US2389464A

US2389464A - Preventing deterioration in rail fastenings and the like

Info

Publication number: US2389464A
Application number: US506498A
Authority: US
Inventors: Snyder Jacob Rush
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1943-10-16
Filing date: 1943-10-16
Publication date: 1945-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 1962-11-20

Description

Nov. 20, 1945. J. R. sNYDER PREVENTING DETERIORATION IN'RAIL FASTENlNG AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 16, 1943 Patented Nov. 20, 1945 PREVENTING DETEmoRA'rIoN IN RA'IL FAs'rENINcs AND THE LIKE Jacob Rush Snyder, Cleveland, Ohio Application October 16,1943, Serial No.v 506,498

('Cl. 23S-366) 9 Claims.

This invention relates to connections in which a fastening member or spike extends into' a wooden member, and aims to provide a novel connection of this kind wherein a preservative material prevents corrosion or deterioration of the fastening member and of that portion of the wooden member into which the fastening member extends.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved fastening, for railway use or other purposes, wherein a fastening member driven into a bored hole of a wooden member causes preservative material to be forced from such hole to impregnate the adjacent portions of the wooden member and also to form a protective coating on certain portions of the fastening member which would otherwise be exposed to corrosive influences.

A further object of this invention is to provide an improvedfastening, of the character mentioned, in which the preservative material is initially confined in a capsule or the like adapted to be freely inserted into the bored hole.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. l is a plan view showing al rail fastening as representing one important use for my invention.

Fig.D 2 is a partial transverse sectional view taken through such rail fastening on line 2 2 of Fig. l.

Figs. 3 and 4 are similar partial sectional views further illustrating the application of the invention to a screw spike and showing such spike in partially driven positions.

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of the screw spike while in a partially driven position, such view being taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 3.

Figs. 6 and '7 are sectional views similar to Figs. 3 and 4 but showing a conventional cut spike in partially driven positions and Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view taken through the cut spike While in a partially driven position, the view being taken on line of Fig. 6.

Before proceeding with the detailed description, I wish to point out that my invention is applicable to numerous fastenings of the'kind in which a spike or other fastening member is driven into a wooden tie or timber and the Projecting portion of the said spike is exposed to the weather or other corrosive or deteriorating influences, but is especially valuable for rail fastenings wher the spikes and' the portions of the wooden ties into which the spikes are driven are particularly vulnerable to such inuences. 'This problem or condition is further aggravated by the dripping of brine from refrigerator cars onto the ties and projecting portions of the spikes. Such brine produces a rapid corrosion of the spikes and the remova1 and replacement of the corroded spikes represent a considerable item of expense.

Although wooden railway ties now in use are usually treated with creosote or the like to preserve the same, the creosote does not fully protect the portions of the tie into which the spikes are driven. Frequently the wood fibers surrounding the outer end of the bored holes are frayed and more or less spongy because of damage thereto such as that caused by using a maul in starting screw spikes in such bored holes. Brine and rain will be absorbed by the frayed tie portions and willenter the tie around the spikes or through old spike holes and will not only hasten the corrosion of the spike, but will cause early rotting of the tie .interiorly thereof and around the spikes although other portions of the tie may remain relatively sound. As will be presently explained in greater detail, my invention provides for the application of a preservative material in a manner to effectively protect the spikes and adjacent tie portions against the above-mentioned corrosive and deteriorating inuences.

In Fig. 1 of the drawing I show a conventional rail fastening of a type to which the present invention can be readily applied with very successful and advantageous results. In this View of the drawing I show a rail lll having a head lila and a base flange lllb. The rail is supported by a tie plate il which rests upon a wooden tie l2. The tie plate has spaced rail-gauging shoulders i3 thereon which are provided with a plurality of openings it through which cut spikes i5 are driven into the tie i2. In the rail fastening here shown the tie plate is additionally secured to the tie iZby the use of screw spikes i6 which extend into the tie through openings il of the tie plate at points spaced outwardly from the shoulders i3. The screw spikes i6 preferably have lock washers Mia thereon.

As shown in the drawing, the screw spike i6 is of a conventional form having a head i8 provided with a square tool-receiving portion ita, and a stem I9. The stem i9 has a cylindrical portion 19a adjacent the head i8 and a depending portion 20 of relatively reduced size carrying a helical thread 2i and connected with the cylindrical portion by the tapered section 22.

The cut spike l5 is also of va conventional form having a stem 24 of a substantially square crosssectional shape and a head 25 which is laterally offset relative to the axis of the stem for overlying engagement with the rail flange IIIb. As is usual in spikes of this kind, the lower endv of the stem 24 is beveled or sharpened as indicated at 28.

In installing the screw spike I6 in accordance with the present invention, the wooden tie I2 is bored witha suitable tool to provide a substantially cylindrical hole 28 therein into which a quantity of preservative material 29 is introduced prior to the insertion of the spike into such bored hole. The preservative material 29 is preferably a sticky or viscous substance which is insoluble in water and, for example, can be asphalt, grease, creosote, tar-like material or any other suitable substance which will protect the tie against rotting and which will form a coating on the spike I3 and adjacent surfaces to protect the same from corrosion. 'The preservative material 29 can be suitably injected or otherwise introduced into the bored hole 28 in an appropriate quantity, or preferably, a frangible capsule 38 containing a substantially correct quantity of this material can be dropped into the hole 28 prior to the starting of the spike I6 therein. The capsule 30 'should be of a size t yfreely enter the hole 28 and is made of a relatively weak material such that the capsule will be readily broken or crushed by the inner end of the spike I8 to free the preservative substance 29 in the bored hole.

The bored hole 28 should be of a size or diameter relative to the reduced stem portion 28 such that a space 3| will be left between the tie and the spike for the material 29 to be forced up-g wardly along the spike as the latter is driven into of such material through the restricted passage SI so that an exudate portion 32 is discharged into the opening I'I of the tie plate II as shown in Fig. 4. As the spike I 6 advances into the tie I2 the tapered section 22 enters the bored hole 28 followed by the cylindrical stem portion I8. These tapered and cylindrical portions of the spike. being relatively larger than the bored hole .28. serve to form a closure or plunger which traps to trap and pressurize the material therein, they'v will maintain the material under pressure for a sufficient period to cause the material to impregnate the wood surrounding the bored hole.

The movement of the spike I 6 inwardly to its fully driven position shown in Fig. 2 also causes the exuded portion 32 of the preservative mateI rial to be squeezed out of the opening I 'I of the tie plate so as to form a coating on the portion of vthe stern which proiects from the tie as well as on adjacent surface portions of the head I8, tie plate II and spring washer I6a. Thisv coating effectively prevents corrosion of the stem and surface portions just referred to. In most instances the excess material will be squeezed out to form the hole. For example, assuming that the root diameter of the stem portion 20 of the spike I8 is approximately five-eighths of an inch, the bored hole 28 should be approximately elevensixteenths of an inch in diameter, so as to permit the spike I8 to be readily screwed into the hole 28 and to also provide the intervening space or clearance 3| for the preservative material 29. When the root diameter and bored hole arefof these approximate dimensions a good connection between the spike and tie is obtained without damage to the latter and the passage or space 3| for the preservative substance will be a relatively restricted passage. The quantity of the preservative material 29 should be such in relation to the depth and the diameterl of the hole and the root diameter of the spike that the material`will be subjected to considerable pressure by the advancing spike. This pressure will cause some of the material to be forced or exuded outwardly through the restricted passage 3l to form a protective coating on portions of the spike which project from the tie and some of the material will also be forced into and impregnate the fibers of the wooden tie surrounding the bored hole 28. 1

In Fig. 3 of the drawing I show the spike I8 partially driven into the bored hole 28 to the point where the inner end of the spike has engaged the capsule 30 and is about to crush the same against the portion of the tie located at the inner end of the bored hole. In Fig. 4 I show the spike I8 advanced further into the opening .28 and in the position where the capsule 30 has been crushed and the material 29 has been liberated into the inner end of the bored hole and is being subjected to pressure by the spike. The initial pressure thus applied to the material 29 by the advancing spike causes the upward lIOW a bead IIa outside of the washer lia which will prevent brine and water from entering the open' ing of the tie plate. Some of the preservative material will also enter the crack between the tie plate and tie.

In Figs. 6and 7 I show the cut spike I5 being driven into a previously bored hole 33 of the tie I2. The bored hole 33 is preferably a cylindrical hole of a size relative to the dimensions of the square stem 24 such that the spike will have adequate holding power in the tie and such that arcuate spaces 34 will extend along the fiat faces of the stem to form restricted passages for the outward flow of the preservative material 29. Fig. 6 shows a quantity of the material 29 introduced in bulk form into the bored hole 33-and shows the cut spike I5 driven partway into the hole 33 to the point where its lower end is about to engage the preservative material. Fig. 7 shows the spike I5 driven further into the tie and in the position where the lower end of the spike has engaged the substance 29. The quantity of the preservative material shouldl be such in relation to the diameter and depth of the bored hole 33 andthe cross-sectional area of the stem 24, that thematerial will be subjected to -suflicient pressure by the spike to force some of the material outwardly along the passages 34 into the opening I4 of the tie plate I I and also to force some of the material into the tie poriions2 surrounding the hole 33 as indicated in In rig. 2 1 show the spike Is in its fuuy driven position at which time the exuded portion of the preservative material will have formed a coating on the portion` of the stem which projects above the surface of the tie I2 as well as on the adjacent surfaces of the tie plate and the head 25 ofthe spike. This coating effectively protects these portions against the corrosive action of brine andbther substances. Usually the excess portion of the preservative will be squeezed out ing in which portions of a wooden 'tiefer the like and the'projecting portions of a spike or other fastening member used with such wooden member are effectively treated or coated with a preservative material for preventingy deterioration from contact with brine, rain oro'ther substances. It will be seen also that the introduction of the preservative material into the bored hole of the wooden member prior to the insertion of the spike or fastening member, as above described, provides a simple and expedient manner for obtaining the desired application of the preservative material to the portions and surfaces which are to be protected.

While I have illustrated and described my novel fastening and protective feature in more or less detail, it will be understood, of course, that I do not wish to be vcorrespondingly limited but regard my invention as including a'll changes and A modifications' coming within the spirit of vtheinventon and the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. In a connection of the character described, a wooden member having a bored hole therein, a plate having an opening overlying said hole, a fastening member having a stem portion driven into said hole and having a projecting portion hole, a fastening member extending into said hole through the opening of said metal part for connecting the latter with said wooden member, and a preservative material in said hole and coating the portion of the fastening member which Vextends through said metal part, thev initial volume of said preservative material, the sizeof said hole and the size of said fastening member being such that a portion of said material is forced from said hole during the driving of the fastening member so as to form said coating on the fastening member, said preservative material being initially confined in a frangible capsule of a size to freely enter said bored hole and adapted to be ruptured by the fastening member to liberate said material into the inner end o'f .saidiiole, said fastening member having a tapered portion adapted to close and enter said hole for confining and pressurizing said material to cause the same to impregnate the portion of the wooden member surrounding said hole.

4. The method of making fastenings protected against deterioration, which comprises boring a hole in a wooden member, introducing preservative material into said hole, providing a headed `fastening member having a tapered stem which increases in size toward the head, driving said fastening member into said hole and first causing some of the material to ilow out of the open end of said hole around said fastening member to form a coating on the latter and then causing extending through the opening of said plate, and

a preservative material in said hole and alsov forming a coating on the fastening member including that portion of said member which projects from the wooden member and extends through the opening of said plate, said material having an initial volume to partially fill the inner end of the bored hole and the dimensions of said stem portion and bored hole being such that the driving of said fastening member causes some of said material to be displaced to form said coating, the portion of the fastening member at and adjacent the junction of said stem portion with said projecting portion being of larger size than the bored hole and adapted `to be forced into the latter for trapping and pressurizing said material to cause the same to impregnate the wood surrounding the bored hole.

2. In combination with a wooden-railway tie having a bored hole therein, a tie plate having an opening overlying said bored hole, a screw spike having a head and a threaded stem extending through the tie plate opening and engaging in said bored hole, .and a preservative material in said hole and coating the stem of the spike including the portion thereof which extends through the tie plate, said material having an initial volume to partiallyr fill the inner end of the bored hole and the dimensions of said threaded stem and bored hole being such as to provide a restricted passage therebetween for .said material and such that the driving of the 'the material remaining in said hole to be subjected to pressure for forcing the material intol said wooden member.

5. The method of making fastenings protected Aagainst deterioration, which comprises boring a hole in a wooden member, introducing preservative material into said hole, driving a headed fastening member into said hole and subjecting said material to pressure so as to force some of the material out of the open end of said hole around said fastening member to form a coating on the latter, said fastening member having a stem portion of relatively increased size adjacent its head, andl advancing the fastening member to move said increased stem portion into said hole to subject said material to increased pressure for forcing some of the material into the Wood surrounding said bore.

6. The method of making fastenings protected against deterioration, which comprises boring a hole in a wooden member, inserting into said hole a frangible capsule containing al preservative material, providing a screw spike having a head and a tapered enlargement adjacent the head, driving the fastener into said hole to form a fastening and crushing said capsule against the portion of the wooden member located at the inner end of the hole to liberate said preservative material into the inner end of the hole, and driving said fastener further into said hole for completing the fastening and causing said enlargement to close and enter the outer end of the hole for confining and pressurizing said material to cause the same to impregnate the wood surrounding the hole.

'7. In a method of making rail fastenings of the character described, the steps of inserting a frangible capsule containing preservative material into a preformed opening of a Wooden tie, providing a screw spike having a head and a tapered enlargement adjacent the head, and

driving said spike into-said opening for forming a wooden member having a bored hole therein, v -a metal part having an openingoverlying said a fastening and in the same operation rupturing said capsule and causing said tapered enlargement to enter the outer end of said opening for confining and pressurizing said material in the opening and maintaining the material under pressure for a period of time sufcient to enable the material to impregnate the portions of the tie adjacent said opening. i 4

8. In a connection of the character described, a wooden member having a bored hole therein, a plate having an opening overlying said bored hole, a fastening member having a stem portion driven into said hole and having a projecting portion extending through the opening of said plate, and a preservative material in said hole andlso forming a coating on the fastening member including that portion of the fastening member which projects from the wooden member and extends through the opening of said plate, said material having an initial volume to partially fill the inner end of the bored hole and being initially contained in a capsule of a size to freely enter the bored hole and the dimensions of said stem portion and bored hole being such that the driving of said fastening member ruptures said capsule and causes some of said material to be displaced to form said coating, the portion of the fastening member at and adjacent the junction of said stem portion with said projecting portion being of a larger size than the bored 30 hole and adapted to be forced into the latter for trapping and pressurizing said material to cause the same to impregnate the wood surrounding the bored hole.

9. In combination with a wooden railway tie having a bored hole therein. a tie plate having an opening overlying said bored hole, a screw spike having a head and a threaded stem extending through the tie plate opening and engaging in said bored hole, and a preservative material in said hole and coating the stem of the spike including the portion thereof which extends through the tie plate, said material having an initial volume to partially fill the inner end of the bored hole and being initially contained in a capsule of a size to freely enter the bored hole and the dimensions of said threaded stem and' bored hole being such as to provide a restricted passage therebetween for said material and such that the driving of the spike in said hole ruptures said capsule and causes some of said material to be displaced through said passage to form said coating, said stem having tapered and cylindrical sections adjacent said head which are of a larger size than said bored hole and are adapted to be forced into the latter during the driving of the spike for trapping and pressurizing said material to cause the same to impregnate the wood surrounding the bored hole.

JACOB RUSH SNYDE'R.