US3128165A - Hard surfacing material - Google Patents

Hard surfacing material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3128165A
US3128165A US153257A US15325761A US3128165A US 3128165 A US3128165 A US 3128165A US 153257 A US153257 A US 153257A US 15325761 A US15325761 A US 15325761A US 3128165 A US3128165 A US 3128165A
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Prior art keywords
carbide
matrix
metal
hard
mold
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US153257A
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Harold C Bridwell
David S Rowley
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Jersey Production Research Co
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Jersey Production Research Co
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Priority to NL275205D priority Critical patent/NL275205A/xx
Application filed by Jersey Production Research Co filed Critical Jersey Production Research Co
Priority to US153257A priority patent/US3128165A/en
Priority to GB650462A priority patent/GB981392A/en
Priority to SE193062A priority patent/SE321356B/xx
Priority to FR890923A priority patent/FR1319515A/fr
Priority to ES0275426A priority patent/ES275426A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3128165A publication Critical patent/US3128165A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P5/00—Setting gems or the like on metal parts, e.g. diamonds on tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
    • B24D3/08—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for close-grained structure, e.g. using metal with low melting point
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to materials for hard surfacing bits and similar cutting tools and more particularly relates to an improved hard surfacing marterial containing cutting elements of hard metal carbide supported by a matrix of softer metal within which crystals of hard metal carbide have been precipitated.
  • Particles of tungsten. carbide or tungsten carbide alloy supported in a matrix of softer metal are ⁇ widely used as cutting elements on rotary drill bits and tools. Such particles may be applied by placing the tool to be hard surfaced in a refractory mold, positioning the carbide particles in the mold in contact with the tool surface, adding pellets of the matrix metal, and then heating the mold and its contents in an electric furnace to a temperature sufficient to melt the pellets. The molten matrix metal infiltrates into the spaces between the particles and the tool surface, effecting a bond as it cools and solidifies. Metals used in this manner must have the ability to wet the carbide particles and steel and must have melting points well below the temperature at which properties of the carbide are adversely affected.
  • improved hard surfacing materials containing hard metal carbide cutting elements supported in a matrix of softer metal can be prepared by infiltrating the particles with the matrix met-a1 under conditions such that metal carbide crystals are precipitated in the matrix as a discontinuous phase.
  • Metallurgical studies have shown that the precipitated crystals interrupt the slip and glide planes in the infi'ltrant metal, permitting the matrix to withstand higher stresses without fracturing than if the crystals were not present. This is reflected by an increase in the strength of the matrix.
  • the hard metal carbide cutting elements are better supported and have less tendency to fracture and be torn from place than those in hard surfacing materials available in the past.
  • the hard metal carbide crystals responsible for the improved matrix properties are provided by dissolving powdered metal carbide in the molten matrix so that it will precipitate as the matrix cools following infiltration.
  • the powdered carbide may be dissolved in the 3,128,165 Patented Apr. 7, lgfid matrix met-a1 prior to the infiltration step or may instead be placed in the mold with the hard metal carbide cutting elements and at least partially dissolved as the hot matrix metal infiltrates into the spaces between the cutting elements. In either case, carbide crystals are precipitated in the matrix as the metal cools and solidifies. It is usually preferred to include the powdered carbide in the mold.
  • FIGURE 1 represents a vertical section through a mold used for infiltrating metal carbide cutting elements with a matrix metal to produce the hard surfacing material of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 depicts a cross section taken about the line 22 in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a reproduction of a photorniorograph showing the matrix structure of the improved hard surfacing material.
  • the infiltration process utilized to produce the hard surfacing material of the invention is carried out in a refractory mold similar to that shown in FIGURE 1 of the drawing.
  • the mold depicted includes a lower section 11 provided with threads 12 for attaching an upper section or cover 13.
  • the lower section contains a recess within which the hard metal cutting elements and the tool or part to which they are to be bonded may be placed.
  • the shape of the recess will depend upon the desired configuration of the finished tool. It should be designed to accommodate the tool with the surfaces to be hard surfaced facing upwardly. Sufficient space must be left adjacent these surfaces to permit addition of the carbide cutting elements.
  • the mold recess may be lined with Fiberfrax or :a similar asbestos material at points where the metal tool or part to be hard surfaced would otherwise contact the carbon. This prevents carburization of the tool steel at the temperatures required for infiltration.
  • the tool or part 18 is then placed in the mold and the hard metal carbide cutting elements 19' are added. Both the tool and the carbide cutting elements should be cleaned with carbon tetrachloride or a similar solvent to remove dirt, grease and other foreign materials before they are placed in the mold.
  • the carbide particles employed as cutting elements may be particles of tungsten carbide or particles of a mixed carbide including small amounts of titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide and other metals in addition to the tungsten carbide.
  • Such carbides are available in either cast or cemented form.
  • the cemented carbides normally contain from about 1 percent to about 25 percent of cobalt or a cobalt alloy containing a small amount of iron or nickel.
  • emented carbides, particularly cemented tungsten carbide containing from about 3 to about 15 weight percent cobalt are preferred because they are generally less brittle than the cast carbides and are therefore better suited for use as cutting elements.
  • the size of the cutting elements employed will normally range between about 0.045 inch and about 0.400 inch along their major dimension.
  • particles between about 0.050 inch and about 0.250 inch are generally used.
  • Carbide particles of suitable size are commercially available in various forms. Angular chips produced by fracturing large pieces of carbide will normally be used but in some cases particles of regular shape, cubes for example, are preferred.
  • the hard metal carbide cutting elements are generally packed into the mold voids as closely as possible in order to provide a maximum number of cutting edges on the tool surfaces. If cubes or similar shaped particles are used, however, it may be desirable to orient the outer layer by gluing or otherwise afiixing particles to the mold or mold inserts. Subsequent infiltration of matrix metal into the space surrounding the oriented particles will result in their being bonded in place. Diamonds may be mounted in similar manner in order to augment the cutting action or reduce wear at critical points on the tool.
  • powdered hard metal carbide is preferably placed in the mold cavity with the hard metal cutting elements in applying the hard surfacing material.
  • the composition of the powdered carbide thus used may bee identical to that in the cutting elements. Instead, a powdered carbide having somewhat different properties, one which is harder but more brittle for example, may be employed. Tungsten carbide and mixed carbides containing tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, niobbium carbide and other metals are suitable.
  • a fine powder should be used. Powder which has been screened to pass a 100 mesh or small Tyler screen may be utilized. It is preferred to employ powder of 170 meseh or smaller size.
  • powdered nickel will preferably be included with the powdered carbide to promote wetting of the carbide by the infiltrant matrix metal.
  • the nickel used should be ground and screened in a manner similar to that in which the powdered carbide is prepared. A small amount of powdered tungsten may also be included to further increase strength and hardness.
  • the powder should be cleaned to remove moisture, dirt and grease.
  • the mold will normally be cold pressed or vibrated as the powder and cutting elements are added in order to form a dense, closely-packed mass in the voids adjacent the tool surface. After the mold has been carefully filled with the carbide powder and cutting elements, the mold cover 12 is threaded onto lower section 11 and tightened down. The mold may be placed in a press to assist in tightening the cover in place.
  • the relative amounts of the carbide cutting elements and powder used in packing the mold may be varied over a wide range and will depend in part upon the size of the cutting elements. Where cutting elements about inch in size are used, for example, the cutting elements will generally constitute about 50% of the total volume of the hard surfacing material. If larger particles are employed, the portion of the total volume occupied by cutting elements may be somewhat smaller.
  • pellets or similar particles of matrix metal 20 are placed in recess 16 in the mold cover.
  • the metal employed to form the matrix should be capable of wetting the hard metal carbide in the molten state and should have a melting point between about 1550 F. and about 2400 F.
  • Suitable metals include copper-nickel alloys, copper-nickel-tin alloys, copper-nickel-iron alloys, nickel-iron-carbon alloys, coppercobalt-tin alloys, copper-nickel-iron-tin alloys, coppernickel-manganese alloys and the like.
  • Such alloys may contain minor amounts of other metals such as zinc, manganese, silicon, silver, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, chromium and phosphorus.
  • S Monel and a number of other commercially available brazing metals and similar alloys which melt within the above specified temperature range and will wet the carbide and steel may be utilized for purposes of the invention. It will be understood, of course, that every alloy has slightly different properties and that certain alloys are therefore more effective for purposes of the invention than are others.
  • the use of copper-nickel-tin alloys is preferred.
  • a small amount of borax or other flux is added to the pellets in the mold cover to aid in the control of oxide formation during the formation of the hard surfacing material.
  • the assembled mold containing the tool to be hard surfaced, the carbide cutting elements, powdered carbide, and pellets of matrix metal is placed in a furnace previously heated to a temperature sufficient to melt the matrix metal.
  • the temperature utilized should be well below the temperatures at which properties of the carbine employed are adversely affected.
  • the furnace temperature will depend somewhat on the matrix metal and powder used but will generally range between about 1750 F. and about 2500 F.
  • the temperature used should not greatly exceed that required for rapid infiltration of the matrix metal into the carbide particles and powder.
  • the composition of the matrix metal and powder in the mold will govern the infiltration temperature. Copper-nickel alloys will readily infiltrate at temperatures between about 2000" F.
  • the mold is left in the furnace for a sufficient period of time to permit its contents to reach the furnace temperature.
  • the pellets of matrix metal in recess 16 in the mold cover 13 melt at the elevated temperature and flow downwardly into the mold through ports 17. Capillary forces cause the hot molten metal to infiltrate into the interstices between the carbide cutting elements, carbide powder and surface of the tool.
  • the powdered carbine is altered in structure and is at least partially dissolved by the infiltrating metal.
  • the mold After sufiicient time for the mold contents to reach the furnace temperature and for infiltration to occur has elapsed, normally from about 4 to about 30 minutes, the mold is removed from the furnace and is allowed to cool. As the matrix metal cools and solidifies in the mold, fine crystals of the previously dissolved metal carbide powder are precipitated in it.
  • the tool may be removed from the mold after it has reached room temperature and may be subjected to conventional heat treating procedures in order to relieve thermal stresses set up in the steel during the infiltration process. Thereafter, the tool may be sand blasted and machined or ground to remove surface irregularities.
  • the finished tool will have a hard surface of metal carbide cutting elements securely supported by a softer matrix containing a discontinuous phase of fine hard metal carbide crystals.
  • carbide powder may be dissolved in the matrix metal prior to infiltration.
  • the pellets of matrix metal may be placed in a clay crucible or other vessel of refractory material with a small amount of borax or other flux and heated to the melting point.
  • Powdered metal carbide may then be added to the molten metal in quan tities sumcient to saturate it. Inclusion of the carbide powder may produce some elevation in the melting point of the matrix metal. If it is found that the melting point of the final alloy is greater than about 2400 F., it can be adjusted downwardly by realloying the metal with copper, tin or similar metal until the desired melting point is attained.
  • the final alloy may therefore be undersaturated in terms of its metal carbide content but will nevertheless contain sufiicient hard metal carbide to effect a significant increase in strength as the matrix cools following infiltration and the carbide precipitates in crystalline form.
  • the matrix metal thus prepared by predissolving the carbide powder in the molten metal may be solidified and formed into pellets or fragments of suitable size. Thereafter, it can be employed for infiltration purposes in a manner similar to that described earlier.
  • the method of the invention is not limited to the direct bonding of hard metal carbide cutting elements as described above and may instead be employed for the production of pads or inserts to be subsequently bonded to a tool or similar device.
  • the carbide cutting elements are placed in a mold of the desired shape and bonded together by infiltration with the molten matrix.
  • Hard metal carbide powder may either be predissolved in the matrix or may be included in the mold with the carbide cutting elements.
  • the pad or insert thus formed may then be applied to a steel surface by brazing.
  • Pads or inserts may also be formed on small steel plates by infiltration and later affixed to a tool or other device by welding the plates in place. These methods are useful for the hard surfacing of large areas with the hard surfacing material of the invention.
  • specimens containing tungsten carbide cutting elements supported by a copper-nickel-tin alloy matrix were prepared.
  • the tungsten carbide cutting elements employed were angular fragments of cemented tungsten carbide containing 90.0 weight percent of tungsten carbide and 10.0 weight percent of cobalt. The hardness of these fragments ranged between 88.8 and 89.0 on the Rockwell A scale.
  • the particles were screened to remove fragments smaller than about 0.12 inch and greater than about 0.20 inch.
  • the screened fragments were then washed with alcohol to remove grease and other foreign material and were dried with an air blast. The dried fragments were placed in clean, dry carbon molds containing cylindrical voids /2 inch in diameter by 1 inch long.
  • powdered tungsten carbide and powdered nickel were mixed and added to the mold with the carbide cutting elements; while in others no powder was used.
  • the molds were then infiltrated with a molten matrix metal containing about 35 weight percent copper, about 5-5 weight percent nickel and about weight percent tin at a temperature of 2250 F. Following infiltration, the molds were removed from the furnace and cooled. In each case, the total furnace time was minutes.
  • FIGURE 3 of the drawing is a reproduction of a photomicrograph of a matrix prepared with carbide powder, taken at 50 0 power magnification.
  • the crystals in the matrix are clearly visible in the photomicrograph and appear in most cases as elongated, angular bodies.
  • the cluster of smaller particles in the lower right quadrant of the photomicrograph is all that remains of a grain of the carbide powder altered by the hot matrix metal.
  • the shear strengths of the specimens were measured by placing them in adapters which permitted the application of force in opposite directions on either side of a plane perpendicular to the specimen axis.
  • the shear fractures obtained were granular in appearance and extended parallel to the load axis.
  • Cemented carbide cutting elements in the specimens sheared in the plane of matrix fractures. Two fractures commonly occurred, producing a disc-like fragment at the center of the specimen. The second of these fractures was apparently due to tension failure caused by slight bending of the specimen after shearing forces had started the first fracture.
  • the shear strengths of the specimens containing the precipitated crystals were substantially higher than those of specimens prepared without the powdered carbide.
  • Test specimens were prepared by infiltrating tungsten carbide cutting elements and a minus 170 mesh mixture of 83 weight percent tungsten carbide powder and 17 weight percent nickel powder with three different matrix alloys. The first of these alloys was the copper, nickel and tin alloy described earlier. The second was an alloy containing 67 percent nickel, 30 percent copper, 1.4 percent iron, 1 percent manganese and trace quantities of other metals. The third was an iron-nickel alloy containing about 90 percent iron and about percent nickel. These alloys all melted at temperatures between about 1550 and about 2400" F.
  • the first was used at an infiltration temperature of r2250 F., while the latter two were used at a temperature of 2350" F. because of their higher melting points.
  • the infiltration procedure employed was similar to that described earlier.
  • Specimens of the alloys alone were also prepared. The specimens were tested to determine their compressive strength, shear strength and impact strength. The results of the tests are set forth in Table 11 below.
  • Specimen 1 Each value represents an average of at least two tests.
  • the improved properties obtained in accordance with the invention are not limited to materials containing the cupronickel alloy referred to in connection with Table I and that iron-nickel alloys and similar matrix metals may also be employed.
  • the compressive and shear strength values for the specimens prepared with tungsten carbide cutting elements and mixed tungsten carbide-nickel powder were much higher than those obtained for the specimens containing only the alloys.
  • the carbide cutting elements may have contributed slightly to the greater strength obtained, the improved properties were due primarily to the inclusion of the powdered carbide.
  • the efiect of the carbide powder on impact strength was offset in some of the specimens by the efiect of the relatively brittle cutting elements and the impact data on Table II reflect this. In the case of the iron alloy matrix, however, the inclusion of the powdered carbide produced a significant increase in impact strength.
  • the superior properties of the materials of the invention are further illustrated by the results obtained in drilling tests carried out with two oil field rotary drag bits of similar design.
  • the blades of the first bit were hard surfaced with a copper-nickel matrix containing angular particles of cemented tungsten carbide between about A; and about /8 inch in size.
  • the matrix contained no altered tungsten carbide powder or precipitated tungsten carbide crystals.
  • the blades of the second bit were hard surfaced by infiltrating cemented tungsten carbide cutting elements and powdered tungsten carbide and nickel with a copper-nickel-tin matrix in the manner described earlier.
  • the tests were carried out by drilling in a sandstone formation with a conventional rotary rig and auxiliary equipment.
  • An improved hard surfacing material comprising a plurality of closely-spaced hard metal carbide particle between about 0.045 and about 0.400 inch in size bonded together by a softer metal which melts at a temperature between about 1550 F. and about 2400 F. and in the molten state has the ability to wet said particles, said particles comprising tungsten carbide and said softer metal containing fine crystals of precipitated hard metal carbide as a discontinuous phase.
  • a hard surfacing material comprising a plurality of closely-spaced tungsten carbide particles between about 0.045 and about 0.400 inch in size; an alloy bonding said carbide particles together, said alloy having a melting point between about 1550 F. and about 2400 F. and
  • a hard surfacing material comprising a plurality of closely-spaced cemented tungsten carbide cutting elements ranging between about 0.050 and about 0.250 inch in size; a copper-nickel-tin alloy bonding said cutting elements together, said alloy having a melting point between about 1550 F. and about 2400 F. and in the molten state having the ability to wet said cutting elements; and a plurality of structurally-altered tungsten carbide grains and precipitated tungsten carbide crystals present in said alloy as a discontinuous phase.
  • a process for the manufacture of a hard surfacing material which comprises the steps of dissolving a hard metal carbide powder comprising tungsten carbide in a molten matrix metal having a melting point between about 1550 F. and about 2400 F. and in the molten state having the ability to wet the hard metal carbide powder; alloying said molten matrix containing dissolved hard metal carbide powder with a plurality of closely-spaced hard metal carbide particles between about 0.045 and about 0.400 inch in size at a temperature between about 1750 F. and about 2500" F., said particles comprising tungsten carbide; and thereafter cooling said matrix metal and particles to effect a bond between said matrix metal and particles and precipitate fine crystals of hard metal carbide in said matrix metal as a discontinuous phase.
  • a process for the manufacture of a hard surfacing material which comprises the steps of dissolving a hard metal carbide comprising tungsten carbide in a molten matrix metal having a melting point between about 1550 F. and about 2400 F. and in the molten state having the ability to wet the hard metal carbide; placing hard metal carbide cutting elements between about 0.045 and about 0.400 inch in size in a refractory mold, said cutting elements comprising tungsten carbide; infiltrating said cutting elements in said mold with said matrix metal containing said dissolved carbide at a temperature between about 1750 F. and about 2500 F.; and thereafter cooling the contents of said mold to effect a bond between said matrix metal and cutting elements and precipitate fine crystals of hard metal carbide in said matrix metal as a discontinuous phase.
  • a process for the manufacture of a hard surfacing material which comprises forming an intimate mixture of hard metal carbide particles between about 0.045 inch and about 0.400 inch in size and hard metal carbide powder granules minus mesh in size in a refractory mold, said particles and granules comprising tungsten carbide infiltrating said mixture of carbide particles and powder granules in said mold at a temperature between 1750 F. and about 2500 F. with a molten matrix metal melting between about 1550 F. andabout 2400" F.
  • a process for the manufacture of a hard surfacing material which comprises the steps of forming an intimate mixture of tungsten carbide particles between about 0.045 and about 0.400 inch in size and powdered tungsten carbide and nickel minus about mesh in size in a refractory mold; infiltrating said mixture in said mold with a molten copper-nickel-tin alloy at a temperature between about 2000 F. and about 2250 F., said alloy having the ability to wet said carbide particles and powder in the molten state; and thereafter cooling the contents of said mold to effect a bond between said tungsten carbide particles and said alloy and precipitate fine tungsten carbide crystals in said alloy as a discontinuous phase.
  • a cutting tool hard surfaced with a material comprising a plurality of hard metal carbide cutting elements between about 0.045 and about 0.400 inch in size bonded together by a softer metal which melts at a temperature between about 1550 F. and about 2400 F. and in the molten state has the ability to wet said cutting elements, said hard metal carbide cutting elements comprising tungsten carbide and said softer metal containing powder granules and fine precipitated crystals of a hard metal carbide comprising tungsten carbide as a discontinuous phase.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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US153257A 1961-08-01 1961-11-15 Hard surfacing material Expired - Lifetime US3128165A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL275205D NL275205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1961-11-15
US153257A US3128165A (en) 1961-11-15 1961-11-15 Hard surfacing material
GB650462A GB981392A (en) 1961-08-01 1962-02-20 Hard surfacing material
SE193062A SE321356B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1961-08-01 1962-02-22
FR890923A FR1319515A (fr) 1961-11-15 1962-03-13 Substance pour revêtements durs pour outils de coupe
ES0275426A ES275426A1 (es) 1961-08-01 1962-03-13 Mejoras introducidas en la fabricaciën de un material destinado a proporcionar una superficie dura

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779726A (en) * 1969-03-07 1973-12-18 Norton Co A method of making a metal impregnated grinding tool
US3999962A (en) * 1975-05-23 1976-12-28 Mark Simonovich Drui Copper-chromium carbide-metal bond for abrasive tools
US4070796A (en) * 1971-12-27 1978-01-31 Norton Company Method of producing abrasive grits
US4173457A (en) * 1978-03-23 1979-11-06 Alloys, Incorporated Hardfacing composition of nickel-bonded sintered chromium carbide particles and tools hardfaced thereof
WO1988003457A1 (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-19 Werner Foppe Process for the manufacture of milling cutters incorporating macrograins of abrasive material, such as silicon carbide
US4853182A (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-08-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method of making metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particulates
USRE35812E (en) * 1988-08-01 1998-06-02 Oliver; Lloyd R. Bonded abrasive grit structure

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2201151A (en) * 1938-02-18 1940-05-21 Carborundum Co Boron carbide composition
US2201150A (en) * 1938-02-18 1940-05-21 Carborundum Co Hard carbide composition
US2833638A (en) * 1955-03-24 1958-05-06 Servco Mfg Corp Hard facing material and method of making
US2906612A (en) * 1957-08-07 1959-09-29 Skil Corp Cutting apparatus and manufacture thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2201151A (en) * 1938-02-18 1940-05-21 Carborundum Co Boron carbide composition
US2201150A (en) * 1938-02-18 1940-05-21 Carborundum Co Hard carbide composition
US2833638A (en) * 1955-03-24 1958-05-06 Servco Mfg Corp Hard facing material and method of making
US2906612A (en) * 1957-08-07 1959-09-29 Skil Corp Cutting apparatus and manufacture thereof

Cited By (7)

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