US3127348A - Table i - Google Patents
Table i Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3127348A US3127348A US3127348DA US3127348A US 3127348 A US3127348 A US 3127348A US 3127348D A US3127348D A US 3127348DA US 3127348 A US3127348 A US 3127348A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- range
- hydrocarbon
- oil
- ratio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- -1 alkyl phenol sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diammonium sulfite Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-pinene Chemical compound CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical group CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJECKFZULSWXPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-didodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCCCCC WJECKFZULSWXPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 1S,5S-(-)-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101710150402 Mastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSCl FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/04—Reaction products of phosphorus sulfur compounds with hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved detergent type calcium-containing additives for lubricating oil com positions and for oil concentrates containing such additives.
- the invention is particularly directed to improved processes for the manufacture of over-based calcium-containing detergent inhibitors.
- the additives may be characterized generally as colloidal dispersions of calcium salts, principally calcium carbonate, in admixture with phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons and alkylated phenols and/ or alkyl phenol sulfides.
- Stability depends largely upon the degree of fineness of the particles in the colloidal dispersion. This in turn is easily determined by the relative absence of haze in the finished product. A haze rating of more than 100 nephelos on a mixture of 5 weight percent of the additive in white oil is considered unacceptable.
- a low haze, light colored, calcium detergent additive having a high metalto-surfactant ratio can be prepared by treating an oil solution of a phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon and an alkyl phenol or alkyl phenol sulfide with calcium oxide and/ or calcium hydroxide and with carbon dioxide, in the presence of a nitrogen base, the latter being preferably ammonium hydroxide or. more preferably ammonium hydroxide and ammonium sulfonate.
- the invention is applicable whenever it is desired to prepare additives in which the ratio of calcium equivalents to surfactant equivalents is at least 3 to 1, and is operable for such ratios up to about 13 to 1.
- the surfactants equivalent is determined on the basis that all of the phosphorus in the phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon is available as a monobasic acid.
- Phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons for use in this invention can be prepared by reacting a sulfide of phosphorus, for example P 8 with a suitable hydrocarbon base stock which, of course, should be one that results in materials that are completely oil soluble after phosphosulfurization.
- the preferred hydrocarbon starting materials used in this invention are (l) terpenes such as alpha-pinene (2) heavy petroleum fractions, distillates or residua containing less than 5% of aromatics and having a viscosity of 210 F. of 140 to 250 SSU; and (3) polyolefins having a Staudinger molecular weight in the range of 500 to 200,000 and containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms per olefin monomer. Polybutenes that have Staudinger molecular weights in the range of 700 to 100,000 are particularly preferred.
- the phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon is prepared by reacting approximately four moles of hydrocarbon base stock (e.g., a polyolefin) per mole of phosphorus pentasulfide. A slight excess of phosphorus pentasulfide over the 1 to 4 mole ratio can be used to insure complete phosphosulfurization.
- the phosphosulfurization reaction is conducted under anhydrous conditions at temperatures of 150 to 600 F. for a period in the range of 0.5 to 15 hours. A very slight amount of an alkyl It has been found ditficult, however, i
- phenol or alkyl phenol sulfide preferably in the range of 0.001 to 1.0 percent by weight, can be added as a catalyst in the phosphosulfurization reaction. It has also proven very useful to treat or blow the phosphosulfurized product with an inert gas such as nitrogen for a period of 10 min. to 2 hours to aid in reducing hydrogen sulfide evolution and its corresponding odor.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the alkyl phenol component of the reaction mixture is preferably one having a molecular weight in the range of from about 200 to about 700.
- the alkylation product of phenol with diisobutylene or with tripropylene, i.e. nonyl phenol may be used.
- the alkyl phenols are conveniently converted to alkyl phenol sulfides by reaction with sulfur dichloride.
- the ammonium sulfonates used in practicing the present invention are the ammonium salts of sulfonic acids obtained by the sulfonation of either natural or synthetic hydrocarbons.
- the preferred sulfonic acids have molecular Weights in the range of 300 to 700 (as the sodium soap).
- the synthetic sulfonic acids preferably have molecular weights in the narrower range of 400 to 600.
- the acids can contain more than one sulfonyl group in the molecule.
- Suitable sulfonic acids are produced by sulfonating alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons such as didodecyl benzene. They can also be obtained by treatment of lubricating oil base stocks with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid in a conventional manner to produce oil-soluble mahogany acids.
- the procedure followed in preparing the detergent inhibitor additives of this invention may be generally described as follows.
- a solution or blend of a phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon, an alkyl phenol, and ammonium sulfonate (where the latter is used) is prepared in a hydrocarbon oil.
- the hydrocarbon oil may comprise any fraction that has a sufficiently high boiling point so that it will not vaporize under the reaction conditions. Light lubricating oil fiactions are particularly suitable.
- the proportions of reacting materials may vary within the ranges shown in Table II.
- an aliphatic amine of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms may be used.
- sufiicient ammonia or amine so that a weight ratio of nitrogen to calcium of at least 0.02 to 1 is provided.
- Example 1 A phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon was prepared on a plant scale by reacting 100 parts, by weight, of a polybutene having an average Staudinger molecular weight of about 1100, with 15 parts by weight of phosphorus pentasulfide, for 8 to 12 hours at 425-450 F. with stirring and nitrogen blowing.
- the phosphosulfurized polybutene had the following inspections:
- an equivalents ratio of calcium to surfactant of about 3 to 1 was used.
- a blend of 536 grams of mineral oil, 279 grams of phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon made in accordance with Example 1, and 112 grams of nonyl phenol was prepared and heated to 170 F.
- To this blend was added a slurry of 82.5 grams of Ca(OH) in 100 grams of water over a period of 20 minutes with the temperature of 170 F. being maintained. Then over a period of 80 minutes about 25,000 cc. of CO (measured at 25 C.) was sparged into the mixture. The product was then dehydrated and filtered.
- Example 3 Using the general procedure of Example 2 but employing a calcium to surfactant equivalents ratio of 3.5 to 1,
- a detergent additive was prepared using as the feed 19.8 weight percent of the phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon of Example 1, 6.5 weight percent of nonyl phenol, 1.6 weight percent of ammonium petroleum sulfonate of about 450 molecular weight, 41.7 weight percent of a neutnal mineral oil (150 SSU at F.), 1.0 weight percent water, 4.4 weight percent of commercial ammonium hydroxide (29% NH;; content), 16.0 weight percent of calcium hydroxide, and 9.0 weight percent of C0
- the product had the composition shown in Table V.
- the ratio of calcium equivalents to surfactant equivalents was about 8.5 to 1.
- Example 4 The procedure of Example 4 was repeated with the exception that the ammonium su-lfonate was omitted and the ratio of equivalents of CO; to calcium was varied.
- Example 3. 2 Measurement made in weight percent concentration in white oil.
- Example 6 Again using the general procedure of Example 2. but employing a calcium to surfactant ratio of about 4 to 1, an additive concentrate was prepared from 397 grams of a 68% concentrate of phosphosulfurized polybutene in mineral oil, 112 grams of nonyl phenol, 110 grams of Ca(OH) 110 grams of water, 418 grams of solvent neu tral mineral oil and 30,000 cc. of CO (measured at 25 C.). The process was repeated with the same ingredients in the same quantities but with the addition of 61 grams of ammonium hydroxide (29% NH The haze reading for 5% concentrations of the respective products in white oil and the filtration rates of the materials during the respective preparations are shown in Table VII. It will be seen at the 4 to -1 calcium surfactant ratio, a satisfactory product was not obtained in the absence of ammonium hydroxide.
- Example 7 To prepare an additive having a ratio of calcium to surfactant in the range of about 8 to 1, the second portion of Example 5 was repeated (i.e. using NH OH) except that the proportion of Ca(OH) was doubled, the proportion of NH OH solution was increased by a factor of 1.6 and about 2.5 times as much CO was employed. This gave a first product having unsatisfactory haze (130 nephelos). The preparation was repeated but in place of portions of the nonyl phenol and NH OH, ammonium petroleum sulfonate of about 450 molecular weight was used.
- the reactants were 397 grams of a 68 weight percent concentrate of phosphosulfurized polybutene in mineral oil, 91 grams of nonyl phenol, 220 grams of C-a(OH) 110 grams of water, 61 grams of NH OH (29% NHa), 418 grams of solvent neutral mineral oil, 41.7 grams of a 50% concentrate of ammonium petroleum sulfonate in mineral oil, and 70,200 cc. of CO (measured at 25 C.).
- This second product had a haze of 27 nephelos (5% come. in white oil) as compared to the reading of 130 in the first product preparation without the ammonium sulfonate.
- Example 8 To study the effect of raising the calcium to surfactant ratios still further, products were made with ratios of 8.3, 10.2, and 13.6 using the proportions of reactants set forth in Table VIII. The haze readings on the products and the filter rates noted during the filtering step are also shown in the table. Only the product made with the 13.6 to 1 ratio was not satisfactory.
- Example 10 The sludge inhibiting properties of an additive of this invention in which the calcium to surfactant ratio was about 8 to 1 were studied in a low temperature engine test in which conditions were intended to simulate stopand-go driving. A six-cylinder Ford engine was used, charged with 4 quarts of the oil under test, and run for a total of 286 hours, under the conditions given in Table X, the cycles being repeated until the end of the test.
- the engine was inspected by removing the oil pan, the rocker arm cover, and the push rod chamber cover, and various parts including the oil screen, the oil pan, the crankshaft, the push rod chamber, the push rod chamber cover, the rocker arm cover, and the rocker arm assembly, were rated for sludge deposition, using a demerit system in which zero represents a clean part and 10 a part covered with the maximum amount of sludge possible.
- Composition A consisting of 98 volume percent of an SAE 30 grade highly refined base stock, 0.3 volume percent of a viscosity index improver, 0.7 volume percent of a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (C -C alkyl groups) wear reducing agent and 1 volume percent of an additive concentrate made as described in Example 4 and containing 8.6 percent calcium.
- Composition B consisting of 96 volume percent of the same base oil, 0.3 volume percent of the same viscosity index improver, and 0.7 volume percent of the same zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, as in Composition A, plus 3 volume percent of a commercially available detergent-inhibitor comprising colloidal barium carbonate and phenate stabilized with a phosphosulfurized polybutene.
- the latter inhibitor contained 10.7 percent BaO; thus Compositions A and B were made up to approximately equal molar concentrations of metal.
- the additives of this invention may be incorporated in hydrocarbon oils of the general class of middle distillate fuels and lubricating oils, although their principal application is in the latter type of oils.
- hydrocarbon oils of the general class of middle distillate fuels and lubricating oils for use in automotive crankcase lubricants, concentrations providing from 0.02 to about 0.5 weight percent of calcium are preferred.
- concentrations providing as much as 2 weight percent calcium may be advantageous.
- the oil base stock may be of any desired type, including those derived from paraflinic, naphthenic, asphaltic, or mixed base mineral crude oils by suitable refining methods.
- Synthetic lubricating oils of suitable viscosity may also be employed, such as di-Z-ethyl hexyl sebacate, the C oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol, complex esters, polyglycol type synthetic oils, and the like.
- the oil compositions may contain other additives such as viscosity index improvers, e.g. polymethacrylates, polybutenes, etc., antioxidants such as phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, alkyl phenols, bis phenols and the like, pour point depressants, dyes, antiwear agents such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, other detergent inhibitors, etc.
- viscosity index improvers e.g. polymethacrylates, polybutenes, etc.
- antioxidants such as phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, alkyl phenols, bis phenols and the like
- pour point depressants such as phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, alkyl phenols, bis phenols and the like
- dyes such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, other detergent inhibitors, etc.
- the additives of the invention may also be used in gear lubricants, transformer oils, transmission fluids, hydraulic oils, flushing oils, industrial oils, greases, and the like.
- An improved process for the preparation of a detergent inhibitor for mineral oil compositions which comprises reacting, at a temperature in the range of about 60 to 190 F. a hydrocarbon oil solution of a phosphosul furized hydrocarbon and a phenolic compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl phenols having molecular weights in the range of 200 to 700 and sulfides of said alkyl phenols with a base selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, in an amount sutficient to furnish a ratio of calcium equivalents to phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon equivalents in the range of from about 3 to 1 to about 11 to l, and thereafter with carbon dioxide, in the presence of a nitrogen base selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide and aliphatic amines of from '1 to 4 carbon atoms, said nitrogen base being present in an amount to provide a weight ratio of nitrogen to calcium of at least 0.02 to 1, the amount of carbon dioxide employed being in the range of from about to about percent of the amount theoretically
- a detergent inhibitor additive for mineral oil compositions by reacting, at a temperature in the range of about 60 to 190 F. an oil solution of a phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon and a phenolic compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl phenols of about 200 to 700 molecular weight and sulfides of said alkyl phenols with a base selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, in an amount sufficient to furnish a ratio of calcium equivalents to phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon equivalents in the range of from about 3 to 1 to about 11 to 1, and with carbon dioxide in an amount within the range of from about 80 to 95 percent of the amount theoretically required to convert the calcium to calcium carbonate, whereby a colloidal dispersion of calcium carbonate is formed, and the reaction product is dehydrated and filtered subsequent to said treatment with carbon dioxide, the improvement which comprises adding suificient ammonium hydroxide to the reacting mixture to give a product having a haze of less than nephelos when dis
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Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12091861A | 1961-06-30 | 1961-06-30 |
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| US (1) | US3127348A (es) |
| DE (1) | DE1260062B (es) |
| DK (1) | DK103793C (es) |
| GB (1) | GB966053A (es) |
| NL (1) | NL279656A (es) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3857790A (en) * | 1971-05-27 | 1974-12-31 | Cooper & Co Ltd Edwin | Improvement in the preparation of overbased magnesium lubricant additives |
| US5449470A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1995-09-12 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Overbased alkali salts and methods for making same |
| US5486300A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1996-01-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions |
| US5490945A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1996-02-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and concentrates |
| US5562864A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1996-10-08 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and concentrates |
| US5614480A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1997-03-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and concentrates |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5026493A (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1991-06-25 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Reduced ash content lubricants |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2767209A (en) * | 1952-11-03 | 1956-10-16 | Lubrizol Corp | Complexes of dissimilar metals and methods of making same |
| US2956018A (en) * | 1955-07-01 | 1960-10-11 | Continental Oil Co | Metal containing organic compositions and method of preparing the same |
| US2989463A (en) * | 1958-09-26 | 1961-06-20 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricants containing basic metal additives |
| US3003959A (en) * | 1959-12-21 | 1961-10-10 | Union Oil Co | Lubricating oil additives and lubricating oils containing the same |
-
0
- US US3127348D patent/US3127348A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- NL NL279656D patent/NL279656A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-05-15 GB GB18656/62A patent/GB966053A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-05-25 DE DEE22946A patent/DE1260062B/de active Granted
- 1962-06-27 DK DK286662AA patent/DK103793C/da active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2767209A (en) * | 1952-11-03 | 1956-10-16 | Lubrizol Corp | Complexes of dissimilar metals and methods of making same |
| US2956018A (en) * | 1955-07-01 | 1960-10-11 | Continental Oil Co | Metal containing organic compositions and method of preparing the same |
| US2989463A (en) * | 1958-09-26 | 1961-06-20 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricants containing basic metal additives |
| US3003959A (en) * | 1959-12-21 | 1961-10-10 | Union Oil Co | Lubricating oil additives and lubricating oils containing the same |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3857790A (en) * | 1971-05-27 | 1974-12-31 | Cooper & Co Ltd Edwin | Improvement in the preparation of overbased magnesium lubricant additives |
| US5449470A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1995-09-12 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Overbased alkali salts and methods for making same |
| US5486300A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1996-01-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions |
| US5490945A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1996-02-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and concentrates |
| US5562864A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1996-10-08 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and concentrates |
| US5614480A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1997-03-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and concentrates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1260062B (de) | 1968-02-01 |
| DE1260062C2 (es) | 1968-08-14 |
| GB966053A (en) | 1964-08-06 |
| DK103793C (da) | 1966-02-21 |
| NL279656A (es) |
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