GB1572543A - Drilling tools - Google Patents
Drilling tools Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1572543A GB1572543A GB4014777A GB4014777A GB1572543A GB 1572543 A GB1572543 A GB 1572543A GB 4014777 A GB4014777 A GB 4014777A GB 4014777 A GB4014777 A GB 4014777A GB 1572543 A GB1572543 A GB 1572543A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- diamonds
- compacts
- drilling tool
- mould
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/48—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
- B25D17/02—Percussive tool bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Description
(54) DRILLING TOOLS
(71) We, J. K. SMIT & SONS DIAMOND
TOOLS LIMITED, a British Company, of
Conwy Road, Mochdre, Colwyn Bay, North
Wales, LL28 5HE, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention is concerned with improvements in drilling tools which are set with diamonds or polycrystalline compacts containing diamond or other superhard matrices and are designed primarily for drilling holes in the ground. The invention is, however, applicable to drilling bits and trepanning tools for all purposes and to coring bits and full hole bits for the construction, engineering, mining, exploration and oil industries. The invention can also be used with reaming shells, stabilisers, casing shoes and casing bits. Throughout the remainder of this specification all such tools will be referred to simply as drilling tools.
The drilling tools with which this invention is concerned have the drilling portion of the tool set with diamonds in sizes up to 5 carats per diamond and/or compacts of a suitable size. These diamonds or compacts are arranged in a pattern around the cutting portion of the tool in such a way as to give optimum penetration rates into the formation being drilled. The diamonds or compacts protrude from the matrix in which they are set, the amount of protrusion depending on the formation to be drilled and the size of the diamonds or compacts. In many situations wear of the matrix in which the diamonds or compacts are embodied is the limiting factor in the life of the tool. Liquids, and sometimes air or foam are circulated around the cutting portion of the bit, the function of which is to cool the drill bit and diamonds and also to remove the cuttings and debris which have been created by the operation of the tool. This circulating medium can be water, chemical muds, oil based muds or air.
Where circulation is maintained at high velocity and high pressures, the wear of the matrix holding the diamonds or compacts can be severe due to abrasive particles being circulated and also from fluid cutting created by water or oil based muds. Corrosion can also occur due to the nature of the circulating medium being used. In order to resist wear on the matrix, it is normal to employ large proportions of tungsten or tungsten carbide in the matrix.
This tungsten can be bonded with copper based alloys containing nickel or zince or by colbalt binders.
However, the price of tungsten carbide has increased several fold recently and such drilling tools are therefore now extremely expensive to manufacture.
We have now devised a drilling tool which has the majority, if not all, the advantages of the above-described known drilling tools, but which is considerably cheaper to manufacture. The drilling tool which we have devised allows the use of matrices which have a satisfactory strength and which is manufactured in the traditional way, but which contains metals which are less expensive than the tungsten alloys presently being used.
According to the present invention, we provide a drilling tool comprising a metal matrix in which a plurality of diamonds or compacts are set and wherein those areas of the diamond or compact set matrix which- are subjected to corrosion, erosion and abrasion during use are plated with a material which is harder than the metal matrix.
The matrix may include any type of iron powder bonded with a copper based alloy, or in certain- circumstances, alloys of copper and zinc or copper and- nickel or copper and tin. In fact, any matrix having the desired mechanical properties would be suitable.
Preferably, the plating material is nickel or chromium, but it is envisaged that other plating materials could be used, which are harder than the metal matrix.
The nickel or chromium plating layer deposited on the matrix between the diamonds or compacts resists abrasion, corrosion and erosion of the matrix in which the diamonds or compacts are embedded.
This plating layer can be deposited either electrically or by the electroless method and would be of a suitable thickness to give satisfactory life to the tool. This thickness would not be less than 0.01 mm and could be up to 1.00 mm thick. Low temperature heat treatment could be used to improve the properties of the deposited layer after plating.
We anticipate making the tools in the conventional way which is, usually, to place the diamonds and/or compacts in a graphite mould, then fill the mould with metal powder, place a steel blank on the top and then infiltrate into the powder a low melting point alloy such as brass or copper, thus bonding the metal powder together and the metal powder to the steel blank. After cooling and extracting from the mould, the steel blank is machined to suit the particular equipment being used, and give the required type of tool.
A casting method can also be used in which the diamonds or compacts are held in position by vacuum or cements to manufacture the tool.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A drilling tool comprising a metal matrix in which a plurality of diamonds or compacts are set and wherein those areas of the diamond or compact set matrix which are subjected to corrosion, erosion and abrasion during use are plated with a material which is harder than the metal matrix.
2. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein the matrix includes an iron powder bonded with a copper based alloy.
3. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 2 wherein the copper based alloy is alloy of copper and zinc ot copper and nickel or copper and tin.
4. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the hard plating material is nickel.
5. A drilling tool as claimed in claim I, 2 or 3 wherein the hard plating material is chromium.
6. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 4 or 5 wherein the plating layer is deposited electrically.
7. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 4 or 5 wherein the plating layer is deposited by an electroless method.
8. A drilling tool as claimed in any of claims 4-7 wherein the plating layer has a thickness of between 0.01 mm and 1.00 mm.
9. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 7 wherein the plating layer has a thickness of .1 mm to 1.00 mm.
10. A method of manufacturing a drilling tool as hereinbefore defined comprising locating a plurality of diamonds or compacts in a mould, filling the mould with a metallic matrix and plating those areas of the matrix between the diamonds or compacts which are subjected to erosion, corrosion and abrasion in use with a plating material which is harder than the metal matrix.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hard plating material is chromium.
12. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hard plating material is nickel.
13. A method as claimed in claim 10, 11 or 12 wherein the plating layer is deposited electrically.
14. A method as claimed in claim 10, 11 or 12 wherein the plating layer is deposited by electroless method.
15. A method as claimed in any of claims 10-14 wherein the plating layer is subjected to low temperature heat treatment.
16. A method according to any of claims 10-15 wherein the diamonds or compacts are placed in said mould which is a graphite mould, and said matrix is formed by filling said mould with a metal powder, placing a steel blank on top of the mould and infiltrating the powder with a low melting point alloy to bond the metal powder together and to the steel blank.
17. A method according to any of claims 10-15 wherein the diamonds or compacts are held in position in the mould by a vacuum.
18. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the diamonds or compacts are held in position in the mould by cement.
19. A drilling tool substantially as hereinbefore described.
20. A method of manufacturing a drilling tool as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (20)
1. A drilling tool comprising a metal matrix in which a plurality of diamonds or compacts are set and wherein those areas of the diamond or compact set matrix which are subjected to corrosion, erosion and abrasion during use are plated with a material which is harder than the metal matrix.
2. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein the matrix includes an iron powder bonded with a copper based alloy.
3. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 2 wherein the copper based alloy is alloy of copper and zinc ot copper and nickel or copper and tin.
4. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the hard plating material is nickel.
5. A drilling tool as claimed in claim I, 2 or 3 wherein the hard plating material is chromium.
6. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 4 or 5 wherein the plating layer is deposited electrically.
7. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 4 or 5 wherein the plating layer is deposited by an electroless method.
8. A drilling tool as claimed in any of claims 4-7 wherein the plating layer has a thickness of between 0.01 mm and 1.00 mm.
9. A drilling tool as claimed in claim 7 wherein the plating layer has a thickness of .1 mm to 1.00 mm.
10. A method of manufacturing a drilling tool as hereinbefore defined comprising locating a plurality of diamonds or compacts in a mould, filling the mould with a metallic matrix and plating those areas of the matrix between the diamonds or compacts which are subjected to erosion, corrosion and abrasion in use with a plating material which is harder than the metal matrix.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hard plating material is chromium.
12. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hard plating material is nickel.
13. A method as claimed in claim 10, 11 or 12 wherein the plating layer is deposited electrically.
14. A method as claimed in claim 10, 11 or 12 wherein the plating layer is deposited by electroless method.
15. A method as claimed in any of claims 10-14 wherein the plating layer is subjected to low temperature heat treatment.
16. A method according to any of claims 10-15 wherein the diamonds or compacts are placed in said mould which is a graphite mould, and said matrix is formed by filling said mould with a metal powder, placing a steel blank on top of the mould and infiltrating the powder with a low melting point alloy to bond the metal powder together and to the steel blank.
17. A method according to any of claims 10-15 wherein the diamonds or compacts are held in position in the mould by a vacuum.
18. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the diamonds or compacts are held in position in the mould by cement.
19. A drilling tool substantially as hereinbefore described.
20. A method of manufacturing a drilling tool as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4014777A GB1572543A (en) | 1978-05-26 | 1978-05-26 | Drilling tools |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4014777A GB1572543A (en) | 1978-05-26 | 1978-05-26 | Drilling tools |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1572543A true GB1572543A (en) | 1980-07-30 |
Family
ID=10413415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4014777A Expired GB1572543A (en) | 1978-05-26 | 1978-05-26 | Drilling tools |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1572543A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0312487A1 (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-19 | Eastman Teleco Company | Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material |
| US5090491A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1992-02-25 | Eastman Christensen Company | Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material |
| US5839329A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1998-11-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies |
| US6073518A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2000-06-13 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Bit manufacturing method |
| US6082461A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2000-07-04 | Ctes, L.C. | Bore tractor system |
| US6200514B1 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2001-03-13 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Process of making a bit body and mold therefor |
| US6209420B1 (en) | 1994-03-16 | 2001-04-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of manufacturing bits, bit components and other articles of manufacture |
| US6454030B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2002-09-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drill bits and other articles of manufacture including a layer-manufactured shell integrally secured to a cast structure and methods of fabricating same |
| CN111042745A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drill collar |
-
1978
- 1978-05-26 GB GB4014777A patent/GB1572543A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0312487A1 (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-19 | Eastman Teleco Company | Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material |
| US5090491A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1992-02-25 | Eastman Christensen Company | Earth boring drill bit with matrix displacing material |
| US5839329A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1998-11-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies |
| US6581671B2 (en) | 1994-03-16 | 2003-06-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | System for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies |
| US6209420B1 (en) | 1994-03-16 | 2001-04-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of manufacturing bits, bit components and other articles of manufacture |
| US6354362B1 (en) | 1994-03-16 | 2002-03-12 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for infiltrating preformed components and component assemblies |
| US6082461A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2000-07-04 | Ctes, L.C. | Bore tractor system |
| US6073518A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2000-06-13 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Bit manufacturing method |
| US6089123A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2000-07-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Structure for use in drilling a subterranean formation |
| US6454030B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2002-09-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drill bits and other articles of manufacture including a layer-manufactured shell integrally secured to a cast structure and methods of fabricating same |
| US6655481B2 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2003-12-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Methods for fabricating drill bits, including assembling a bit crown and a bit body material and integrally securing the bit crown and bit body material to one another |
| US6200514B1 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2001-03-13 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Process of making a bit body and mold therefor |
| CN111042745A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drill collar |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |