizontal web of the angular supporting element is provided with an aperture through which an anchor bolt extends which serves for tightening and securing the clamping platey and the shaft of which projects deeply into the concrete tie and is bonded therein securely by an adhesive.

The actual SuppOrting element merely consists of an angular piece of rolled steel with a punched-out aperture for the anchor bolt. The vertical web of this angular element is located directly adjacent to the rail base and extends vertically to the upper side of the tie downwardly into a socketlike aperture in the tie in which it is firmly bonded by an adhesive. The horizontal web of the angular element rests on the upper side of the tie and is likewise cemented thereon. Such an angular element, when combined with a tie in this position, is capable of opposing a lateral force with a very great resistance. If the lateral force would be constantly increased, the concrete would finally break out in the shape of a wedge with a large plane of shear and starting at the lower end of the angular element. The size of the broken-out wedge would be considerably increased by the horizontal web of the angular support which is bonded by adhesive upon the tie. The shear resistance of the rail anchorage according to the invention will, however, be further strongly increased due to the fact that at the end of the horizontal web a very strong downward pressure is exerted by the clamping plate in the perpendicular direction. This Very simple construction of the supporting element which because of the requirement as to its exchangeability can be employed only if it is secured by being bonded to the tie by an adhesive, may be still further improved if the long shaft of an anchor bolt which is likewise secured within the tie by an adhesive projects through the horizontal web of the supporting element and then serves as a safety bolt to prevent the concrete from breaking out in the mentioned wedge-shaped form. This additional safety effect can be attained only if there is absolutely no play between the shaft of the bolt and the tie. This presumption may be easily fulfilled by securing the shaft in the tie by an adhesive.

A preferred embodiment of the invention has the additional feature that the rail base abuts laterally against the perpendicular web of the angular supporting element. Although when the rail moves in the perpendicular direction, its base rubs along the supporting element, it cannot loosen the latter from the upper surface of the tie since the perpendicular web is securely bonded within the tie.

The anchor bolt is relatively inexpensive. The tension which is applied upon the bolt by its nut is transmitted to the inside of the tie by the shaft of the bolt which is cemented therein.

The features and advantages of the rail anchorage according to the invention will become more clearly apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawing, in which- FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of the rail anchorage at one side of a rail with the angular supporting element or abutment, the anchor bolt, and the clamping plate;

FIG. 2 shows a cross section which is taken through the anchoring bolt according to FIG. l at an elevation above the angular supporting element and in which the position of the clamping plate is indicated in dotted lines;

FIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIG. l of a modification of the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a View similar to FIG. 2 of the modication according to FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows a vertical section of the rail anchorage according to FIG. 3 which is taken at a right angle of FIG. 3 in which the rail is omitted.

As illustrated in FIGS. l to 4 of the drawings, the angular abutments or supporting elements 2 are rigidly bonded by an adhesive within the concrete tie 1 directly adjacent to the rail base 3 which rests on an elastic layer 4 on the tie. For this purpose the perpendicular web 5 of each supporting element 2 extends deeply into an aperture in the body of the concrete tie and is bonded therein by an adhesive, while the horizontal web 6 is sunk slightly into a recess in the upper surface 7 of the tie and is likewise bonded therein by an adhesive. Directly adjacent to the rail base, the supporting element 2 according to FIG. 1 is provided with a strong rib 8 which is adapted to guide the rail base laterally, to take up great lateral forces from the rail and to prevent the elastic layer 4 from sliding out. The outer upper edge of the horizontal web 6 is provided with an upward projection 9 which serves as a reinforcement and also as a bearing member for supporting the downwardly projecting foot I@ of the clamping plate I7 and for bracing it laterally. The horizontal web 6 of the angular supporting element Z has a punched-out aperture 111 through which the anchor bolt 12 is inserted which then passes deeply into a socket bore in the tie and is likewise rigidly bonded therein by adhesive. The anchor bolt I2 may also be provided with an enlargement 13 on its lower end which may be produced, for example, by lateral compression and serves as an additional anchorage to prevent the bolt from being pulled out. The upper part of the anchor bolt is provided with a screw thread 14 on which a nut I5 is screwed which through a spring ring I6 presses 4 the clamping plate 17 downwardly and its two downwardly projecting

feet

18 and 10 upon the rail base 3 and the horizontal web 6 of the supporting element 2.

For rails which are not subjected to very great stresses, it is possible to employ a lighter anchora e, as illustrated in FIG. 3, together with a clamping plate 19 which has a nose 22 engaging over the rounded edge portion 21 of the rail base, while the outer downwardly projecting foot 23 ofthe clamping plate again rests on the horizontal web of the supporting element 20 and against the upwardly bent outer edge 25 thereof. In this embodiment, the horizontal web is again sunk into and bonded within a recess in the upper surface 24 of the tie 1, but the inner end of this web does not have any upwardly projecting rib like the rib 8 in FIG. l since the function of this rib, namely, to brace the rail base laterally, is carried outalthough not quite as securely-by the nose 22 on the clamping plate 19. The anchor bolt 26 may also be provided with a flange 27 for additionally locking the angular supporting element 2t) within the recesses in the concrete tie in which it is secured by adhesive.

Although my invention has been illustrated and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, I wish to have it understood that it is in no way limited to the details of such embodiments, but is capable of numerous moditications within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim 1s:

1. An anchorage assembly for securing a rail to a concrete tie having at least two apertures extending deeply thereinto arranged directly adjacent to opposite lateral edges of the base of said rail when said rail is in its secured position, comprising a pair of angular steel supporting elements mounted on opposite sides of the rail, each of said supporting elements including a substantially horizontal web and a substantially perpendicular web, each said perpendicular web extending into a respective one of said apertures in the concrete tie and being arranged within a plane directly adjacent to the lateral side of the base of the rail, an adhesive bonding said perpendicular web within said aperture to said tie, each said horizontal web extending outwardly away from the rail and having an upwardly extending projection on its outer end, said horizontal web further having an aperture therein and being bonded by said adhesive to the upper surface of the tie, an anchor bolt associated with each supporting element, each said anchor bolt extending from the outside through said aperture in said horizontal web and into the respective aperture in the tie substantially parallel to said perpendicular web, said anchor bolt being bonded by said adhesive to said tie within said last-mentioned aperture, a clamping member arranged on said bolt and having a downwardly projecting outer end adapted to bear upon said horizontal web and against the inner side of said projection, and an inner end adapted to bear from above upon the base of the rail, and means threadably secured on the upper end of said bolt for pressing said clamping member upon said horizontal web and said rail base, said adhesive being capable of softening when heated to permit said angular elements and said bolts to be removed and replaced when necessary.

2. An anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said inner end of a clamping member is a nose extending around a portion of the rail and bearing against the rail from above and from the side when pressed against said rail by said means threadably secured to said bolt.

3. An anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said perpendicular web includes a rib portion extending above said horizontal web adjacent the side of the base of said rail for laterally guiding said rail.

4. An anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said tie includes a recess adjacent each said aperture for receiving thereinto said horizontal web of a respective supporting element, said horizontal web being bonded in said recess by said adhesive.

5. An anchorage assembly for securing a rail to a concrete tie having at least two apertures extending deeply thereinto arranged directly adjacent to opposite lateral edges of the base of said rail when said rail is in its secured position, comprising a pair of angular steel supporting elements mounted on opposite sides of the rail, each of said supporting elements including a substantially horizontal web and a substantially perpendicular web, each said perpendicular web extending into a respective one of said apertures in the concrete tie and being arranged Within a plane directly adjacent to the lateral side of the base of the rail, an adhesive bonding said perpendicular web within said aperture to said tie, each said horizontal web extending outwardly away from the rail and having an aperture therein and being bonded by said adhesive to the upper surface of the tie, an anchor bolt associated With each supporting element, each said anchor bolt extending from the outside through said aperture in said horizontal web and into the respective aperture in the tie substantially parallel to said perpendicular web, said anchor bolt being bonded by said adhesive to said tie within said last-mentioned aperture, a clamping member arranged on said bolt and having an outer end adapted to bear upon said horizontal web and an inner end adapted to bear from above upon the base of the rail, and means threadably secured on the upper end of said bolt for pressing said clamping member upon said horizontal web and said rail base, said adhesive being capable of softening when heated to permit said angular elements and said bolts to be removed and replaced when necessary.

6. An anchorage assembly for securing a rail to a concrete tie having at least two apertures extending deeply thereinto arranged directly adjacent to opposite lateral edges of the base of said rail when said rail is in its secured position, comprising a pair of angular steel supporting elements mounted on opposite sides of the rail, each of said supporting elements including a substantially horizontal web and a substantially perpendicular web, each said perpendicular web extending into a respective one of said apertures in the concrete tie and being arranged within a plane directly adjacent to the lateral side of the base of the rail, an adhesive bonding said perpendicular web within said aperture to said tie, each said horizontal web extending outwardly away from the rail and having an upwardly extending projection on its outer end, said horizontal web further having an aperture therein and being bonded by said adhesive to the upper surface of the tie, an anchor bolt associated with each supporting element, each said anchor bolt extending from the outside through said aperture in said horizontal web and into the respective aperture in the tie substantially parallel to said perpendicular web, said anchor bolt being bonded by said adhesive to said tie within said last-mentioned aperture, each said bolt having a flange of a diameter greater than the diameter of the aperture in the respective horizontal web for engaging the upper surface of said horizontal web to keep a free end portion of said bolt above said horizontal web, a clamping member arranged on said free-end portion of said bolt and having a downwardly projecting outer end adapted to bear upon said horizontal web and against the inner side of said projection, and an inner end adapted to bear from above upon the base of the rail, and means threadably secured on said free-end portion of said bolt for pressing said clamping member upon said horizontal web and said rail base, said adhesive being capable of softening when heated to permit said angular elements and said bolts to be removed and replaced when necessary.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,264,616 Decker Apr. 30, 1918 2,057,955 Kahn Oct. 20, 1936 2,389,464 Snyder Nov. 20, 1945 2,858,988 Luther Nov. 4, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS 954,828 France Oct. 8, 1947