US3127462A - Device for the removal of smoke from electric furnaces and the like - Google Patents

Device for the removal of smoke from electric furnaces and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3127462A
US3127462A US88982A US8898261A US3127462A US 3127462 A US3127462 A US 3127462A US 88982 A US88982 A US 88982A US 8898261 A US8898261 A US 8898261A US 3127462 A US3127462 A US 3127462A
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United States
Prior art keywords
smoke
annular
removal
flow channel
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US88982A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erni Enrico
Luscher Fritz
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Von Roll AG
Von Roll Holding AG
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Von Roll AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/30—Arrangements for extraction or collection of waste gases; Hoods therefor
    • F27D17/304—Arrangements for extraction or collection of waste gases; Hoods therefor specially adapted for electric arc furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • B08B15/007—Fume suction nozzles arranged on a closed or semi-closed surface, e.g. on a circular, ring-shaped or rectangular surface adjacent the area where fumes are produced

Definitions

  • 1NV5NToRs E uuco RN/ no ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,127,462 DEVICE FGR THE REMOVAL OF SMOKE FRUM ELECTRIC FURNACES AND THE LIKE Enrico Erni and Fritz Liischer, Gerlafingen, Switzerland,
  • the present invention relates to an improved device for the removal of smoke from electric furnaces, and more specifically, to a novel design and construction of a smoke hood readily suitable for exhausting smoke and combustion gases from a furnace interior.
  • Electric furnaces particularly those presently widely employed for metallurgical purposes, are provided with at least one electrode and an electric arc is formed between the electrode and the stock to be melted.
  • large quantities of smoke gas are generally generated which may partly originate from the melting stock and partly from the burnt-off electrode.
  • the effective removal of these produced gases constitutes a major problem for industry. It is necessary that these gases be removed as completely as possible, not only to protect the operators against the toxic components of the gases (CO from the consumption of carbon electrodes), but also because of the considerable dust content generally present in the gas and, the necessity imposed thereby of cleaning the gases from dust prior to their escape into the atmosphere.
  • the device according to the present invention is designed to eliminate the disadvantages encountered when employing the heretofore known smoke removal installations, and more particularly, those used with closed electric furnaces.
  • the smoke removal device according to the present invention is provided with an annular housing which substantially coaxially encloses an electrode at the point where'it emerges from the furnace and, further, is provided with a suction slot which communicates with an exhaust duct in the interior of the housing.
  • the device according to the present invention enables the smoke to be collected immediately above the region where its development is most pronounced. It is to be appreciated that the generation of smoke and gases is most pronounced at the point where the electrode enters the charge. However, as a practical matter the smoke cannot be effectively removed immediately at this point. The gases and air which collect about the surface of the electrode are caused to rise in temperature and form an upwardly directed current which finally collects underneath the furnace cover at the point where the electrode piercingly enters this cover member. It is at this locality that the device of the present invention operates to remove smoke therefrom. Thus, the normal upward draft of the smoke gases and the like situated about the electrode is a factor directly contributing to the effective removal of smoke and the like. It is to be understood that a separate device for the removal of smoke and combustion gases or the like is preferably associated with each electrode of the furnace in practical operation.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to provide means for removal of smoke from electric furnaces in such a manner as to prevent depositing of solid or foreign particles in the flow channels provided for the removal of such smoke.
  • Still a further object of the present invention is to provide means for effectively removing smoke gases from a furnace interior with the velocity of flow of the gases to be removed being maintained as uniform as possible.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional, fragmentary view of a smoke removal device carried by the upper portion of a closed electric furnace in the region where the electrode enters the furnace interior;
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of the smoke removal device shown in FIGURE 1, taken along line AA thereof.
  • a cover member 1 provided for an electric furnace and having an annular or circular opening 2 arranged to receive an electrode adapted to be inserted through said annular opening.
  • the smoke removal device 3 comprises an annular housing 4 communicating with an exhaust conduit 5.
  • a flange member 6 connects the conduit 5 with an exhaust system for the furnace, generally designated by reference numeral 7.
  • the annular housing 4 may be arranged in the annular opening 2 of the electric furnace and, generally, comprises a lower base portion 8, an upper housing portion 9 and an intermediate connecting wall portion 17.
  • the lower base portion 8 of the housing 4 includes an arcuate wall portion 8a having a downwardly, annular extending wall 8b which extends into the annular opening 2 and is adapted to bear against the inner wall 2a thereof to partly protect this annularopening 2.
  • the upper housing portion 9 consists of an upper annular wall Qa and a downwardly extending wall portion 9b.
  • the wall portion 9a inclines upwardly in the direction of the conduit 5, whereas the downwardly extending wall portion 9b continually widens in the direction of the conduit 5.
  • the lower edge of the wall portion 9b is spaced a predetermined distance from the inner wall of the base portion 8 to define an annular slot 10 through which the smoke gases or the like, collecting in the space 11 at the point where the electrode passes through the cover 1, may be passed into an annular flow channel 18 formed between the upper and 'lower wall portions 9 and 8 respectively.
  • the flow chansmoke gases removed should be maintained as uniform as possible and of sufficient magnitude to ensure that the solid particles are carried along in the flow stream and do not deposit themselves in the flow channel.
  • the minimum velocity of flow necessary to obtain the so-called dragging effect of the solid particles is determined by a number :of factors; particularly by the type, size and distribution .of the solid material being handled, as for example dust.
  • a minimum velocity of flow of the'gas should amount to approximately meters/sec.
  • suitable means such as vibrators, may be employed to prevent solid particles from being deposited on the walls of the smoke removal housing, which housing may be formed of individual segments.
  • the cross-sectional area of the flow channel 18 In order to achieve a uniform velocity of the gases or smoke to be exhausted, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel 18 must be dimensioned such that it increases radially in linear relationship in the direction of flow. That is to say, radial planes taken through the flow channel 18 at various spatial points through this flow channel clearly show an increase of the cross-section area of the flowchannel in the direction of the exhaust conduit 5.
  • Such an increase of cross-sectional area of the flow channel is effectively obtained in the embodiment of FIG- URE 1 since the wall portion b of the upper wall 9 is designed'to widen in an upward direction and exhibits a helical configuration, in the form of a half-turn of a screw, from the point where the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is smallest to that where it is largest.
  • the width of the annular intake slot 10 between the upper housing portion 9 and the lower housing portion 8 should be suitably dimensioned in order to accommodate the volume of smoke gas handled; into account must be taken the gas suction output available
  • a field of force ' is formed about the electrode which produces induced currents in a metallic and magnetic material which may cause operational trouble.
  • the materials handled by the furnace and which generate the smoke to be removed include non-magnetic materials such as ceramic materials or non-magnetic metals such as brass, and magnetic materials such as iron because of its favourable thermal stability and relatively low cost. If magnetic materials are used an intermediate layer formed of a non-magnetic material may be provided according to one embodiment of the invention. Such a layer is provided to counteract the formation of induced currents. For this purpose a layer formed of non-magnetic material is incorporated between the wall portions of the housing segments, preferably at the narrowest point of the cross-section of the flow channel 18 provided in the annular housing 4.
  • the layer at least partially separates the two halves of the housing 4, that is to say, the respective portions located in front of and behind the plane of the drawing of FIGURE 1.
  • This non-magnetic layer may also be in the form of a sheet arranged so as to divide the flow channel 18 into two halves. Such an arrangement may be of considerable advantage with respect to the conditions of flow provided that this partition is accurately located at the point where the velocity of flow is smallest.
  • FIGURE 2 we have shown such a partition member 20 which is formed of a non-magnetic material.
  • a cooling system may be provided therewith.
  • the housing 4 may-be provided with a cooling compartment 1h formed between the inner and outer walls of the housing in the form of a cooling jacket. A cooling medium such as water may be passed through the compartment 19 formed between these two walls.
  • FIGURE 2 there is shown a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIGURE 1.
  • An outer furnace wall 12 supports the smoke removal device 3.
  • An electrode member schematically illustrated in cross-section by the phantom lines 15, passes through the central aperture 14 of the smoke removal device 3 into the furnace interior.
  • the outer periphery of the electrode 15 is spaced from the edge 9c of the upper housing portion 9 and defines an airgap 16 between the electrode and'the annular upper portion 9 of the housing 4.
  • This airgap 16 may be sealed by means of a loosely arranged sealing ring if provision can be made that no short circuit will occur between the electrode and ground.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides a solution for such a sealing problem.
  • This is done by arranging a control member between the electrode 15 and the housing 4 of the smoke removal device.
  • This control member may be, for example, a pressure probe which responds to the conditions of gas flow.
  • it is possible to automatically control the gas removal output in such a manner that the flow velocity of the fluid medium appearing in the airgap 16 between the electrode 15 and the housing 4 practically amounts to zero. A zero value of flow velocity at this point indicates that gas cannot emerge from the furnace nor air enter into it.
  • each smoke removal device provided for the individual electrodes is preferably connected'to its own dust removal device and suction unit (exhaust system).
  • suction unit exhaust system
  • the suction effect of each exhausting or suction unit may be controlled by the pressure probe provided for each respective suction unit.
  • a device for removal of smoke gas and the like from the interior of a furnace adapted to encircle an electrode at the region where said electrode enters said furnace, said device comprising an annular housing provided with an outlet conduit for removal of said gas and an internal annularly arranged flow'channel communicating with said outlet conduit, with the cross-sectional area of said annularly arranged flow channel increasing in the direction of said outlet conduit, said housing being. provided with annular slot means in registry with said flow channel permitting movement of smoke gas into said flow channel.
  • partition means are arranged atthe region of smallest cross-sectional area of said flow channel-to divide said flow channel into two substantially symmetrical segments.
  • annular housing is constructed to provide an annular airgap adapted to receive a control member responsive to the gas flow.
  • a device wherein at least a portion of said annular housing includes means formed of a non-magnetic material for counteracting the formation of induced currents.
  • a device wherein said means formed of non-magnetic material is located at the point of narrowest cross-section of said flow channel for counteracting the formation of induced currents.
  • annular housing is provided with means permitting circulation of a cooling medium through said annular housing for cooling thereof.
  • cooling means is a cooling compartment adapted to receive a cooling medium.
  • annular housing includes a downwardly extending portion.
  • a device for removal of smoke gas and the like from the interior of a furnace adapted to encircle an electrode at the region where said electrode enters said furnace, said device comprising an imperforate annular housing provided with an outlet conduit for removal of said gas, said annular housing having an upper housing portion, a lower base portion and an intermediate wall portion interconnecting said upper housing portion with said lower base portion to define an annular flow channel, said upper housing portion including an upper wall portion and a downwardly extending wall portion terminating at a predetermined distance from said lower base portion to define an annular slot, said annular flow channel communicating with said outlet conduit with said annular slot in registry with said annular flow channel.
  • a device for removal of smoke gas and the like from the interior of a furnace adapted to encircle an electrode at the region where said electrode enters said furnace said device comprising an annular housing provided with an outlet conduit for removal of said gas, said annular housing having an upper housing portion, a lower base portion and an intermediate wall portion interconnecting said upper housing portion with said lower base portion to define an annular flow channel, said annular flow channel increasing in cross-sectional area in the direction of said outlet conduit, said upper housing portion including an upper wall portion and a downwardly extending wall portion terminating at a predetermined distance from said lower base portion to define an annular slot, said annular flow channel communicating with said outlet conduit with said annular slot in registry with said annular flow channel.
  • a device for removal of smoke gas and the like from the interior of a furnace adapted to encircle an electrode at the region where said electrode enters said furnace, said device comprising an annular housing provided with an outlet conduit for removal of said gas, said annular housing having an upper housing portion, a lower base portion and an intermediate wall portion interconnecting said upper housing portion with said lower base portion to define an annular flow channel, said upper housing portion including an upper wall portion and a downwardly extending wall portion terminating at a predetermined distance from said lower base portion to define an annular slot, said upper wall portion inclining upwardly in the direction of said outlet conduit and said downwardly extending wall portion increasing in width in the direction of said outlet conduit such that said annular flow channel increases in cross-sectional area in the direction of said outlet conduit, said annular flow channel communicating with said outlet conduit with said annular slot in registry with said annular flow channel.
  • a device wherein said widening, downwardly extending wall portion is helically curved in the manner of at least a portion of a screw line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US88982A 1960-02-17 1961-02-13 Device for the removal of smoke from electric furnaces and the like Expired - Lifetime US3127462A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH178060A CH379659A (de) 1960-02-17 1960-02-17 Vorrichtung zur Rauchabführung an einem Elektroofen

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US3127462A true US3127462A (en) 1964-03-31

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US (1) US3127462A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT241140B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH379659A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB914112A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU39748A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL261045A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3576318A (en) * 1969-04-04 1971-04-27 Inductotherm Corp Fume control method and apparatus
US4708177A (en) * 1984-07-12 1987-11-24 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij, B.V. Fume extractor device
US4961442A (en) * 1988-03-18 1990-10-09 Polinorsud Dynamic containment device
WO2013044921A3 (en) * 2011-09-26 2013-08-15 Ardex Skandinavia A/S Method and sucking unit for sucking off powder from a bucket

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1273550B (de) * 1963-07-24 1968-07-25 Rheinische Stahlwerke Im Abgasstrom eines kammerlosen Stahl-Schmelzofens angeordneter Behaelter zur Vorwaermung der Ofenbeschickung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH198225A (de) * 1937-03-25 1938-06-15 Sulzer Ag Luft- bezw. Gas-Abscheider im Zuge einer Flüssigkeitsleitung.
US2761003A (en) * 1954-04-09 1956-08-28 Research Corp Apparatus for removing gases from an arc furnace

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH198225A (de) * 1937-03-25 1938-06-15 Sulzer Ag Luft- bezw. Gas-Abscheider im Zuge einer Flüssigkeitsleitung.
US2761003A (en) * 1954-04-09 1956-08-28 Research Corp Apparatus for removing gases from an arc furnace

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3576318A (en) * 1969-04-04 1971-04-27 Inductotherm Corp Fume control method and apparatus
US4708177A (en) * 1984-07-12 1987-11-24 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij, B.V. Fume extractor device
US4961442A (en) * 1988-03-18 1990-10-09 Polinorsud Dynamic containment device
WO2013044921A3 (en) * 2011-09-26 2013-08-15 Ardex Skandinavia A/S Method and sucking unit for sucking off powder from a bucket

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB914112A (en) 1962-12-28
AT241140B (de) 1965-07-12
LU39748A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1961-04-07
NL261045A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH379659A (de) 1964-07-15

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